National Population
Policy of India
Name – Ayaan Ali Rahaman
University Roll No – 33941923011
4th Semester
Subject Name – Society Culture & Human
Behavior (AECC401A/B)
Introduction
The National Population Policy (NPP) of
India is aimed at controlling population
growth while ensuring sustainable
development and improved quality of life.
It focuses on reducing fertility rates,
promoting family planning, and enhancing
maternal and child healthcare.
Objectives of NPP
The main goals of the policy include:
• Reducing the infant mortality rate (IMR) and maternal mortality
rate (MMR).
• Achieving population stabilization by 2045.
• Encouraging family planning through awareness and free
contraceptives.
• Increasing the age of marriage, especially for girls.
• Improving healthcare infrastructure in rural and urban areas.
Historical Background
India has historically attempted to regulate its population:
1952 - India was the first nation to introduce a family
planning program.
1976 - During the Emergency era, a national program was
implemented, but forced sterilisation techniques caused it to
fail.
2000 - To take a more voluntary and balanced approach, the
National Population Policy 2000 was introduced.
Key Features
• Short-term Goals: Reduce IMR below 30 per 1,000 live births and achieve
100% institutional deliveries.
• Medium-term Goals: Achieve Total Fertility Rate (TFR) of 2.1.
• Long-term Goals: Achieve population stabilization by 2045.
• Key Measures:
• Free distribution of contraceptives and birth control services.
• Promoting female education and delayed marriages.
• Strengthening maternal and child healthcare programs.
Government Initiatives
• Mission Parivar Vikas (2017) – Focuses on high fertility rate districts, promoting
contraception and reproductive health awareness.
• Janani Suraksha Yojana – Provides financial assistance for safe motherhood and
institutional deliveries.
• Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana – Supports pregnant and lactating mothers
through financial incentives.
• Universal Immunization Program – Ensures vaccination for children and pregnant
women.
Population Growth Trends of India
Current Population: Over 1.4 billion, making India the most populous country (surpassing
China in 2023).
Population Density: With more than 450 people per square kilometer, India has a dense
population.
Growth in Urban vs. Rural regions: As urban regions grow quickly, they face problems such
resource depletion, unemployment, and overpopulation.
Fertility Rate Declining: The Total Fertility Rate (TFR) is approaching replacement levels,
having dropped from 3.2 in 2000 to 2.0 in 2023.
Challenges Faced :
• Cultural and Religious Barriers: In certain groups, there is opposition to family planning and
contraception.
• Lack of Awareness: Reproductive health is not well understood by rural communities.
• Gender Inequality: Declining female birth rates and gender imbalance are caused by son preference.
• Healthcare Infrastructure: Reproductive services and high-quality healthcare are still inaccessible in
rural regions.
• Economic Factors: Small-family norms are discouraged since many families depend on their children
for financial assistance.
Future Strategies
• Strengthening Healthcare Infrastructure: Expanding medical facilities,
especially in rural areas.
• Education and Awareness Programs: Promoting family planning and
reproductive health education.
• Encouraging Late Marriages: Raising marriage age and empowering
women through education and employment.
• Economic Incentives for Small Families: Providing financial benefits to
families who adopt population control measures.
• Technology Integration: Using big data, AI, and mobile health apps to
spread awareness and provide medical support.
Thank You
Society Culture & Human Behavior
