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C Programming Syntax and Essentials

The document outlines essential C programming syntax and definitions, covering topics such as basic input/output, variables, operators, control structures, loops, functions, arrays, strings, pointers, file handling, dynamic memory allocation, structures, and preprocessor directives. It provides examples for each concept to illustrate their usage. This serves as a comprehensive reference for fundamental C programming elements.

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10 views3 pages

C Programming Syntax and Essentials

The document outlines essential C programming syntax and definitions, covering topics such as basic input/output, variables, operators, control structures, loops, functions, arrays, strings, pointers, file handling, dynamic memory allocation, structures, and preprocessor directives. It provides examples for each concept to illustrate their usage. This serves as a comprehensive reference for fundamental C programming elements.

Uploaded by

nvsandilya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

C Programming: Important Code Syntax and Definitions

Basic Input and Output

1. Print to console: printf("Hello, World!\n");


2. Input from user: scanf("%d", &variable);

Variables and Constants

1. Variable Declaration: int x = 10; float pi = 3.14;


2. Constant Declaration: const int MAX = 100;

Operators

1. Arithmetic: +, -, *, /, %
2. Relational: ==, !=, >, <, >=, <=
3. Logical: &&, ||, !
4. Assignment: =, +=, -=, *=, /=, %=.

Control Structures

1. If Statement: if (condition) { /* code */ }


2. If-Else: if (condition) { /* code */ } else { /* code */ }
3. Switch: switch(variable) { case value: /* code */ break; default: /* code */ }

Loops

1. For Loop: for(initialization; condition; increment) { /* code */ }


2. While Loop: while(condition) { /* code */ }
3. Do-While Loop: do { /* code */ } while(condition);

Functions

1. Syntax: return_type function_name(parameters) { /* code */ }


2. Example: int sum(int a, int b) { return a + b; }
3. Function Call: result = sum(5, 3);
Arrays

1. Declaration: int arr[5];


2. Initialization: int arr[5] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
3. Access: printf("%d", arr[2]);

Strings

1. Declaration: char str[20];


2. Initialization: char str[] = "Hello";
3. Access: printf("%c", str[1]); // prints 'e'

Pointers

1. Declaration: int *ptr;


2. Assignment: ptr = &var;
3. Dereference: printf("%d", *ptr);

File Handling

1. Open File: FILE *fp = fopen("file.txt", "r");


2. Read/Write: fscanf(fp, "%s", str); fprintf(fp, "%s", str);
3. Close File: fclose(fp);

Dynamic Memory Allocation

1. Allocate Memory: int *ptr = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int));


2. Free Memory: free(ptr);

Structures

1. Define: struct Person { char name[50]; int age; };


2. Access: struct Person p1; p1.age = 25;

Preprocessor Directives

1. Include Header: #include<stdio.h>


2. Define Constant: #define PI 3.14

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