Aids and Appliances

✅ Introduction

Aids and appliances are external devices or equipment used to assist individuals with
physical disabilities, injuries, or medical conditions in performing daily activities, enhancing
mobility, and improving overall quality of life. They help in rehabilitation, functional
independence, and prevention of deformities.

🔑 Definition

Aids and appliances are external devices or tools designed to support, improve, or restore
the physical functions of individuals with temporary or permanent disabilities.

🎯 Objectives of Aids & Appliances

To improve the quality of life of patients.

To promote independence in daily activities.

To prevent deformities or complications.

To assist in mobility and communication.

To provide pain relief and comfort.

🔥 Classification of Aids & Appliances

Aids and appliances can be classified into various categories based on their purpose and
function:

Mobility Aids

👉 These aids help individuals move from one place to another.

✅ Examples:

Walking Stick

Crutches

Walkers

Wheelchairs

Tripod and Quadripod

Orthotic Devices

👉 Devices used to support or correct the function of a body part.

✅ Examples:

Ankle Foot Orthosis (AFO)

Knee Ankle Foot Orthosis (KAFO)

Lumbar Belts

Wrist Splints

Cervical Collar

Prosthetic Devices

👉 Artificial devices that replace missing body parts.

✅ Examples:

Artificial Limb (Leg or Arm)

Myoelectric Prosthesis

Cosmetic Hand Prosthesis

Communication Aids

👉 Devices that help individuals with speech or hearing impairments to communicate.

✅ Examples:

Hearing Aids

Speech Boards

Voice Amplifiers

Daily Living Aids

👉 These aids assist with daily self-care tasks.

✅ Examples:

Feeding Aids

Dressing Aids

Toilet Seat Raisers

Long-handled Brushes

Assistive Devices for Vision Impairment

👉 Devices that help visually impaired individuals to improve their vision.

✅ Examples:

Magnifying Glasses

Braille Books

Talking Watches

Environmental Control Aids

👉 These aids help individuals control electrical appliances or other systems at home.

✅ Examples:

Remote Control Systems

Automatic Bed Adjusters

Voice Control Devices

Pressure Relief Devices

👉 Used to prevent pressure ulcers in bedridden patients.

✅ Examples:

Air Mattress

Wheelchair Cushions

Sports and Recreational Aids

👉 Designed for people with disabilities to participate in sports and recreational activities.

✅ Examples:

Wheelchair for Sports

Prosthetic Limbs for Athletes

📌 Benefits of Aids & Appliances

1. Improves independence and confidence.

2. Enhances mobility and balance.
3. Prevents deformities and contractures.
4. Provides pain relief and support.
5. Improves quality of life.

💡 Selection of Aids & Appliances

Selection depends on:

1. Age of the patient

2. Medical condition
3. Type of disability
4. Patient’s daily needs
5. Cost and availability

🔍 Care & Maintenance of Aids & Appliances

Regular cleaning

Proper fitting and adjustments

Timely repair

Follow the manufacturer’s instructions

Periodic replacement if damaged

🔥 Summary

Aids and appliances play a crucial role in the rehabilitation process by helping individuals
with disabilities achieve maximum independence and functional capacity. They not only
improve the quality of life but also prevent further health complications. The correct
selection, proper fitting, and regular maintenance of these devices are essential for their
long-term benefits.

✅ Important Points to Remember

Proper training is necessary before using aids and appliances.

Regular follow-up is needed to check the effectiveness of the device.

Psychological support should be given to patients adapting to these devices.

Would you like me to add detailed labeled diagrams for each type of aid and appliance in
both English and Hindi? 📌

BIOMECHANICAL PRINCIPLES IN AIDS & APPLIANCES

(Detailed Explanation with Diagrams in English & Hindi)

✅ Introduction

Biomechanical principles play a significant role in designing, aligning, and fitting aids,
appliances, orthoses, and prostheses. These principles ensure that the device provides
optimal function, comfort, stability, and support to the patient without causing additional
stress or deformities.

🔑 What is Biomechanics?

Biomechanics is the study of the mechanical laws related to the movement, structure, and
function of the human body.

🎯 Importance of Biomechanics in Aids & Appliances

Provides proper alignment of the body part.

Helps in even weight distribution.

Prevents pressure sores and deformities.

Improves functional independence.

Reduces energy consumption during movement.

Procedures for Static & Dynamic Alignment of Aids & Appliances

✅ What is Alignment?

Alignment refers to the proper positioning of aids, appliances, orthoses, or prostheses to

ensure comfort, stability, and function.

🔥 Types of Alignment

Type Description

Proper positioning of the device when the patient is at rest or

Static Alignment
standing still.

Dynamic Proper positioning of the device when the patient is walking or

Alignment performing activities.

Static Alignment Procedure

Assess the patient’s posture and joint angles.

Proper measurement of the limb or body part.

Ensure equal weight distribution on both sides.

Maintain proper anatomical position of the joints.

Adjust the device without any pressure points.

Dynamic Alignment Procedure

Observe the patient during walking or movement.

Check for any abnormal gait patterns.

Ensure proper joint motion and balance.

Adjust the device to avoid tilting or pressure sores.

Final fitting with minor adjustments.

Splints / Orthoses for Spine, Upper & Lower Extremities

🔥 What are Orthoses?

Orthoses are external devices used to support, align, prevent, or correct deformities or
improve the function of movable parts of the body.

