Internet Connectivity and Academic Performance Among Senior High School

Students

A Research Study Presented to the

Faculty of Dr. Vicente F. Gustilo Memorial National High School

Senior High School Department

Cadiz City

In Partial Fulfilment

of the Requirement for the Course

Practical Research 2

Hanna M. Dairocas

Mark Aries C. Denayon

Eleno M. Sadia

12- HUMSS Salinger

October 2021
 Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

With a current worldwide estimated population of 7.8 billion, approximately 4.93 billion people

have access to and use of the internet frequently. This means that 63.2% of the world population uses the

internet (ITU, 2021). The Internet is a global computer-based information system composed of

many interconnected computer networks. Each network may link tens, hundreds, or even thousands of

computers, enabling them to share information and processing power.

The internet is a technology that has become an enormous part of people’s daily lives. Over the

last decades, internet connectivity has improved tremendously and is available everywhere (Yebowaah,

Franklina Adjoa MS, 2018). The Internet represents the greatest collection of human knowledge and has

enabled many communities in the world to manage communication and solve problems faster than other

communities. With the Internet access in education, a wide range of ideas, teaching and learning

resources, techniques and innovations have been widely shared. As it has been pondered, the internet

has changed the way teacher teach and the way students learn and do school academic work.

However, the internet access and use among Senior High school students contribute to their

academic work and improves their final grades.

Internet connectivity can improve the quality of education in many ways. It opens doorways to a

wealth of information, knowledge and educational resources, increasing opportunities for learning in, and

beyond the classroom. In this time of pandemic, teachers used online materials to prepare lessons, and

students to extend their range of learning. But given a Department of Education (DepEd) survey showing
that, of the 6.5 million students who have access to the internet, approximately 20 percent use computer

shops or other public places to go online. Worse, 2.8 million students have no way of going online at all.

In the Philippines, the internet is presently being used as a source of teaching and learning materials. Most

private and some public school, especially the Senior High School Students of Dr. Vicente F. Gustilo

Memorial National High School. But some of them are having breakdowns not only because of family

issues, but also because they are unable to attend their online classes, and some of them do not have

enough funds to support their online class demands, such as smart phones, computers, and especially the

internet. Thus, affecting their academic performance.

The digital inequality in Internet existed in school, home and Internet café and students with

Internet access at home had the highest level of internet self- efficacy ( Ling Zhao et al. 2010). In rural

areas have been significantly less likely to expect teachers to provide instruction during the COVID-19

pandemic. Schools with higher concentrations of students from low-income households have been less

likely to expect teachers to provide real-time lessons, track students’ attendance, or grade their

assignments. The COVID-19 crisis showed access to computers and the internet are now critical to

children’s ability to access education, and underscores the urgent need for a national effort to close these

gaps, once and for all. One critical driver of these disparities between school systems is the digital divide:

the inability of students to do schoolwork at home due to lack of internet or device access (Lake &

Makori, 2020)

As observed and was fermented in some studies that some students found this modality of learning

financially draining. Thus, the number of senior high school students being not able to keep up to the rest

of the class affecting their academic performance. The researchers aims to know how many senior high

school were struggling to perform their academic task when the pandemic hit and if the pandemic had an

impact to senior high school students’ academic performance. The output of this study is to help senior

high school students of Dr. Vicente F. Gustilo Memorial National High School to improve their academic

performance because in this time of pandemic, internet is presently being used as a source of teaching and

learning materials.
Statement of the problem

The main goal of this study is to determine whether the senior high school students’ Internet

connectivity challenges has a connection to senior high school students academic performance this

pandemic.

Specifically, the study aims to answer the following questions:

1. What is the profile of Grade 12 HUMSS section Salinger of Dr. Vicente F. Gustilo Memorial

National High School in terms of:

1.1 Age

1.2 Sex

2. What is the level of internet connectivity challenges of Grade 12 HUMSS section Salinger of Dr.

Vicente F. Gustilo Memorial National High School?

3. What is the academic performance of Grade 12 HUMSS Salinger students of Dr. Vicente F.

Gustilo Memorial National High School?

4. Is there a significant relationship between internet connectivity challenges and academic

performance of Grade 12 HUMSS Salinger students of Dr. Vicente F. Gustilo Memorial National

High School?

Hypothesis

1. Is there no significant relationship between internet connectivity challenges and academic

performance of Grade 12 HUMSS Salinger students Dr. Vicente F. Gustilo Memorial National

High School?

