RESEARCH ARTICLE | MAY 04 2023

Structural performance of pre-engineered building system

under general loading 
Ch. Rama Gopala Krishna  ; P. Polu Raju
AIP Conf. Proc. 2759, 050002 (2023)
https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0145312

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 Structural Performance of Pre-Engineered Building System
Under General Loading

Ch Rama Gopala Krishnaa, P Polu Raju

Department of Civil Engineering Koneru Lakshmaiah Educational Foundation, Vaddeswaram,

Guntur district, India.
a)
Corresponding author-“[email protected]”

Abstract: Pre-engineered steel structure systems are pre-designed and prefabricated in the pre-engineered building
concept. The present construction method requires the best architectural beauty, excellent construction quality and speed,
cost-effectiveness, and a creative touch. Pre-engineered steel buildings, for example, should be explored as an alternative
building system. A Pre-Engineered Building (PEB) is a new concept that entails using a steel framework and optimizing
the design while maintaining economic integrity. STAAD Pro will be used to analyze, design, and detail PEB structures
with different loads in different regions. The applied load vs. deflection response, shear force & bending moment intensities,

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and stress concentration of pre-engineered building systems were used to evaluate the behavior of the structure. The tube
cross section and Indian Standard Medium Weight Beam 350 of PEB for both column and rafter sections must be
determined during the design stage. The optimization of PEB shall be presented in the report.
Keywords: Pre-Engineered building, Conventional building, cost effective, STAAD Pro

INTRODUCTION
Construction industries play a critical part in the development of India's economy. Structural engineering developed
the PEB idea for rapid growth. PEB has a single supplier rather than several providers. This offers a complete package
includes steel framework, cladding, and roofing. According to them, all components are bolted together on the job site
to meet the specifications. PEB design is carried out by software. To put it another way, we believe PEB is the future
of the construction industry, and a lot of businesses do it [1]. Pre-Engineered buildings, such as apartments with steel
structures, have been the subject of numerous studies, including comparisons to conventional and reinforced concrete
buildings [2] . Steel structures are projected to perform better than traditional reinforced concrete structures in
earthquakes due to their great ductility. In Recent years the introduction of PEB building concept in the design
structures has helped in optimization design. When comparing PEB to conventional construction, the design approach
yielded additional benefits, such as cost savings and easier fabrication pre-engineered buildings were almost
exclusively used in North America and the Middle East before 1990. The use of pre-engineered structures has spread
throughout Asia since then.as well as Africa, where the PEB architecture concept is increasingly widely used [3]. The
principle of pre-engineered steel Buildings are thought to be the most versatile and cost-effective structures available.
In the construction industry, the economy, and the speed with which projects are completed are all elements to
consider. The design and construction of these structures are unparalleled. no other building system compares to the
pre-engineered construction system [4].

The rigid steel frames of the building are majorly viewed as the PEB Main Frames. The PEB rigid structure is
composed of tapered columns and rafters; the fabricated tapered sections are recognized as built-up sections. The
tapered sections are made with cutting-edge technology, with the flanges welded to the web. Splice plates are
welded to the tapered sections' ends. Bolting the splice plates of connecting sections together produces the frame
[5].Secondary structural components that support the wall and roof panels include purlins, grits, and eave struts

Advances in Sustainable Construction Materials

AIP Conf. Proc. 2759, 050002-1–050002-12; https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0145312
Published by AIP Publishing. 978-0-7354-4515-4/$30.00

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 Insulating sheets are rigid board materials or a roll of material that can be cut and molded to a specific size to suit
your purpose. Insulation sheets are available in a wide range of lengths, widths, and thicknesses [5].

• For primary members, AISC-89 and AISC-2005 are used.

• For load combinations, MBMA-96 is employed.
• For old formed members, AISI 1996 is utilized.
• For serviceability conditions, IS 1984 and IS 2007 are applied.
• For the design of various members, IS 2062 is employed.
• IS: 875-2015, code of practice design loads for building and structures
• IS: 800-1984, code of practice for use structural steel in general building construction [6].

