In Class Exercise 1

CHAPTER

6 WORK, POWER & ENERGY

Solutions

Sol.1 (a)
dx
v  3  8t  3t 2
dt
 v0  3m / s and v 4  19m / s
1
 
W  m v 42  v02 (According to work energy theorem)
2
1
 
  0.03  19 2  3 2  5.28 J
2

Sol.2 (b)
1 1
W  Fs  F  at 2 [from s  ut  at 2 ]
2 2
2
2 2
1  F   F t 25  1 25 5
 W  F  t2      J
2  m   2m 2  15 30 6

Sol.3 (b)

Sol.4 (c)
1 2
100  kx (given)
2
1 1
W 
2
 2
 2
k x 22  x12  k 2 x   x 2 
1 
 3   kx 2   3  100  300 J
2 

Sol.5 (d)
mgh p  t 2  103  60
P  m   1200 kg
t gh 10  10
mass 1200kg
As volume =  V  1. 2m 3
density 3 3
10 kg / m
Volume  1.2m 3  1.2  10 3 litre = 1200 litres

P 30  10 3
Sol.6 (c) Force produced by the engine F    10 3 N
v 30

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2 Work, Energy & Power

Forward force by engine  resistive force

Acceleration 
mass of car
1000  750 250 1
   m / s2
1250 1250 5

Sol.7 (c)
For Path OA, y  0
l

F   k( yiˆ  xˆj )
(a, a)

x
O (a,0)
 F  Kxˆj
S  a iˆ
 W 1  F .S  0
For Path AB, x = a
 F   kyî  Kaĵ
s  aˆj
 W 2  F .S  Ka 2
Total work done = W1  W 2   ka 2

Sol.8 (c)
150
P2  P1
100
 mV2  1.5 mV1  V2  1.5V1
1 1 1 9
 mV22  m( 1.5V1 ) 2  m V12
2 2 2 4
9
 K2  K1
4
5
Increase is k 1 or 125%
4

Sol.9 (a)
Force of friction  mg
retardation  g
Also v 2  2 ax & m 2 v 2  2 am 2 x  p 2  2  gm 2 x
P2
 
2 gm 2 x

Sol.10 (b)
If t 1 is the time required to accelerate the object from rest to v1  0 +at1

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In Class Exercise 3

v
a 1 .
t1
Velocity v at any time t
v1
v = u +at = .t
t1
v
Hence power is F . 1 .t
t1
v
But F  ma  m. 1
t1
v v mv12
Power = m 1 . 1 .t  .t
t1 t1 t12

Sol.11 (d)
Since V  2 g h ,V1  V2 …(1)
h
But for P, a  g sin  1 & S 
sin  1
A

h
2
1
1 2
S  ut  at gives
2
2S
t
a
h
2.
sin 1 2h
 t1  
g sin 1 g sin 2 1
2h 1 2h 1
or t1  . & t2  .
g sin 1 g sin  2
sin 1  sin  2  t1  t 2 …(2)

Sol.12 (a)
m v2
N  mg cos  
R
 cos N


mg cos 

mg sin 
m v2
N  mg cos   …(1)

Conservation of energy gives

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4 Work, Energy & Power

1
mg  (   cos  )mg  mv 2  m v 2  2mg  cos 
2
Putting in (1), N = 3 mg cos 

Sol.13 (b)
At any time ‘t’ m1V1  m 2V2
V m
V  1  2 …(1)
V2 m 1
1
m V2 2 2
K1 2 1 1 m V  m  m2  m
E   1  1   1    2 …(2)
K 2 1 m V 2 m 2  V2  m2  m1  m1
2 2
2
E m 2 m1
   1.
V m1 m2

Sol.l4 (a)
Area under P – X graph is

 P.dx   Fvdx  m.a.v.dx


dv dx
=  m. .v dx   m v 2 dv  v
dt dt
v
m( v 3  1)
In given case m v 2 dv 
 .
1
3
24
But as per graph given, Area is :  10  30
2
m( v 3  1)
  30  m( v 3  1)  90
3
90 90
 V3 1   63 V  4m / s .
m 10 / 7

Sol.15 (d)
F  2t & m  1 a  2t
4
d v  adt  ( v  u )  2t dt  16

0
Since u  0 , v  16m / s
Change in KE = work done
1 1
 W  .m v 2  0  .1. 16 2  128 J
2 2

Sol.16 (c)
Consider the movement of the block along the inclined path, making angle  with the
horizontal, through a small distance ds
Work done by friction

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In Class Exercise 5

ds
ds
dy

N F 
dx

friction
f mg

dx
dw  f .ds   mg cos  
cos 
=   mg dx
10
 W   mgdx   mg  10

0
 0.2  1  10  10  20J

Sol.17 (c)
Let x 0 = compression in spring when ‘m’ just moves. Then  mg  kx 0 …(1)
And from work Energy theorem:
1 1
KE   MV02 & W fr  W sp    M g x 0  Kx 02 (on Mass M)
2 2
1 2 1 2
Equating we get  Mgx 0  Kx 0  MV0
2 2
 mg
Putting value of x0  from (1)
K
2
 mg 1   mg  1
 Mg.  k,    MV02
k 2  k  2
2 2 2 g 2m  2 m 2 g 2
Multiplying by    V02
M k kM
 2m m 2   2 Mm  m 2 
or V02   2 g 2     2 g2
 


 K KM   KM 
( 2 M  m)m
 V0   g
KM

Sol.18 (a)
W
P  P.T  W Area under P - t curve = work . In the given graph, as t increases, area
T
under curve increases work done on particle is always +ve

Sol.19 (b)
In lift frame S = 0 because block does not move
 Work = 0
In ground frame, T  mg( a  0 ) & S  vt.
Work = mgvt (+ve)
As both Tension T and displacement are in same direction.