Significance of the study

 The study's conclusions have far-reaching implications. Even students who had Internet

Connectivity, as well as those students who had problem with their internet connection may have failed to

overcome this challenge, according to this study. This research also showed that some pupils are working

hard to fulfill their goals as well as the goals of their families. Therefore the researchers will conducted

the study that will be beneficial to the following:

Senior high school students. As the main subject of the study aims to help the students to further

comprehend the connection whether there is a connection of internet connectivity of senior high school

students and their academic performance .

Parents. As one of the beneficiary, they will be aware that internet connectivity is a factor that

affects their child's academic performance.

Teachers. This study will help them be aware about the struggle of students who are having

problem with their academics this school year.

Department of Education. This study aims to become a wake up call to the officials of the

Department of Education (DepEd) that education is no longer reachable accessible to other students,

especially those who are from a rural community and has a poor internet connectivity.

Scope of the study

The study aims to determine the relationship between the variables, internet connectivity and

senior high school students' academic performance. This research will be limited to determining the

situations of students with internet connectivity in connection of senior high school students' academic

performance in these new distance learning education system. The respondents of the study are the Grade

12 senior high school students of Section HUMSS Salinger with a total of 40 students of Dr. Vicente F.

Gustilo Memorial National High School during the school year 2021-2022. Correlational research design

is used in conducting the study in order to determine the relation between senior high school students'
academic performance and internet connectivity. To identify the students’ profile, internet connectivity

challenges, and academic performance, printed questionnaires will be sent to students for them to answer.

Definition of terms

The following terms are operationally and conceptually explained for a better understanding of the

terms used in the study:

Academic Performance is the extent to which a student, teacher or institution has attained their

short or long-term educational goals. Completion of educational benchmarks such as secondary school

diplomas and bachelor's degrees represent academic achievement ([Link], n.d.). In the study the

academic performance will be the dependent variable where it's result can be affected by the independent

variable.

Internet Connectivity is the ability of individuals and organizations to connect to the internet

using computer terminals, computers, and other devices ([Link], n.d.). In this study it is use as the

factor of student dropout.

Senior High School is a secondary school that students attend in the three or four highest grades

before college ([Link], n.d.). In the study it is the level of students that the study focuses on.

Review of related literature

The emergence of Covid-19 pandemic undoubtedly resulted in devastating socio-economic

challenges across the world (Zethembe Mseleku, 2020). The sudden turn of events gradually affect the
students' academic performance in our country when the pandemic struck. In order to protect the health

and well-being of the students and teachers, the Department of Education (DepEd) came up with the idea

of the new distance learning education system.

The sudden change of the education system gradually affect the students academic performance

in school. Simply because of the lack of internet access and gadgets, making it difficult for students to

keep up with the sudden change of the education system. In just a snap of a finger internet became a vital

part of a student’s education. This phenomenon is causing a lot of difficulties especially as voiced out by

students in the context of developing countries (Rotas & Cahapay, 2020). The educational setbacks can

have significant impacts on academic success, college admissions and career opportunities (Johannes

Bauer et al., 2020). As the continue of this new distance learning education system and the lack of

internet connectivity means the continue of senior high school students failing in class.

Internet

The internet is a larger network that allows computer networks controlled by enterprises,

governments, schools, and other organizations all over the world to communicate with one another (Ian

Sample, 2018). As a result, there are a tangle of cables, computers, data centers, routers, servers,

repeaters, satellites, and Wi-Fi towers that allow digital data to go around the world.

According to (Franklina Adjoa Yebowaah, 2018), internet is a technology that has grown

ingrained in many people's daily lives. Over the years, Internet connectivity has greatly increased over the

last few decades and is now available almost everywhere, including as well as residences, offices, travels,

and schools. Access to information is now widely reported in empirical investigations.

The Internet is the most sought-after information and communication technology that has ushered

in a worldwide revolution in the information landscape (Siraj et al. 2015). It enables students to extend

their academic knowledge, conduct research, and complete projects by providing quick access to

information and connection with their academic community. Although there are numerous advantages to

using the Internet, there is rising worry about the dangers of excessive use. In today's world, the internet is
the most widely used medium needed information and communication technology that ushered in a

paradigm shift in the information landscape. According to the (Internet World Stats, 2021), as of January

2021 there were 4.66 billion active internet users worldwide - 59.5 percent of the global population. Of

this total, 92.6 percent (4.32 billion) accessed the internet via mobile devices.

