Sure Shot Questions 2025

Chapter – 09
Biotechnology: Principles and Processes
➢ Questions 13. During a fire in an auditorium a large number of
assembled guests got burnt beyond recognition.
1. How is a restriction endonuclease named? Explain Suggest and describe a modern technique that
with the help of a suitable example. can help hand over the dead to their relatives.

2. (i) Explain the convention for naming 𝐸𝑐𝑜𝑅𝐼. 14. Suggest and describe a technique to obtain
(ii) With the help of an illustration only, show the multiple copies of a gene of interest in vitro.
action of 𝐸𝑐𝑜𝑅𝐼 on a DNA polynucleotide.
15. What are the important steps of recombinant
DNA technology?
3. State the role of DNA ligase in biotechnology.
16. How are the following used in biotechnology:
4. Why is ‘Plasmid’ an important tool in
(i) Plasmid DNA
biotechnology experiments?
(ii) Recognition sequence
(iii) Gel electrophoresis
5. Why is it not possible for an alien DNA to become
part of a chromosome anywhere along its length
17. Distinguish between endonuclease and
and replicate normally?
exonucleases.
6. Explain the work carried out by Cohen and Boyer
18. Non-viral and non-vector methods are sometimes
that contributed immensely in biotechnology.
used to transfer genes or alien DNA into a plant
cell. Explain one such method used in genetic
7. Write the role of ‘Ori’ and ‘restriction’ site in a
engineering.
cloning vector 𝑝𝐵𝑅322.

8. How is the action of normal endonuclease 19. Name any two natural cloning vectors. Give
enzymes different from that of restriction endo- reasons that make them act as cloning vectors.
nuclease? Write the two characteristics the engineered
vectors are made to possess.
9. Explain the process of gel-electrophoresis
technique. 20. (a) Write the palindromic nucleotide sequence
𝐸𝑐𝑜𝑅𝐼 recognises.
10. Describe the formation of recombinant DNA by (b) Draw the vector DNA and a foreign DNA showing
the action of 𝐸𝑐𝑜𝑅𝐼. the sites where 𝐸𝑐𝑜𝑅𝐼 has acted to form the sticky
ends.
11. Illustrate the recognition sequence of EcoRI and (c) Name the enzymes that help in forming
mention what such sequences are called? How recombinant DNA.
does restriction endonuclease act on the DNA 21. Name and describe the technique that helps in
molecule? separating the DNA fragments formed by the use
of restriction endonuclease.
12. Why do lepidoplerans die when they feed on Bt
cotton plant ? Explain how does it happen. 22. Draw pBR322 cloning vector. Label ′𝑜𝑟𝑖′, ′𝑟𝑜𝑝′
and any one antibiotic resistance site on it and
state their functions.

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23. Causative agents of HIV-AIDS and COVID-19 27. A cell free method of amplifying DNA first
belong to the same group of viruses. To diagnose developed in the mid 1980's revolutionized the
and amplify the genetic material for further study field of biotechnology. Name the method and
of COVID-19 virus, ′𝑅𝑇 − 𝑃𝐶𝑅′ test is carried out. explain the basic steps of the technique involved.
(a) What does ′𝑅𝑇 − 𝑃𝐶𝑅′ stand for? 28. Name the enzymes that are used for the isolation
(b) Explain the various steps of PCR technique. of DNA from bacterial and fungal cells for
recombinant DNA technology.

24. Write the two components of the first artificial 29. 'Insertional inactivation’ is a method to detect
recombinant DNA molecule constructed by Cohen recombinant DNA. Explain the method.
and Boyer.
25. What is EcoRI? How does EcoRI differ from an 30. (a) Describe the different steps in one complete
exonuclease? cycle of PCR.
(b) State the purpose of such an amplified DNA
26. Explain palindromic nucleotide sequence with the sequence.
help of a suitable example.

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