Notes – 16 Anatomy & Physiology

1. All Gland Of The Budy BN1

2. All Gland Body N16
3. All Gland Body N16
4. Bone Structure BN1
5. Bone BN1
6. Blood BN2
7. Bone Structure N16
8. Cardiac Cycle N16
9. Cardio-Vascular System N16
10. Cell BN1
11. Cell Division BN1
12. Cell Division N16
13. Cell Structure N16
14. Conducting System N16
15. Connective Tissue N16
16. Digestive System BN1
17. Digestive System N16
18. Epithelial Tissue N16
19. Eyes N16
20. Joints of Body N16
21. Joints BN1
22. Liver is Largest Internal N16
23. Muscle Tissue N16
24. Nephron N16
25. Neurons Tissue N16
26. Osteogenesis N16
27. Repiration N16
28. Ribosome BN1
29. Skeletal System N16
30. Skeletal System BN1
31. Urinary System N16

Notes – 15 Infection
1. Cellular & Tissue Changes
2. Healing Of Wound
3. Infections
4. Infection B1
5. Infections N2
6. Infections N2
7. Inflammation
8. Noshocomial Infection

NOTES:- 2 THE GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM

Anatomy & Physiology Notes:

1. General Overview of The Gastrointestinal System
 2. Gastrointestinal Motility
3. GI Tract Secretions
4. GI Tract Absorptions
5. Specific Structures Along The Gastrointestinal Tract
6. Hepatobiliary Anatomy & Physiology:
7. Nutrition Basics

NOTES:- 1 THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

Anatomy & Physiology Notes:

1. Anatomy Of The Heart

2. Electrophysiology Of The Heart
3. Electrocardiogram (ECG) Physiology
4. Mechanical Events Of The Cardiac Cycle
5. Cardio-Dynamics
6. Haemodynamics/Hemodynamics
7. Blood Pressure Physiology
8. Anatomy & Physiology Of Blood Vessels
9. Physiology of Hypertension
10. Physiology of Shock
11. Physiology of Myocardial Ischaemia / Ischemia
12. The Effects of Ageing On The Heart

NOTES:- 3 THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

Anatomy & Physiology Notes:

1. Anatomy Of The Thorax
2. Anatomy Of The Airways
3. Airway Mucosal Linings
4. Alveolar Gas Exchange & Gas Transport
5. The Physiology Of Breathing
6. Hemoglobin / Haemoglobin
7. Body Acid-Base Balance
8. Control Of Breathing
9. Foetal Lung Development & Transition To Extrauterine Life

NOTES:- 4 THE URINARY / RENAL SYSTEM

Anatomy & Physiology Notes:
1. Functional Anatomy Of The Urinary System
2. Renal Physiology
a. Step 1 – Glomerular Filtration
b. Step 2 – Tubular Reabsorption
c. Step 3 – Tubular Secretion
3. Micturition Reflex (Urination)
4. Role of The Kidneys In Fluid & Electrolyte Balance
5. Fluid Balance
6. Electrolyte Balance

NOTEs:- 5 MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM

Anatomy & Physiology Notes:
1. General Overview Of The Skeletal System
2. General Overview Of The Muscular System
3. General Muscle Physiology
4. Principles Of Biomechanics
5. Muscle Reflexes
6. Bones of The Skull
7. Bones of The Axial Skeleton
8. Bones of The Upper Limbs & Shoulder Girdle
9. Bones of The Lower Limbs & Pelvic Girdle
10.Muscles of The Axial Skeleton
11.Muscles of The Upper Limbs & Shoulder Girdle
12.Muscles of The Lower Limbs & Pelvic Girdle
13.Innervation of The Upper Limbs & Shoulder Girdle
14.Innervation of The Lower Limbs & Pelvic Girdle
15.Blood Supply of The Upper Limbs & Shoulder Girdle
16.Blood Supply of The Lower Limbs & Pelvic Girdle

Notes:- 6 ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

1. Overview Of The Endocrine System

2. The Hypothalamus & Pituitary Gland
3. The Pineal Gland
4. The Thyroid Gland
5. Parathyroid Glands
6. The Adrenal Glands
7. The ‘Endocrine’ Pancreas
8. Calcium & Phosphate Homeostasis
9. Fluid & Electrolyte Homeostasis
10.Endocrine Regulation Of Growth
11.Physiological Response To Stress
12.Reproductive Endocrinology

NOTES:- 7 THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

Anatomy & Physiology Notes:

1. Embryonic Development of The Nervous System
2. Overview & Organisation of The Nervous System
3. Surface Anatomy of The Brain
4. Blood Supply of The Brain
5. Cranial Nerves
6. The Spinal Cord
7. Neuronal Physiology
8. Neurotransmitters
9. Neurobiology of Memories
10.Neurobiology of Emotions
11.Somatosensory Processing
12.Motor Processing
13.The Autonomic Nervous System
14.Pain & Nociception
15.Special Senses - Vision
16.The Tongue & Gustation (Taste)
17.Olfaction (Smell)
 18.Hearing And Equilibrium
19.Regional Anatomy Of The Nervous System
20.Important Clinical Neurological Things

NOTES:- 8 CLINICAL DERMATOLOGY

(BLUE = CLICKABLE HYPERLINK)
1. Overview Of Skin Structure & Function
2. General Principals Of Dermatology

NOTES:- 9 CLINICAL HAEMATOLOGY

Anatomy & Physiology Notes:
1. Blood: An Overview
2. Haematopoiesis
3. Red Blood Cells
4. Haemostasis/Hemostasis
5. The Role Of Blood In The Immune System
6. Blood Groups, Transfusion & Blood Products

NOTES:- 10 CLINICAL OBSTETRICS

1) Obstetric Definitions
2) Embryonic Sexual Development
3) Review Of Basic Female Reproductive Anatomy
4) Pregnancy
5) Maternal Physiologic Adaptations To Pregnancy
6) Emergency Contraception & Abortion
7) Rhesus Disease

NOTES:- 11 SEXUAL REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH

1. Review Of Male Urogenital Anatomy

2. Review Of Basic Female Reproductive Anatomy

NOTES:- 14 PHARMACOLOGY TOXICOLOGY

Pharmacology Notes:
1. Introduction To Clinical Pharmacology
2. Pharmacokinetics
3. Pharmacodynamics
4. Antimicrobial Therapy & Selective Toxicity
5. Anti-Arrhythmic Drugs

NOTES:- 16 MENTAL HEALTH PYSCHIATRY

Mental Health & Psychiatry Topics:
a) Human Emotions
b) Personality Theories
c) Thinking & Language
NOTES:- 17 IMMUNOLOGY RHEUMATOLOGY
Immunology & Rheumatology Topics:
1. Overview Of The Immune System
2. Antigens & Antibodies
3. Major Histocompatability Complexes
4. Cells Of The Immune System
 5. Functional Anatomy of The Important Secondary Lymphoid Organs
6. Innate Vs Adaptive Immune Responses
7. Rejection Immunology
8. Inflammation
9. Hypersensitivity & Allergy
10. Immunodeficiency
11. Immunity Against Infectious Organisms & Evasion of The Immune Response
12. Infection Immunology
13. Autoimmunity

NOTES:- 18 PUBLIC HEALTH & MICROBIOLOGY

a) Public Health Overview
b) Measuring Health Concepts
c) Health Behaviour
d) Changing Behaviour
e) Chronic Disease &Riskl Factors
f) Pandemics
g) Vaccination/Immunization
h) Basic Concepts Of Infectious Diseases
i) Microbiology: Prions
j) Microbiology: Viruses
k) Microbiology: Parasites
l) Microbiology: Bacteria
m) Notable Infective Diseases

Notes – 16 Microbiology
1. Acid Fast Staining
2. Ag- Ab Reaction
3. Antigen
4. AncylostomaDuodenale
5. AscarisLumbriocoids Fill
6. Aso Test Hindi
7. Culture Media & Types
8. Culture Methods
9. Cyanobacterium Diphtherias Hindi
10. Defination of Elisa
11. Electrophoresis
12. EnterobiusVermicularis
13. Escherichia Coli Hindi
14. Gram Staining
15. Gonorrhoeae
16. Fungus or Fungi
17. Immunity Types
18. Immunity Types English
19. Immunization-N2
20. Immunoglobulin English
21. Immunoglobulin Hindi
 22. Introduction
23. Filaria Parasites.
24. Maleia Parasite
25. MTB (Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
26. Neisseria Meningitis
27. Pneumococcal Bacteria.
28. Salmonella
29. Staphylococcus Bacteria
30. Streptococcus
31. Sterilization & Disinfection
32. Structure of Bacteria
33. Virus Structure & Classification
34. VDRL Hindi
35. Vibrio Hindi

Notes – 17 Biochemistry
1. Dialysis
2. Distilid Water
3. First Aid Kit
4. General Setty
5. Incubater
6. Laboratory Ethics And Responsibility
7. Meain Radioisotope
8. Normal Solutions
9. Osmosis
10. Separation of Serum
11. Si Unite Word
12. Cholesterol Hindi
13. Enzyme Classification
14. Enzyme Use
15. Ketone Body Hindi
16. Lipids 2.0
17. Lipoprotein In Hindi
18. Main Carbohydrate File
19. Main Glycolysiss Cycle
20. Main Krebs Cycle
21. Marasmus Disease
22. Protein
23. Urea Cycle
24. Vitamin