The use of the internet on campus and in society has grown, and it has become an integral aspect

of student life (Chou et al. 2005). Teachers often use the internet to lay out their teaching materials (Jones

and Madden 2002).

The internet provides users with a greater understanding of the relevance of the world around

them. The internet serves as a distribution platform for a variety of data. Internet consumption will

continue to rise as long as individuals have simple access to it (Olatokun, 2008). According to recent data,

users can use the internet to access information sites as well as other sites such as social media sites,

online gaming, and cyber-sex (Siraj et al. 2015).

Now, for information management, information search, communication, research, and learning,

the Internet has become a crucial tool and is required by the knowledge-based society of today (Mohd

Sazili Shahibi, 2017). The Internet allows us to live in a world without boundaries. People will be able to

receive a variety of information, including the most up-to-date information, more quickly and effectively

thanks to the usage of internet technology. The Internet is beneficial to the entire globe, particularly to

students. The global expansion of the Internet has provided many chances to many people all over the

world in a variety of ways (Nazan Dogruer, 2011). When it comes to students, the Internet is primarily

used for social and recreational purposes. However, it is self-evident that the Internet not only facilitates

social interaction and amusement, but also gives intellectual and scientific information. Furthermore, the

Internet may be used to keep up with the newest news from across the world, as well as to obtain any type

of information for a variety of objectives, such as learning more about a hobby or health.

Internet is indeed a powerful tool for academics students and researchers. The Internet has been

shown to influence the academic performance of students at the tertiary level. The influence of the
Internet on academic performance as shown in available literature has showed that it could be positive

and/or negative.

It is also one of the most significant recent advancements in the field of information technology,

and it has shown to be a beneficial tool in the process of transforming the world into a global village. It is

a universal truth that internet use has a significant impact on a student's academic career. In recent years,

the usage of the Internet has grown in popularity in a variety of fields, including education. As a result,

Internet connectivity in schools has skyrocketed in the previous two decades (Berson, 2000).

Internet Use

The use of internet grants its users great awareness of the importance of the world around them.

The internet is a platform for several types of information. Internet usage will continue to grow as long as

its users are not denied easy access (Olatokun, 2008). Recent statistics indicate that the internet gives

people the option to access information sites as well as other sites such as social media sites, internet

games, and cyber-sex (Siraj et al. 2015). A study by Ellore et al. (2014) on the influence of internet usage

on academic performance and face to face communication revealed that as a result of the availability of

internet, most students have had access to internet on their cellphones. This helps students to broaden

their academic knowledge (Siraj, et al., 2015).

The use of computer and access to online resources according to Akende and Bamise (2017) are

comparatively important to students. Yesilyurt et al. (2014) showed that access to a home computer and

internet connection contributes to students’ academic performance as well as self-learning skills.

Olatokun (2008) indicated that most students believed the internet to be far better and convenient than

their school libraries.

The study pointed out that students see the internet as a source for general knowledge, and it

really helps them improve their reading habits leading to an improvement in their academic performance.

Siraj et al. (2015) affirmed that students perceived the internet as a supplement for learning and thus
contributes to higher academic feat. Ogedebe (2012) agreed that majority of students obtain relevant

information such as academic materials from the internet. This suggests that students use the internet to

enhance their study. Sahin et al. (2010) examined the use of internet resources by university students

during their course projects study. They argued that the use of trustworthy internet resources is of vital

importance for academic study, especially in higher class courses which require an academic review of

literature. Internet use for educational purpose is found by Kim (2011) to be the habit of adolescent

academic achievement.

A study conducted by Ruth and Adedotun (2015) posted that the source and access to information

can influence the academic performance of secondary school students. Not withstanding the importance

attached to internet use and academic performance, Olatokun (2008) in Nigeria maintains that secondary

school students use the internet for leisure rather than educational purposes. According to Olatokum

(2008) the students used the internet primarily for communication, entertainment and leisure (reading and

sending e-mails, online chatting, instant messaging, playing games and downloading music videos, and

reading newspapers). Similarly, Sahin et al. (2010) noted that while university students frequently use

email and forum/chat-line in their daily life, they do not use them in their studies. Ngoumandjoka (2012)

found that the internet is not mostly used for academic purpose rather for recreational activities.

