Mathematics 10

Quarter 2
Self-Learning Module 13
Deriving the Distance
Formula
Mathematics – Grade 10
Quarter 2 – Self-Learning Module 13: Deriving the Distance Formula
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education - Schools Division of Pasig City

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Mathematics 10
Quarter 2
Self-Learning Module 13
Deriving the Distance Formula
Introductory Message

For the Facilitator:

Welcome to the Mathematics Grade 10 Self-Learning Module on Deriving the

Distance Formula!

This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed and

reviewed by educators from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its
Officer-in-Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A.
Agustin, in partnership with the City Government of Pasig through its mayor,
Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the K
to 12 Curriculum using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in
developing this instructional resource.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help learners
acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely: Communication,
Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the self-learning module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this self-
learning module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing
them to manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and
assist the learners as they do the tasks included in this self-learning module.
 For the Learner:

Welcome to the Mathematics Grade 10 Self-Learning Module on Deriving the

Distance Formula!

This self-learning module was designed to provide you with fun and
meaningful opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and
time. You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being
an active learner.

This self-learning module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectations - This points to the set of knowledge and skills

that you will learn after completing the module.

Pretest - This measures your prior knowledge aboutthe lesson

at hand.

Recap - This part of the module provides a review of concepts

and skills that you already know about a previous lesson.

Lesson - This section discusses the topic in the module.

Activities - This is a set of activities that you need to perform.

Wrap-Up - This section summarizes the concepts and

application of the lesson.

Valuing - This partintegrates a desirable moral value in the

lesson.

Posttest - This measure how much you have learned from the
entire module.
 EXPECTATIONS

1. Derive the distance formula.

2. Determine the distance and midpoint between two points or objects on a
coordinate plane.
3. Solve problem involving distance and midpoint formula.

PRETEST

Direction: Read each question carefully and choose the letter that corresponds to
the correct answer.

1. The measure of the distance between two points is always…

A. Fraction C. Negative
B. 0 D. Nonnegative
2. Which of the following represents the distance d between the two points (x1, y1)
and (x2, y2)?

A. 𝑑 = √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 C. 𝑑 = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2
B. 𝑑 = √(𝑥1 − 𝑦1 )2 + (𝑥2 − 𝑦2 )2 D. 𝑑 = √(𝑥1 + 𝑦1 )2 + (𝑥2 + 𝑦2 )2

3. What is the distance between points A (-4, 3) and B (0, 0)?

A. 4 C. 6
B. 5 D. 7
4. Find the midpoint between points L (0,5) and V (8, –1).
A. (8, -6) C. (4, 2)
B. (-6, 8) D. (2, 4)

5. Using the figure below, how far will Jan have to travel if she wants to go to the
mall?
A. 7.62km
B. 7km
C. 6.27km
D. 3.16km
 RECAP

I. Use the number line to find the length of each of the following segments.

1. ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐵 3. ̅̅̅̅
𝐹𝐺
̅̅̅̅
2.𝐶𝐸 4. ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐻
How did you find the length of each segment? How many ways can you find the
distance of each segment?

II. Determine the length of the missing side of each of the right triangle.
6
3
5
1. ? 8 3. 3 3
3 3
?
3

? 5
3
2. 4.
3
11 12
15 ? 3
3

How did you get the value of the missing side? Explain what formula did you use to
find the answer?
 LESSON

The Distance Formula

The distance formula is a nonnegative measure that is used to find the

distance between two points whether it is aligned horizontally or vertically which can
be represented as points (x1, y1) and (x2, y2).
Let us consider points P and R whose coordinates are (x1, y1) and (x2, y2)
respectively. The distance d between these points can be determined using the
distance formula d = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2 or PR = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2 .
The Midpoint Formula

If A (x1, y1) and B (x2, y2) are the endpoints of a segment and M is the midpoint,
𝑥1 +𝑥̇ 2 𝑦1 +𝑦2
then the coordinates of 𝑀 = ( , ), which is also known as the Midpoint
2 2
Formula.
Example 1: Determine the distance between P (2, 6) and R (5, 10).