Sol.20 (b)
If V0  velocity of man wrt ground, just as he jumps,

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6 Work, Energy & Power

M
m v 0  MV  v 0  V
m
2
1 1 1 M  1
W  KE  mv 02  Mv 2  m V   Mv 2
2 2 2 m  2
1  M2 
= 
  M  v 2
2 m 

Sol.21 (c)
3
The x component of force, from the given graph is given by F  mx  c  Fx  x  10 .
4
Similarly, we can find y & z components and write
3   4  4 
F   x  10 i    y  20  j   z  16  kˆ
4   3  3 
dS  dxiˆ  dyˆj  d 2 kˆ
( 2 ,10 ,0 ) 2 10 0
3   4  4 
W   F .ds   x  10  dx   20  y dy   z  16  dz
  
 4   3   3 
( 0 ,5 ,6 ) 0 5 6
2 10 0
 3x 2   2y 2  2 2 
=   10 x    20 y     z  16 z
 8  0  3 
5
3 6
 12   150   72   43  287
=   20  100    96      50  72   J
8   3   3 2  2

Sol.22 (d)
Area under ( m  a )  x graph
Area under a  x graph =
m
Area under (F  x ) graph work
= 
m m
work
 20   work  40J .
2
Method II : a  0.4 x …. From graph
 F  ma  0.8x
10
w   f .dx
0
10 10
0.8x 2 
 w   0.8x dx    40 J
0
2 0

Sol.23 (c)

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In Class Exercise 7

m1

x2
m1 F
x1 m1 k

l0

m2 m2 m2

1 2 3
For m 2 to leave the ground, Kx 2  m 2 g ……..(1)
For applied F if x1 is compression, then F  m1 g  Kx1 ……..(2)
Considering conservation of energy for Position 2 & 3
1 1
Kx 12  k x 22  m 1 g( x 1  x 2 ) ....….(3)
2 2
 K ( x 1  x 22 )  2m 1 g( x 1  x 2 )
2

 K ( x 1  x 2 )  2m 1 g
Putting value of kx 1 from equation (2)
F  m1 g  kx2  2m1 g  kx2  F  m1 g ……(4)
Comparing (1) & (4) ( F  m1 g )  m 2 g
 F  ( m 1  m 2 ) g. In limiting case,
 F  (m 1  m 2 ) g

Sol.24 (d)
1,1 1,1 1
2
W1   F .dr   ( x y )dx   x dx because y  x
0 ,0 0 ,0 0
1
x3  1
=   J …….(1)
3 0 3
1
W 2  ( xy )dx  x 3 dx because y  x 2
  0
1
x4  1
   J ….(2)
4 0 4
Note :- In this case work is path dependent

Sol.25 (c)
Mass of water that flows in 1 sec = AV. D
A

Distance in 1 sec

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8 Work, Energy & Power

1 1
= KE  mv 2  AV 3 d
2 2
1
= (  0.1 2 ) ( 5 3 )( 1000)
2
= 1963 Joules / sec.

Sol.26 (c)
P
P  F .v  ( ma )v  a 
mv
dv P P
v   v 2 dv  .dS
dS mv m
s v2
P P 1
 ds 
 v
2
dv  .S  ( v 32  v13 )
m M 3
0 v1
m 3
S  
v  v13
3P 2

Sol.27 (d)
FS 1 / 3  aS 1 / 3  a  KS 1 / 3
dV V2 3
V  KS  1 / 3  VdV  KS 1 / 3 ds.   KS 2 / 3
dS 2 2
1 /3 1 / 3 1 /3
 VS . But P  F .V  PS .S
 P S 
Note : If FS 1 / 3 then
PS1

Sol.28 (d)
P  F.V = constant. Hence as V increases force decreases. But when the pulling force
decreases to "  mg" i.e. equal to frictional force, the net force on block is equal to zero. This
is the instant when block attains its maximum velocity.
 P  (  mg ).(Vmax )
P
 Vmax  .
 mg

Sol.29 (c)
From work – energy theorem KE  W net
2
1 3
 K F  K i  P.dt  mV 2 
 2t
2
.dt
2 0
2
t3 
 V2   4
2 0
 V  2m / s

Sol.30 A(b); B (c)

Method I : -
Let V = final velocity common to Block plank then COLM
 m 
 mV0  ( m  M )V  V   V0
mM

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In Class Exercise 9

Hence V0  V  0 Kinetic energy of block decreases, but of plank increases. Hence work
done by friction on block is – ve & on plank is +ve.
Method II : - for block direction of friction is is opposite to displacement, while for plank, it
is in the same direction. Hence work by friction on block is – ve but on plank is +ve

m
Sm
fr

fr

m Sm
[B] KE  W friction
2
1  m  1
  M  m . .V0   mV02  W friction
2 Mm  2
2 2
1 m v0 1
LHS = .  mV02
2 m M 2
1  m 
= mV02   1
2 m M 
1  M 
= mV02  
2 m M 
1 mM
=  .V02
2 mM


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