The weight of inaction It contains the self-weight of basic structural parts like frames, as well as the mass of secondary
structural components like purlins, girts, Flange Braces, roof, and wall braces and wallboard. The live load is a variable
load that changes over time. During the lifetime of the system, the weight of the load varies or moves, and moving
things occur, although these do not include water, snow, seismic, or dead load. The wind's force on the structure Wind
load is the force exerted on the heights when the wind blows on a building. Wind speed, roof slope, eave height, and
enclosure conditions all contribute to a building's wind load. All technological inputs, for example, comprise model
computations. [7].
Pre-Engineered Structures (PEBs) Include Several Advantages:

• Durability
• Marginal Maintenance costs
• Construction Ease
• Savings in Time

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• Flexibility and cost savings [8].

This paper has set out the design and analysis of structure under general loading has per the structure different load
combinations are used in this structure[9]. structure will be provided different cross sections of the structure will be
like different tube steel sections are provided TUB1501505, TUB1001004. And different I steel sections are provided
[10].In this structure will be like ISMB350, ISMB 550 are provided. These sections instead in the same structure
figure 1 is given below. And these general loading means live load and dead load and wind load are considered in this
structure.

RESEARCH SIGNIFICANCE
In India, pre-engineered building components are produced all throughout the country. These ideas are used to design
wide span structures that are simple to build. These constructions are simple to construct. These are factory-built steel
constructions that are delivered to the job site, constructed, and bolted together. This construction style is more distinct,
and it takes only a few minutes to complete. Framing members, columns and rafters, roof purlins, eave structs, wall
girts, and roofing sheets, which are generally fabricated on site, are the most significant components for the PEB
structure. These structures are more suited to commercial and industrial applications. Construction costs will be
modest, as will the time it takes to complete the project. Hubs are often located in metropolitan regions and are housed
in facilities that have notable stylistic similarities. Offices and aircraft hangars, as well as metro stadiums, make better
use of these structures.

DESCRIPTION OF STRUCTURE
The current study involved the design of a SIPCOT structure in Chennai, Tamil Nadu. The structure is a tata
consultancy services office building. The actual structure is envisioned as a Pre-Engineered building with 12 bays of
spans spaced at different intervals. The PEB building with a height of 23 meters and a 7-story structure is considered,
and the design is carried out by taking general loading conditions into account in various load combinations. IS: 875
Parts 1 and 2 are used to calculate dead and live loads. Wind loads are calculated using IS: 875. The third instalment
STAAD was used to analyze and design the PEB structure STAAD Pro.
The Different load combinations are used in this structure is given below:

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1. EQ+X
2. EQ-X
3. EQ+Z
4. EQ_Z
5. DL
6. LL
7. WLR0(+0.5)
8. WLL0(+0.5)
9. WLR0(-0.5)
10. WLL0(-0.5)
11. WLP90(+0.5)
12. WLP90(-0.5)
13. 1.5DL+1.5LL
14. 0.9DL+1.5EQ+X
15. 0.9DL+1.5EQ-X
16. 0.9DL+1.5EQ+Z
17. 0.9DL+1.5EQ-Z
18. 0.9DL+1.5EQ+X
19. 1.5DL+1.5EQ-X
20. 1.5 DL+EQ+Z
21. 1.5DL+1.5EQ-Z
22. 1.5DL+1.5WLR0(0.5)
23. 1.5DL+1.5WLL0(0.55)
24. 1.5DL+1.5WLR0(0.5)