A similar work by Singh et al. (2013), brings to fore that students are more into the use of the

internet but in reality they are using it mainly for non-academic purposes like mailing, gaming and social

networking. This led to losses in their study schedules. This brings to the fore the controversy among

empirical studies on the influence of internet use on the academic performance of students. As the internet

has become an integral part of today’s life, Singh et al. (2013) observed that it should be used as a tool for

communication and acquiring of knowledge rather than habit forming addiction. Colleges and universities

are therefore urged to educate students about the possible negative impacts of high rate of recreational

internet use on academic success (Bragdon and Dowler, 2016).

Impact of Internet
 According to Singh et al. (2013), because of non-focused approach (mailing, gaming and social

networking) as well as diversity of knowledge on the internet on particular topics, students tend to waste

time on the internet. Evidence from Denizli on the effects of technological devices on student’s academic

success suggested that most students have been late in submitting their assignments because they spend

more time on social media instead of doing their homework (Yesilyurt et al., 2014). However, Singh et al.

(2013) found that students with focused approach go deep in subject and primarily use internet for

academic purpose. These students do not waste time because of proper management of time, focus of

search areas and reducing the social networking sites to minimum. Despite great concerns over excessive

internet use, Siraj et al. (2015) concluded that high internet usage brings better academic results as

students get the opportunity to enter the information world.

Ngoumandjoka (2012) further argued that the more the internet is used for academic work the

more it is perceived to exert a positive influence on academic grades. A number of authors (e.g Torres-

Diaz et al., 2016) equally agreed that internet usage has a positive impact on academic performance. They

opined that students who tend to use the internet more on educational materials are less likely to fail their

examinations. Therefore, the disadvantages of lack of access to internet surpass the advantages. Also

people who perform interactive activities

with peers and teachers or when they make a balance use of internet tools for their course work tend to

have greater academic performance (Torres-Diaz et al., 2016).

Internet has become a daily commodity in most people’s lives. However, the addictive-like

features of the internet make any individual who excessively use it a potential victim of its negative

effects. Some of its negative effects include impaired sleeping patterns, social relationships break-ups, job

losses, mental and physical health as well as poor academic performance (Ngoumandjoka, 2012).

According to Austin et al. (2011) students that use the internet at school and at home (moderate use)

produce higher grades than those that do not use the internet. Also students that only use the internet at

school (light users) obtained lower grades compared to those that did not use the internet.
Despite great concerns over excessive internet use, Siraj et al. (2015) concluded that high internet usage

brings better academic results as students get the opportunity to enter the information world.

It is reported that addiction to internet is a good protector for student’s social skills and academic

achievement (Mami and Hatami-Zad, 2014). This supports the idea that control use of internet can have

positive influence on student’s academic performance (Torres-Diaz et al., 2016; Ellore et al., 2014;

Kakkar, 2014). Moreover, it is necessary that students are taught how to use computer facilities to search

for valid information relating to their academic work (Mami and Hatami-Zad, 2014; Aitokhuehi et al.,

2014). As a result, it is necessary that government and stakeholders make available computer sets with

internet facilities to all secondary schools for students and teachers to use in the teaching and learning

process to enhance academic performance (Aitokhuehi et al., 2014).

Challenges in Accessing the Internet

The unexpected change to online learning became a measure of organizational agility (Wu,

2020), with several academic institutions focusing primarily on the transfer of educational content to the

digital world rather than on online teaching and delivery methods. Nonetheless, it served as a reminder of

the lack of resources in academic institutions and the social marginalization of students, where

insufficient internet access and availability, as well as a lack of up-to-date technology, resulted in

students' social marginalization (Zhong, 2020). Another big issue with online learning is the lack of

sufficient interaction with instructors.

This current situation is unique; unlike conventional digital learning situations, it is more

appropriately crisis learning, as some may claim (Pace, Pettit, & Barker, 2020). Academic institutions

have a greater need to update their curriculum, and the use of new instructional methods and tactics

should be prioritized (Toquero, 2020). Educational institutions are also hubs for social connections and

activities. Many children and young people will miss out on social interaction-based activities that are

crucial for growth and learning if educational programs are discontinued.

 Concerns about any of the online school's material are typically addressed by e-mail to the

relevant course instructor, requiring a response time (Zhong, 2020). Virtual classes will not appeal to

those who want to learn by touch. Traditional classroom socializing is another major missing in online

learning. Because students only communicate with their peers through digital methods and never meet in

person, the digital learning environment limits real-time sharing of ideas, knowledge, and information.

