Important Numerical Examples from Chemistry PDFs
PDF 1 (kech101.pdf) - 8 Important Examples
1. Mole Concept Calculation: Find the number of moles in 36g of water.
2. Empirical Formula Calculation: Determine the empirical formula of a compound
with 40% sulfur and 60% oxygen.
3. Limiting Reagent: In a reaction, 5 moles of A react with 3 moles of B. Find the
limiting reagent.
4. Stoichiometry Problem: Calculate the amount of product formed when 50g of
reactant is completely consumed.
5. Gas Laws: A gas occupies 3L at 2 atm. What will be its volume at 1 atm?
6. Molarity Calculation: Find the molarity of a solution containing 10g of NaCl in
500mL of solution.
7. Percentage Composition: Determine the mass percentage of carbon in CO2.
8. Dimensional Analysis: Convert pressure from atm to Pascal.
PDF 2 (kech102.pdf) - 18 Important Examples
1. Quantum Numbers: Find the possible values of quantum numbers for an electron in
the 3rd shell.
2. Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle: Calculate the uncertainty in position if the
uncertainty in momentum is 5.0 × 10⁻²⁵ kg m/s.
3. De Broglie Wavelength: Find the wavelength of an electron moving at 2 × 10⁶ m/s.
4. Photoelectric Effect: Calculate the energy of a photon with a wavelength of 500 nm.
5. Energy Levels Transition: Find the energy difference between n=2 and n=3 energy
levels.
6. Ionization Energy: Compute the ionization energy of hydrogen using Bohr’s
equation.
7. Aufbau Principle: Write the electronic configuration of Fe (Z=26).
8. Effective Nuclear Charge: Calculate Zeff for a 3p electron in phosphorus.
9. Electronegativity Calculation: Predict the polarity of a C-Cl bond.
10. Atomic Radius Trend: Compare atomic radii of Na, Mg, and Al.
11. Lattice Energy Calculation: Compute the lattice energy of NaCl.
12. Bond Order (MOT): Determine the bond order of O₂⁻.
13. VSEPR Model: Predict the shape of SF₆.
14. Hybridization: Identify the hybridization in BF₃.
15. Polarity Calculation: Determine whether CO₂ is polar or non-polar.
16. Chemical Bonding Energy Calculation: Calculate the energy of a single bond in
H₂.
17. Molecular Orbital Theory: Determine stability of N₂⁺ vs N₂.
18. Periodic Trends: Compare ionization energies of Li, Be, and B.
PDF 3 (kech104.pdf) - 4 Important Examples
1. Lewis Dot Structures: Draw the structure of SO₄²⁻.
2. VSEPR Theory: Predict the shape and bond angles of H₂O.
3. Hybridization: Identify the hybrid orbitals in C₂H₄.
4. MOT Bond Order: Find the bond order of NO molecule.
PDF 4 (kech105.pdf) - 14 Important Examples
1. First Law of Thermodynamics: Compute internal energy change when 50J of work
is done on the system and 30J of heat is added.
2. Work Done in Expansion: Find the work done when 1 mole of gas expands from 2L
to 5L against 1 atm pressure.
3. Entropy Change: Calculate entropy change when 1 mole of ice melts at 0°C.
4. Gibbs Free Energy: Determine if a reaction is spontaneous at 300K with ΔH = -200
kJ/mol and ΔS = -0.4 kJ/mol K.
5. Hess’s Law: Find the enthalpy of formation of CH₄ using given reaction data.
6. Heat Capacity Calculation: Determine the heat required to raise the temperature of
500g of water from 25°C to 75°C.
7. Phase Change Energy: Calculate the heat needed to convert 100g of ice to steam.
8. Enthalpy of Formation: Find the standard enthalpy change for combustion of
methane.
9. Reaction Spontaneity: Determine ΔG for a reaction and predict its spontaneity.
10. Equilibrium Constant Relation: Use the van’t Hoff equation to find K at a different
temperature.