NOTES:- 19 CELL BIOLOGY BIOCHEMISTRY

Cellular Physiology & Biochemistry Topics:
1. 5 LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION IN THE BODY
 2. MOLECULAR BUILDING BLOCKS OF LIFE:
a. CARBOHYDRATES:
b. LIPIDS / FATS:
c. PROTEINS
d. NUCLEIC ACIDS
3. CELL STRUCTURE:
4. CELL MEMBRANE & TRANSPORT
5. CELLULAR METABOLISM
a. CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM
b. THE CITRIC ACID CYCLE (TCA) / ‘KREBS CYCLE’:
c. ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAINS / OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION:
d. AMINO ACID METABOLISM & THE UREA CYCLE
e. THE UREA CYCLE:
f. FATTY ACID METABOLISM
6. CELLULAR SIGNALLING
7. THE ‘CELL CYCLE’ & CELLULAR REPLICATION
8. REGULATION OF CELL FATE
9. CANCER, CELL DEATH & CELLULAR AGEING
10. EPITHELIAL TISSUES (MEMBRANES & GLANDS)
11. CONNECTIVE TISSUE:
12. MUSCLE TISSUE:
13. NERVOUS TISSUE
14. MEMBRANE POTENTIAL & EXCITABLE TISSUES
15. TISSUE INJURY & CELLULAR ADAPTATIONS
16. MICROBIAL DIVERSITY

NOTES:- 21 CLINICAL INVESTIGATIONS

NO INDEX
1. ECG –Leaning objectives
2. ECG Tutorials
3. Causes of Restrictive Ventilatory Defects
1) Interstitial Lung Disease
2) Interstitial pneumonitis
3) Fibrosis
4) Pneumoconiosis
5) Granulomatosis e.g.
6) sarcoidosis Pulmonary oedema
7) Space-Occupying Lesions
8) Tumour
9) Cysts
10) Pleural Diseases
11) Pneumothorax
12) Hemothorax
13) Pleural effusion, empyema
 14) Chest-wall Diseases
15) Injury
16) Kyphoscoliosis
17) Spondylitis
18) Extrathoracic Conditions
19) Obesity
20) Peritonitis
21) Ascites
22) Pregnancy
4. Liver Function Tests and Lipids – learning objectives
Functions of the Liver
Digestive function of the Liver
Jaundice
Metabolic Functions of the Liver
1. Proteins
2. Lipids
3. Glucose

5. Causes of Hepatic Cirrhosis

6. Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver (NAFL)
7. Haemochromatosis
lipids
8. Aetiology of Hyperlipidaemia
9. Obesity and Type II Diabetes
Glucose Metabolism
10. The Metabolic Syndrome
11. Disturbances of blood glucose levels
Hyperglycaemia
Hypoglycaemia
Haematology – learning objectives
12. FBC (The Full Blood Count )
Red cell Disorders
White cell Disorders
Platelet Disorders
13. Some Common Anaemias
a. Iron deficiency (IDA)
b. Anaemia of chronic disease
c. Anaemia of renal failure
d. Megaloblastic anaemia
Vitamin B12 Deficiency
Folate Deficiency
e. Anaemia caused by haemorrhage
a) ‘’HA’’ HAEMOLYTIC ANAEMIA
b) POLYCTHAEMIA/ERYTHROCYTOSIS (EXCESS RBCS)
c) Disorders of white cell numbers
Leukopenia
Leukocytosis
 d) PLATELETS
Thrombocytopaenia
Thrombocytosis
e) Coagulation
Thrombin
Warfarin
Heparin
14. RISK FACTORS FOR THROMBOEMBOLISM
15. Investigations for venous thromboembolism (VTE)
16. Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)
17. The laboratory investigation for DIC

6Renal Function Tests

Functions Of the kidney
Substances exerting an important influence on the kidney
ASSESSMENT OF RENAL FUNCTION
1. Blood test
G urea
G creatinine
G glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
Ɠ Electrolytes (venous blood)
Ɠ Osmolality (plasma) mmol/L 275 – 295
Ɠ Urea:Creatinine Ratio

2. URINE TESTS

a) ACUTE RENAL FAILURE

b) CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE (CKD)

SIADH (Syndrome of Inappropriate Secretion of Antidiuretic Hormone)

Nephrotic Syndrome
Electrolytes:- Potassium, sodium, calcium, phosphate, magnesium, chloride,
f. Anaemia of renal failure
g. Haemolytic anaemia