Students should continue to learn, especially disadvantaged children and young adults, who are

both affected by school closures, thus this is a major issue that must be addressed. While temporary

closures of academic institutions as a result of emergencies are not new, the worldwide extent and pace of

today's educational instability are tragically unprecedented, and if continued, may cause psychological

discomfort and sorrow at multiple levels (McCarthy, 2020).

Olatokun (2008) noted that the greatest obstacles to the full exploitation of the internet are

inadequate access, inherent risks and problems such as pornography, scams among others. Though

evidence showed that students have interest in internet resources than other sources, they have been

challenged (Sahin et al., 2010). Therefore, it is necessary that internet access is made available at all hours

and instructors or lectures should refer students to educational websites for more relevant information

(Osunnade, 2003).

It has been found that internet access is low among senior high school students. Apart from

access, it is disheartening to note that some students cannot even operate a computer despite the number

of years spent in secondary school (Samual, 2010). Meanwhile, the internet can be used for knowledge

acquisition by serving as an alternative to outdated books (Osunade, 2003). However, access to a

computer and internet connection contributes to students’ academic performance (Yesilyurt et al. 2014).

There is a significant difference in the academic performance of students with internet access and those

without internet access. Taking into account the positive and negative impacts of the internet, Yesilyurt et

al. (2014) opined that the positive influence outweighs the negative impacts.

Academic performance is the dependent variable in our study, and it is defined as a student's

overall academic achievement during the course of his or her academic career. If a student's GPA has
remained consistent throughout time, his or her academic achievement at SHS level is deemed

satisfactory. External influences, such as internet connectivity challenges, can nonetheless, have an

impact on a student's academic achievement. In light of this, our goal is to look into the challenges of

internet connectivity on student academic performance and see if there is a connection between internet

connectivity challenges and the senior high school students' academic performance.

Academic Performance

Without students, a school has no value. Any educational institution's most valuable asset is its

students. The country's social and economic prosperity is inextricably connected to student academic

achievement. The performance of students (academic achievement) is critical in creating the highest

quality graduates who will serve as outstanding leaders and manpower for the country, and thus be

responsible for the country's economic and social progress (Ali [Link], 2009). God-gifted talents, best

teachers and best schooling augment the academic performance and students’ motivation is prerequisite

for students’ accomplishment.

At whatever level of education, the basic goal of teaching is to affect a fundamental change in the student

(Tebabal & Kahssay, 2011). Teachers should use appropriate teaching approaches that best suit specific

objectives and level exit outcomes to facilitate the process of information transmission. In contrast to

student-centered methods, many teaching practitioners in the conventional epoch frequently used teacher-

centered methods to convey knowledge to learners. It assists the students' administration in developing

and implementing policies to increase student performance and educational quality by changing students'

attitudes toward learning, assisting students, and enhancing instructional procedures. Parents can use the

study's findings to help their children handle problems, particularly financial problems, and to look after

them. It may also raise student understanding of their rights and duties in order to get a high-quality

education.

Academic performance is influenced by a variety of factors, including stress and motivation. It is

crucial for senior high school students as they approach college life and because improved academic
achievement leads to better life opportunities. According to Noson & Shastri (2016), anything that offers

a challenge or a threat to a person's well-being is referred to be stress. It can be felt anywhere, both at

home and at school. Academic stress affects students the greatest because they are exposed to a variety of

stressors academic pressures, for example, and a responsibility to succeed.

Academic achievement of students is determined by two types of influences. These are internal

and external classroom variables that have a significant impact on students' performance. Students'

English proficiency, learning facilities, assignments, the classroom environment, the role of the teacher in

the classroom, and technology utilized in the classroom and test systems are all examples of internal

classroom factors. Extracurricular activities, family problems, work, and financial, social, and other

problems are all examples of external classroom factors. According to research, student performance is

influenced by a variety of elements such as learning facilities, gender and age inequalities, and so on

(Hansen, Joe B, 2000).

Benefits of Internet

Students' access to and usage of information at school and at home is being transformed by the

Internet (Maya B Eagleton, 2002). The sense of empowerment and the satisfaction of having a shared

environment with fellow classmates were the most often mentioned benefits. The relevance of a face-to-

face interaction, the challenges of the on-line text-based medium, the influence of learning and

temperament styles, and the development of computer-supported collaborative learning chances are

among the conclusions obtained.