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25. 1.5DL+1.5WLL0(-0.5)
26. 1.5DL+1.5WLP90(+0.5)
27. 1.5DL+1.5WLP90(-0.5)
28. 1.2DL+1.2WLR (+0.5)-1.2LL
29. 1.2DL+1.2WLL (+0.5) +1.2LL
30. 1.2DL+1.2WLL (-0.5) +1.2LL
31. 1.2DL+1.2WLL0(-0.5) +1.2LL
32. 1.2DL+1.2WLP90(+0.50) +1.2LL
33. 1.2DL+1.2WLP90(-0.50) +1.2LL
34. 1.2DL+1.2EQ+X+1.2LL
35. 1.2DL+1.2EQEQ+X-1.2LL
36. 1.2DL+1.2EQ+Z+1.2LL
37. 1.2DL+1.2EQ-Z+1.2LL
38. 1.2DL+0.6WLR0(+0.5) +1.2LL
39. 1.2DL+0.6WLL0(0.5) +1.2LL
40. 1.2DL+0.6WLR0(0.5) +1.2LL
41. 1.2DL+0.6WLR0(0.5) +1.2LL
42. 1.2DL+ 0.6WLP90(+0.5) +1.2LL
43. 1.2DL+0.6WLP90(-0.5) +1.2LL
44. 1.2DL+0.6EQ+X+1.2LL
45. 1.2DL+0.6EQ-X+1.2LL
46. 1.2DL+0.6EQ+Z+1.2LL
47. 1.2DL+0.6EQ+Z-1.2LL
48. 0.9DL+1.5WLR (+0.5)
49. 0.9DL+1.5WLL0(+0.5)
50. 0.9DL+1.5 WLR0(-0.5)
51. 0.9DL+1.5WLL0(0.5)

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 52. 0.9DL+1.5WLP90(+0.5)
53. 0.9DL+1.5WLP90(+0.5)
54. 1.0DL+1.0EQ+X
55. 1.0DL+1.0EQ_X
56. 1.0DL+1.0EQ+Z
57. 1.0DL+1.0EQ-Z
58. 1.0DL+1.0WLR0(0.5)
59. 1.0DL+1.0WLL0(+0.5)
60. 1.0DL+1.0WLR0(-0.5)
61. 1.0DL+1.0WLL0(0.5)
62. 1.0DL+1.0WLP90(+0.5)
63. 1.0DL+1.0WLP90(-0.5)
64. 1.0DL+0.8WLR0(+0.5) +0.8LL
65. 1.0DL+0.8WLL0(0.5) +0.8LL
66. 1.0DL+0.8 WLR (0.5) +0.8LL
67. 1.0DL+0.8WLP90(0.5) +0.8LL
68. 1.0DL+0.8WLP90(+0.5) +0.8LL
69. 1.0DL+0.8WLP90(-0.5) +0.8LL
70. 1.0DL+1.0LL
The major aim of the load combinations utilized in the structure below is to determine the maximum that will occur
in the above one load combination, which should be used to analyses the structure's behavior. STAAD was used to
analyses and develop the structural configuration details in line with Indian Standard Codal requirements. A
comparison of professional software was carried out.

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TABLE 1. Structural Details
S.no Description Dimensions
1 Type of the structure Sipcot IT park
2 Location Chennai, Siruseri.
3 Area of site 768(m2)
4 Single span width 7m
5 Number of spans 12nos
6 Total span width 64m
7 Total span height 23m
8 Number of bays 12nos
9 Support condition Pinned

FIGURE 1. Dimensions of the structure.

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 Figure 1. Dimensions are assumed in the diagram above for the self-constructed point of view. The
SIPCOT IT PARK structure is located in Siruseri, near Chennai. The structure is 23 meters tall and 64 meters wide.
Various tube sections will be provided in these sections.

FIGURE 2. Model of the structure. FIGURE 3. 3D Rendered View.

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Figure-2 shows the structure's model for front spacing in 3D rendered view, followed by figure-3 showing
the structure's side facing in 3D rendered view.

MODELLING
STAAD Pro is a programme that helps in structure modelling, analysis, and design. When compared to
STAAD, manual methods yield less reliable results. STAAD.Pro has proven to be excellent in terms of 2D and 3D
modelling, analysis, and multi-material design. It has simple visualization tools as well as substantial analysis and
design capabilities that may be combined with a variety of different modelling and design software. The software is
based on a number of national standards, including a number of Indian-specific ones. For many years, STAAD.Pro
has been the preferred tool for global analysis and design. The operation includes modelling the structure, applying
properties, specifications, loads and load combinations, as well as analysing and designing the structure.