11. Entropy and Reaction Feasibility: Predict reaction direction based on entropy
change.
12. Equilibrium Constant and Gibbs Free Energy: Compute K from ΔG.
13. Heat of Reaction Calculation: Find ΔH using bond enthalpies.
14. Temperature Effect on Spontaneity: Predict how spontaneity changes with
temperature.
PDF 5 (kech106.pdf) - 28 Important Examples
1. Equilibrium Constant Calculation: Determine Kc for the reaction N₂ + 3H₂ ⇌
2NH₃.
2. Kp and Kc Relationship: Convert Kc to Kp for a gaseous reaction.
3. Le Chatelier’s Principle: Predict how equilibrium shifts when temperature increases.
4. Effect of Pressure: Analyze the effect of increased pressure on a gas-phase
equilibrium.
5. Solubility Product (Ksp): Compute Ksp for AgCl.
6. pH Calculation: Determine the pH of a 0.01M HCl solution.
7. Buffer Solution Calculation: Find the pH of a buffer made of acetic acid and sodium
acetate.
8. Titration Calculation: Determine the pH at equivalence point in a strong acid-strong
base titration.
9. Common Ion Effect: Predict solubility changes of PbCl₂ in NaCl solution.
10. Degree of Ionization: Calculate α for a weak acid with Ka = 1.8 × 10⁻⁵.
11. Dissociation Constant Relation: Compute Ka from pKa.
12. Reaction Quotient (Q): Determine if equilibrium favors reactants or products.
13. Solubility and Ksp: Predict precipitation conditions.
14. Osmotic Pressure Calculation: Compute osmotic pressure of a glucose solution.
15. Effect of Catalysts: Analyze equilibrium rates with a catalyst.
16. Van’t Hoff Factor: Determine i for NaCl.
17. Boiling Point Elevation: Find the boiling point of a solution containing non-volatile
solute.
18. Enthalpy and Equilibrium Constant: Compute K from ΔH.
19. Partial Pressure Calculation: Find equilibrium partial pressures in a gas reaction.
20. Colligative Properties: Determine freezing point depression.
21. Ka and Kb Relationship: Compute pH of a weak base solution.
22. pH of Mixed Solutions: Find final pH after mixing strong acid and weak base.
23. Reaction Feasibility: Use Gibbs free energy to determine if a reaction occurs.
24. Arrhenius Equation: Compute activation energy for a reaction.
25. Electrochemistry Problem: Find cell potential for a galvanic cell.
26. Chemical Kinetics Calculation: Determine reaction rate constant using given data.
27. Ionization Constant of Water: Calculate Kw at different temperatures.
28. Vapor Pressure Calculation: Compute vapor pressure of a solution.
PDF 6 (kech106.pdf) - First 19 Important Examples
1. Dynamic Equilibrium: Derive equilibrium constant expression.
2. Pressure Effects: Predict equilibrium shifts with pressure changes.
3. Equilibrium Concentrations: Solve for missing values.
4. Reaction Spontaneity: Compute ΔG at various temperatures.
5. Solubility and Equilibria: Calculate molar solubility.
6. Temperature and Equilibrium: Predict K variation with T.
7. Ionic Strength: Compute for different electrolytes.
8. Weak Acid Dissociation: Calculate % ionization.
9. Weak Base Hydrolysis: Find pH of NH₄OH solution.
10. Effect of Dilution: Predict ionization shifts.
11. Buffer Capacity: Compute effectiveness of a buffer.
12. pH of Mixed Solutions: Determine final pH of combined acids and bases.
13. Equilibrium Shifts: Predict changes in K under stress.
14. Solubility of Salts: Determine effect of common ions.
15. Gas Equilibrium Pressures: Calculate partial pressures.
16. Free Energy Changes: Compute spontaneity criteria.
17. Entropy Relations: Analyze ΔS changes.
18. Van’t Hoff Factor: Determine effect on colligative properties.
19. Reaction Rates: Use equilibrium data to find reaction rate.