The global expansion of the Internet has provided many chances to many people all over the

world in a variety of ways (Nazan Dogruer, 2011). When it comes to students, the Internet is primarily

used for social and recreational purposes. However, it is self-evident that the Internet not only facilitates

social interaction and amusement, but also gives intellectual and scientific information. However, it is
self-evident that the Internet not only facilitates social interaction and amusement, but also gives

intellectual and scientific information. Furthermore, the Internet may be used to keep up with the newest

news from across the world, as well as to obtain any type of information for a variety of objectives, such

as learning more about a hobby or health. As a result, the Internet can be described as a means of rapidly

disseminating knowledge to a large audience while also transcending time and space constraints.

The gap between their opinions toward "devotion to democracy" and "qualities of democracy,"

according to the goal of utilizing the Internet by student instructors, is substantial. In terms of the benefits

supplied by the Internet, the difference in their attitudes toward "devotion to democracy" is also

noteworthy. Educational possibilities, and social networks are closed to persons who do not have access

to computers and the Internet.

Internet and Academic Performance

Academics, students, and researchers can benefit greatly from the Internet (Peter M Ogedebe,

2012). The Internet has been found to have an impact on students' academic achievement at the

postsecondary level. According to the existing literature, the Internet's impact on academic performance

can be both positive and detrimental.

As technology use continues to rise, especially among young individuals, there are concerns that

excessive use of technology may impact academic performance. Student accomplishment issues are

frequently addressed in academic studies and the media, thus educators must be aware of and examine

elements associated to student achievement, such as achievement motivation and attitude (KA Bakar &

RA Tarmizi, 2010).

The impact of technologies like the Internet on human capital accumulation is a hotly debated

topic. The Internet and linked services, like most media, can provide enriched learning experiences.

However, there are significant potential expenses associated with utilizing the Internet and its associated

services, which could negatively impact high school students' academic performance. Several research

studies have been conducted across the world examining the effect of internet connectivity on the

academic performances of students.

(Luambano and Nawe, 2004), conducted a similar study on Internet Use by University of Dar es Salaam

Students. The goal of the study was to see if students were using the Internet for academic purposes, as

well as to look into how much access they had to the Internet and what problems they had with it.

Students primarily utilize the internet for academic reasons, social networking, and other beneficial

objectives, according to the report. The Internet has a positive influence (Asdaque, Khan, and Rizvi,

2010). And a research was done by (Parveen Khan, 2018), reveals that both male and female students

have similar attitudes toward using the internet and believe that it makes their studies more convenient,

useful, and improves their learning skills. It aids in the improvement of their grades. The study reveals

that while using the internet, students face a number of issues, including a lack of power, impairment of

eyesight and critical thinking, and shoulder pain, and many others.

Previous research hasn't looked into every aspect of the internet challenges and how it affects

students' academic performance. The goal of these study is to see how internet connectivity issues affect

the academic achievement of grade 12 HUMSS Salinger students of Dr. Vicente F. Gustilo Memorial

National High School. In order to fully understand the connection between internet connectivity issues

and academic performance.

Although the internet has both positive and negative features, many students use it on a regular

basis. Many research have been undertaken over the years on the impact of internet connectivity on

student academic achievement, and the results show a high correlation between the two factors.

Theoretical Framework

This study is anchored from the Interaction in distance education and online learning (Philip C

Abrami et al., 2012). The relevance of three types of contact was quantitatively verified: among students,

between the teacher and students, and between students and course content. In this chapter, they go

deeper into these findings, describe study methodology, and propose ways to use the findings to improve

instruction. Several evidence-based approaches are highlighted that could be effective in the next

generation of distant and online learning. Concepts and applications derived from self-regulation and
multimedia learning theories, research-based motivating principles, and collaborative learning principles

are among them.

Because the internet is used in educational settings on a regular basis, its use among secondary

school students should be used responsibly in order to achieve academic achievement. Secondary-

education teachers must develop an understanding of the extent to which incoming students have access

to and use the internet at home in order to tailor their instruction to the needs of all students (Downes,

2002), as well as familiarize themselves with the digital skills students bring to the learning situation.