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 FIGURE 4. Taking model of the structure

The process of creating a new project and then naming the files is depicted in the diagram above and then

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new folder select and then select the open structure wizard are used then will be after you will develop for the plan.
Then select bay frame model and then supplied values on the STAAD it will be model will be created and then select
the merge with model by using STAAD pro then select the model and it should develop the model as shown in figure
5 merge model by using open structure wizard by using STAAD pro software.

FIGURE 5. Merge Model with STAAD PRO. MODEL

The open structure wizard model will be selected using STAAD pro software. The structure will be simulated
for our convenience, and then the sections for the structure model will be produced using commands like insert node
and translation repeat, circular repeat, generate mirror and stretch members by using Figure6.model of the structure
STAADMODEL.

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 FIGURE 6. Model of the structure STAAD MODEL.

FIGURE 7. Isometric View STAAD PRO. MODEL 24 January 2025 07:26:48

It will be creating the structure and develop the then some nodes are created and nodes are joined by using
add beam function are used it will be structure of the model it will above load combinations are used and then after
complete structure of the model then isometric view of the structure is fig 7. isometric view STAAD PRO. MODEL
is above of the diagram are used.

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 FIGURE 8. Properties and support STAAD PRO. MODEL

Then after complete of the structure you will be analyses the structure and then for select general after

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select property function you will provide tube sections and ISMB 350 are provided after assign the property then
will be support are provided in these above figures 8. pinned support are provided. Then after load combination are
mentioned in geometry function after you will assign one by one after complete load combination you will be then
after materials are add then will be select analyses and print all of these add then you will be check run analyses the
behavior of the structure you will analyses.

Figure 9. Shear force on y direction with STAAD PRO. Model

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 24 January 2025 07:26:48
Figure 10. Bending moment on z direction with STAAD PRO. model

FIGURE 11. AXIAL FORCE ON X DIRECTION DIRECTION WITH STAAD PRO. MODEL

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 FIGURE 12. Displacement of STAAD PRO. MODEL

After the run analyses are completed, you will select the design function you like, such as check code 1 and FVB,

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FYB, FYLd, INDIAN CODE ISO 800 -2007, check code 2, and member take off. All of these parameters are used
for the design in the above four figures. Then, after selecting your active load, verify the behavior of the structure for
the maximum load combination, such as axial force FX direction and shear force FY DIRECTION, which is bending
moment on z direction and deflection of the structure in the preceding figures.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

STAAD Pro is used to analyses and design the pre-engineered building. This section discusses the output results for
various load combinations are considered of the structure. Steel take off (total weight of steel) for the structure can be
seen in the STAAD.Pro output. It should be overall steel after structure is given staad output file is total weight of
steel 7687.692KN are used over all structure.

TABLE2. Over all Steel required to build the structure.

Profile Length(Meters) Weight(Kn)
ISMB550 4084.23 4141.73
ISMB350 2050.13 2274.376
TUB1501505 1086.04 236.940
TUB1001004 2451.71 280.626
TOTAL 7687.692(KN)

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 Behavior of built up section and tube sections
4500

4000

3500

3000

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

0
ISMB550 ISMB350 TUB150150 TUB1001004

Lengthm) Weight

FIGURE 13. Behavior of built-up section and Tube sections

CONCLUSIONS

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• As a result, when compared to other companies, PEB saves approximately 35% of the money CSB saves.
• Axial forces are lower in steel structures due to their lighter weight when compared to RCC structures.
• The shear force is maximum more than bending moment you will be design for safe condition.
• The maximum bending moment is more than the shear force is will be design for safe condition.
• If the both conditions are applicable for then you will design for steel condition.
• A section chosen should be available in the local market; uncommon sixes and rare rolled sections are more
expensive and should be avoided.
• The materials quantity is calculated in order to optimize the structure's design.
• Time-saving design in comparison to computer-aided structural design

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3. B. P. R. V. S. Priyatham and E. D. V. S. K. Chaitanya, “Comparative Study on Analysis and Design of Flat
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10.32622/ijrat.77201946.
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10.1016/j.matpr.2020.04.076.
6. A. Lanke and D. Venkateswarlu, “Design, Cost & Time analysis of Precast & RCC building,” Int. Res. J.

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 Eng. Technol., pp. 2395–56, 2016.
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