Solution: To find the distance between P and R, do the following procedures.

1. Let (x1, y1) = (2, 6) and (x2, y2) = (5, 10)
2. Substitute the corresponding values of x1, y1, x2 and y2 in the
distance formula PR = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2
3. Solve the resulting equation.
PR = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2

= √(5 − 2)2 + (10 − 6)2

= √( 3 )2 + ( 4 )2
= √ 9 + 16
= √ 25
PR = 5
The distance between P and R is 5 units.
Example 2: Find the distance and midpoint between M (3, 7) and N (-8, 12).

Solution: a. To find the distance between M and N, follow the following

procedures.

1. Let (x1, y1) = (3, 7) and (x2, y2) = (-8, 12)

2. Substitute the corresponding values of x1, y1, x2 and y2 in the
distance formula MN = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2
3. Solve the resulting equation.
MN = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2

= √(−8 − 3)2 + (12 − 7)2

= √(−11 )2 + ( 5 )2
= √ 121 + 25
= √146
MN = 12.08

The distance between M and N is approximately 12.08 units.

B. To find the midpoint of M (3, 7) and N (-8, 12), let us use the same procedure

1. Let (x1, y1) = (3, 7) and (x2, y2) = (-8, 12)

2. Substitute the corresponding values of x1, y1, x2 and y2 in the
𝑥1 +𝑥̇ 2 𝑦1 +𝑦2
distance formula 𝑀 = ( , )
2 2

3. Solve the resulting equation.

𝑥1 + 𝑥2 𝑦1 + 𝑦2
𝑀=( , )
2 2
3 − 8 7 + 12
=( , )
2 2

−5 19
𝑀 =( , )
2 2

−5 19
The midpoint between M and N is ( , ).
2 2

The distance formula can be applied in a real-life situation. Particularly in

finding the distance of two places or position.
Example 3: Barangay Dela Paz officials reported the first person being infected by
the COVID-19 and considered as PUI (Person Under Investigation) and the
location is at (1, 7). If Dawn’s house is located at (-4, -8). How far is her
house from the house of the person under investigation if one unit on the
coordinate plane is equivalent to 2 kilometers?

Solution: Let x1 = 1, y1 = 7, x2 = -4 and y2 = -8

Then, substitute the corresponding values in the distance formula

d = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2

= √(−4 − 1)2 + (−8 − 7)2

= √(−5 )2 + (−15 )2
= √ 25 + 225
= √ 250
= √(25)(10)
d = 5√10 or d = 15.81

Since 1 unit on the coordinate plane is equivalent to 2 kilometers the distance

of Dawn to the person under investigation will be determined by multiplying the value
of d by 2. So, (15.81) (2) = 31.62 km.

The distance between Dawn’s house to the person under investigation is 31.62 km.

ACTIVITIES

ACTIVITY 1: LET’S PRACTICE!

Direction: Determine the distance between each pair of points.

1. C (2, 3) and V (4, 0) d- =

2. O (1, -2) and I (8, 7) d- =
3. V (-9, 5) and R (0, -2) d- =
4. I (3, -3) and U (1, -1) d- =
5. D (-6, 0) and S (-4, 9) d- =
ACTIVITY 2: KEEP PRACTICING!
Direction: Matching Type. Match the coordinates in Column A with its midpoint in
Column B. Write the letter of the correct answer inside the box.

Column A Column B

1. W(1, -2) and R(5, 1) a. (0, 0)

2. A(-4, -3) and H(4, 3) b. (7, -5/2)
3. S(8, -5) and A(6, 0) c. (3, -½)
4. H(7, -2) and N(-7, -2) d. (13/2, 4)
5. U(8, 3) and D(5, 5) e. (0, -2)

ACTIVITY 3: TEST YOURSELF!

Direction: Use the figure below to answer the following questions.