Conceptual Framework

The conceptual model shows that the independent variable which is the Internet

connectivity challenges affects the dependent variable which senior high school students’

academic performance. This shows that the two variables have a significant connection to each

other. And the Independent variable is the presume cause for the Dependent Variable’s result to

change.

Conceptual model

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Internet Questionnaire will be Senior High School

handed out to the
Connectivity students' Academic
respondents through the
Challenges performance
use of social medias,

such as messenger.
 Chapter 2

METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents Research Design, Respondents of the study, Research instrument,

Validity and Reliability of the Research instrument, Sampling procedure, Data Gathering

Procedure, Data Analysis, and Ethical Consideration.

Research Design

The present study followed the quantitative approach, the researcher used correlational

survey. A correlational research design investigates relationships between variables without the

researcher controlling or manipulating any of them. A correlation reflects the strength and/or

direction of the relationship between two (or more) variables. The direction of a correlation can

be either positive or negative (Pritha Bhandari, 2021). This method is appropriate in this study

since it investigates the relationship of Internet connectivity and academic performance of grade

12 HUMSS Salinger students, at Dr. Vicente F. Gustilo Memorial National High School.

Respondents of the Study

The respondents of the study are the Grade 12 HUMSS Senior high school students,

section Salinger of Dr. Vicente F. Gustilo Memorial National High School Year2021-2022.

Research Instrument

The researchers use survey questionnaires in gathering the data from the respondents.
A questionnaire is a research instrument that consists of a set of questions or other types of

prompts that aims to collect information from a respondents ([Link]).

Validity of research instruments

Validity refers to how accurately a method measures what it is intended to measure

([Link]). In order to check the validity of the research instruments used in the study, the

researchers messaged their subject teacher in Practical Research 2 through messenger and, later

on, were asked to personally talk with their subject teacher. After the subject teacher approves

the research instruments, the researchers will find three (3) professionals teachers to validate the

self-made survey questionnaire.

The questionnaire has three (3) parts, where the first part contains the respondents' profile, such

as their names, age, sex, and academic final average. The second part of the survey questionnaire

is where the question regarding the internet serve that the respondents use will be found. The last

part is where the questions regarding the research questions can be found.

In validating the survey questionnaire, Good and Skates will be used as a form to assess

the validation of the research instrument.

Reliability of research instruments

Reliability describes how far a particular test, procedure or tool, such as a

questionnaire, will produce similar results in different circumstances, assuming nothing else has

changed (Robert and Priest, 2006). Research survey questionnaire was sent out to 40 students of

Grade 12 HUMSS section Salinger of Dr. Vicente F. Gustilo Memorial National High School to

answer the questions on the survey.

Sampling procedure

The researchers did not apply any sampling procedures in the study.

Data Gathering Procedure

In the conduct of the study, the researchers will use Messenger and Facebook to

disseminate the survey form since face-to-face engagement is still prohibited. The researcher

will first communicate with the target respondents and correspond with them through the whole

process of the survey through Messenger and Facebook. We will ensure that the respondents

really understand the questions, instructions, etc.

A statistical method will be used to calculate the quantitative replies. The results will be

examined, presented, and interpreted in light of the scientific problem that was established at the

start of the research.

Data Analysis

The data obtained was appropriately documented, processed, and presented in

accordance with the study's objectives. Quantitative response will be computed using statistical

analysis

For problem no. 1, which is asked, What is the profile of Grade 12 HUMSS section Salinger of Dr.

Vicente F. Gustilo Memorial National High School in terms of age and sex, the researchers will use

frequency and percentage.

For problem no. 2, which is asked, What is the level of internet connectivity challenges of Grade 12

HUMSS section Salinger of Dr. Vicente F. Gustilo Memorial National High School, the researchers will

use standard deviation.

For problem no. 3, which is asked, What is the academic performance of Grade 12 HUMSS Salinger

students of Dr. Vicente F. Gustilo Memorial National High School, the researchers will use standard

deviation

For problem no. 4, which is asked, Is there a significant relationship between internet connectivity

challenges and academic performance of Grade 12 HUMSS Salinger students of Dr. Vicente F. Gustilo

Memorial National High School, the researchers will use Pearson r.

Ethical Consideration

Privacy and anonymity of the respondent’s profile will be guaranteed in this research

study. The identity of the respondents and the results will be treated in a confidential manner.

Informed consent will be given and will be accomplished by the respondent’s information,

informing them of the nature of the study and stipulating that they can withdraw from the source

of the survey.