Chemistry Project
Name - Daibik Nandy House - Vincent Roll No. - 15
Class - 7 Sec - B
Change is an important feature of nature.
Every moment several changes take place around us.
These changes are exciting and they generate in us the
curiosity to know the reasons behind each of them
A physical change is a temporary change, in which no
new substance is formed.
(I) A Lemon cut into pieces:
After cutting a lemon it comes into two pieces. The
shape and size of the lemon has changed. But there
is no difference in the colour or taste. That means
the properties of lemon are present in its pieces too
although the shape and size have changed.
Therefore, it is a physical change. It is desirable as
well as reversible change.
(II) Crumpling of Paper:
The crumpling of paper is an example of physical
change. After crumpling a sheet of paper, its shape
and size have changed. It is desirable as well as
reversible change.
(III) Melting Ice Cube:
Ice cubes are kept in the plate. When the
surrounding warm air comes in contact with the ice
cubes, it start melt into water. It is desirable as well
as reversible change.
(IV) Grinding Sugar:
After grinding the sugar we get powder of sugar.
We can not find any kind of change in the
composition of sugar. When sugar is powdered, the
sugar crystals are broken into smaller pieces. It is
desirable as well as reversible change.
Chemical change is a change in which, new substance is
formed and it’s a permanent change.
(I) Burning of Paper:
Burning paper involves a chemical change where
cellulose fibers react with oxygen in the air,
producing carbon dioxide, water vapor, and ash. This
process releases heat and light energy as the paper
undergoes combustion, irreversibly transforming its
chemical structure.
(II) Rusting Nail:
Rusting of a nail is a chemical change where iron
reacts with oxygen and water in the presence of
moisture. This reaction forms iron oxide (rust), which
weakens the nail over time by corroding its surface.
Rusting is accelerated in humid environments and is
an irreversible transformation of the nail's chemical
composition.
(III) Formation of Curd from Milk:
Formation of curd chemical change where lactose (milk
sugar) is converted into lactic acid by bacteria such as
Lactobacillus. This process, called fermentation, causes
milk proteins (casein) to coagulate and form curds. The
resulting curd has a different chemical composition and
texture compared to milk, making it a distinct product.
(IV) Evaluation of Gas:
The evolution of gas refers to a chemical change where a
substance undergoes decomposition or reaction,
releasing gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrogen
(H2), or oxygen (O2). This process often occurs during
chemical reactions, fermentation, or decomposition of
organic matter, producing bubbles or fizzing as gases
escape into the surrounding environment.
Chemical changes in nature are fundamental processes
that occur all around us, influencing everything from the
growth of plants to the formation of minerals and the
cycling of nutrients.
(I) Photosynthesis:
Plants undergo a chemical change during
photosynthesis, where they convert carbon dioxide
and water into glucose (a sugar) and oxygen using
sunlight as energy. This process is essential for plant
growth and provides oxygen for many organisms.
(II) Decomposition:
When organic matter like leaves, dead animals, or
plants decompose, bacteria and fungi break down
complex organic molecules into simpler substances.
This process involves chemical reactions that release
nutrients back into the soil, contributing to the nutrient
cycle.
(III) Formation of Minerals:
Minerals form through various chemical processes in
nature, such as precipitation from dissolved ions in
water or the cooling and crystallization of molten rock
(igneous processes). These chemical changes result in
the creation of diverse mineral structures and
compositions.
SDG 2: Zero Hunger SDG 13: Climate Action
• Chemical Change Example: • Chemical Change Example: Carbon
Photosynthesis in plants, where sequestration through the formation
carbon dioxide is converted into of carbonates in rocks (e.g.,
glucose using sunlight. limestone).
• Contribution: Provides food (plants) • Contribution: Helps mitigate climate
as a primary source of nutrition for change by storing carbon dioxide
humans and animals, supporting from the atmosphere, thereby
food security and sustainable reducing greenhouse gas emissions
agriculture (SDG 2) (SDG 13).
Physical Changes involve alterations in the appearance, state, or form of a substance without changing
its chemical composition. Examples include changes in shape, size, or phase transitions such as melting
or freezing. These changes are typically reversible and do not involve the formation of new substances.
Chemical Changes entail the transformation of substances into new substances with different chemical
compositions through chemical reactions. Examples include combustion, rusting, and digestion. These
changes are often irreversible and involve the breaking and forming of chemical bonds. Recognizing
the differences between physical and chemical changes is crucial across various fields, from everyday
life to scientific research and industrial applications. It helps in understanding natural processes,
designing technologies, and ensuring sustainable practices in fields such as agriculture, environmental
conservation, and materials science. By appreciating these distinctions, we can better manage
resources, mitigate environmental impacts, and advance towards a more sustainable future.
It gives me great pleasure to express my gratitude towards our chemistry teacher Madam
Das for her guidance, support and encouragement throughout the duration of the project.
Without her motivation and help the successful completion of this project would not have
been possible.