1. What would be the coordinates of the store? (x, y) _______________

2. How about the coordinates of the relief center? (x, y) ________________

3. What formula are you going to use to find the distance from the store to the
relief center? _______________

a. d = √(𝑥2 + 𝑥1 )2 − (𝑦2 + 𝑦1 )2

b. d = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2

4. During the quarantine period, the store owner decided to donate goods and
send these to the relief center. How far (in km unit) will Mang Jose travel if he
will deliver the goods to the center? (Note: Round your answer to the nearest
hundredths.) _______________

5. What safety measures will Mang Jose do during his travel to and from the
store? _______________
 WRAP-UP

Did you learn something about finding the distance between two points or two
objects? How did you get the midpoint of two points or objects?

• Distance formula – an equation that can be used to find the distance between any
pairs of points on the coordinate plane.

𝑑 = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2 .

• Midpoint formula – a formula that can be used to find the coordinates of the
midpoint of a line segment.
𝑥1 + 𝑥̇ 2 𝑦1 + 𝑦2
𝑀=( , )
2 2

VALUING

REFLECTION: (Journal Writing)

The distance formula is used to find the distance

between two points or objects. It is also used to
prove different properties. We can also use this to
solve real life problems or situations and example
of this is finding the distance between places,
calculating the length, width and height of
different things etc. This formula can also be
used in sports like determining the exact length
of passing ball to your teammates. This can also
be used by engineers and architect for building
and constructing infrastructure and many other
professions.
During this time of pandemic, distancing is one way of being safe. Social
distancing is very important and should be implemented anywhere. In your opinion,
what is the appropriate distance to protect yourself from being infected and to
prevent the spread of the virus?
 POSTTEST

Direction: Read each question carefully and choose the letter that corresponds to
the correct answer.
1. The measure of the distance between two points is always…
A. Nonnegative C. Zero
B. Fraction D. Negative
2. Which of the following represents the distance d between the two points (x1, y1)
and (x2, y2)?

A. 𝑑 = √(𝑥1 + 𝑦1 )2 + (𝑥2 + 𝑦2 )2 C. 𝑑 = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2

B. 𝑑 = √(𝑥2 − 𝑦2 )2 D. 𝑑 = √(𝑥1 + 𝑦1 )2 − (𝑥2 + 𝑦2 )2

3. What is the distance between points F (6, 0) and R (0, 8)?

A. 8 C. 10
B. 9 D. 11
4. Find the midpoint between points C (-2,3) and M (0, –1).
A. (-1, 1) C. (1, 1)
B. (2, -1) D. (-2, 1)

5. Using the figure below, how far will John have to travel (in km) if he wants to go
to the church?
A. 62km
B. 10 km
C. 36 km
D. 100 km
 KEY TO CORRECTION
3. C
5. B 2. C
5. Answers may vary. 4. A 1. A
the relief center. POSTTEST
5.39 km from the store to 5. d 5. 9.22 5. A
4. Mang Jose will travel 4. e 4. 2.83 4. C

3. 𝑑 = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2 3. b 3. 11.4 3. B

2. (2, 2) 2. a 2. 11.4 2. C
1. (4, 7) 1. c 1. 3.61 1. D
ACTIVITY 3 ACTIVITY 2 ACTIVITY 1 PRETEST

References

Government of the Philippines. Department of Education. 2015. Mathematics

Grade10 Learner’s Module. Pasig City.

Fox, Harry. Math 10 Unit 2 LM. LinkedIn Slide Share, 2015.

https://www.slideshare.net/HarryFox12/math-10-unit-2-lm. (Accessed August 30,
2015).

“Pythagorean Theorem.” Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pythagorean_theorem.
(Accessed May 26, 2020).

“Image Bank.” Google Drive. Google.

https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/10qUO9Oak6PwGKY-
t4dB2N7DPi7V0_RZm?fbclid=IwAR0FHDJUf_GIje0rS9VPfYelfBkQjtmY-
hMtQHoCYu3h2lAXre6dxpKDvLQ.
(Accessed June 28, 2020).