✅ Classification of Orthoses

Type Purpose Examples

Spinal Orthoses Support and align the spine Cervical Collar, Lumbar Belt

Upper Limb Orthoses Support arm or hand Cock-up Splint, Shoulder Sling

Lower Limb Orthoses Support leg or foot AFO, KAFO, Knee Braces

Biomechanical Principles of Orthoses

Three Point Pressure System

Load Distribution

Leverage System

Joint Axis Alignment

Weight Transmission

Static & Dynamic Alignment of Orthoses

Type of Static Dynamic

Orthosis Alignment Alignment

Neck in Proper head

Cervical
neutral balance without
Collar
position pain
Type of Static Dynamic
Orthosis Alignment Alignment

90° angle
Heel strike
AFO between
without foot drop
foot & leg

Knee in Prevents knee

KAFO
slight flexion hyperextension

Prostheses for Upper & Lower Limbs

🔑 What is a Prosthesis?

A Prosthesis is an artificial device that replaces a missing body part, such as an arm or leg.

✅ Types of Prostheses

Type Purpose Examples

Upper Limb Replaces missing hand or

Cosmetic Hand, Myoelectric Arm
Prosthesis arm

Lower Limb Below Knee Prosthesis, Above Knee

Replaces missing leg
Prosthesis Prosthesis

Biomechanical Principles of Prostheses

Weight Distribution

Joint Alignment

Energy Conservation

Stability during Walking

Pressure Relief

Static Alignment of Prostheses

Check for equal limb length.

Knee and ankle should be in a neutral position.

Proper weight-bearing points.

No tilting of the socket.

Dynamic Alignment of Prostheses

Observe gait pattern.

Check for equal step length.

No excessive tilting of the pelvis.

Adjust the socket for comfort.

💪 Common Materials Used in Aids, Appliances & Prostheses

Device Materials Used

Orthoses Plastic, Metal, Leather

Prostheses Aluminum, Titanium, Silicone

Splints Thermoplastic, Velcro

Care & Maintenance

Clean the device regularly.

Check for any loose screws or damage.

Proper fitting adjustments.

Replace worn-out parts.

🔍 Summary

Biomechanical principles are essential in the alignment and fitting of aids, appliances,
orthoses, and prostheses to ensure maximum comfort, stability, and function. Both static
and dynamic alignments are crucial to prevent complications and improve quality of life.
Regular follow-ups, proper training, and psychological support help patients adapt to these
devices.

🎯 Important Points to Remember

Proper measurement is key to the correct fitting of any device.

Regular alignment checks should be done every 3-6 months.

Psychological counseling is important for patients using prostheses.

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PROSTHESIS AND ORTHOSES

✅ Introduction
In the field of rehabilitation, prosthesis and orthoses are two essential medical devices that
help individuals with physical disabilities regain function, mobility, and independence. They
play a vital role in improving the quality of life of patients suffering from amputations,
deformities, or musculoskeletal disorders.

🔑 What is Prosthesis?

A Prosthesis is an artificial device that replaces a missing body part such as a limb, hand, or
foot.

Example:

Artificial Leg

Artificial Hand

Myoelectric Arm

🔑 What is Orthosis?

An Orthosis is an external device used to support, align, correct, or improve the function of a
body part.

Example:

Ankle Foot Orthosis (AFO)

Knee Ankle Foot Orthosis (KAFO)

Cervical Collar

🔥 Differences Between Prosthesis and Orthosis

Prosthesis Orthosis

Replaces a missing body part Supports or corrects an existing body part

Used after amputation Used for deformities, fractures, or weakness

Provides artificial limbs Provides external support

Improves cosmetic appearance Improves function and alignment

Prosthesis Orthosis

Examples: Artificial leg, Myoelectric hand Examples: AFO, Spinal Brace, Knee Braces

Classification of Orthoses and Prostheses

✅ Classification of Orthoses

Based on Body Region:

Spinal Orthoses – Cervical Collar, Lumbosacral Belt

Upper Limb Orthoses – Shoulder Sling, Cock-Up Splint

Lower Limb Orthoses – AFO, KAFO

Functional Orthoses – Foot Drop Splint, Knee Braces

Based on Function:

Supportive

Corrective

Protective

Functional

✅ Classification of Prostheses

Based on Amputation Level:

Upper Limb Prosthesis

Below Elbow Prosthesis

Above Elbow Prosthesis

Lower Limb Prosthesis

Below Knee Prosthesis

Above Knee Prosthesis

Based on Control System:

Cosmetic Prosthesis
 Myoelectric Prosthesis

Functional Prosthesis

Biomechanical Principles of Orthotic and Prosthetic Applications

🔥 Biomechanical Principles of Orthoses

Three Point Pressure System – Used to correct deformities.

Load Distribution – Distributes weight evenly on the body part.

Leverage System – Helps in joint movement.

Joint Axis Alignment – Prevents abnormal joint motion.

Energy Conservation – Improves walking efficiency.

🔥 Biomechanical Principles of Prostheses

Equal Weight Distribution

Alignment of Joint Axis

Socket Fit & Suspension

Pressure Relief System

Dynamic Balance during Walking

Indications of Orthotic and Prosthetic Application

✅ Indications of Orthoses

Fractures

Joint Deformities

Muscle Weakness

Foot Drop

Spinal Deformities

Cerebral Palsy

✅ Indications of Prostheses

Limb Amputation

Congenital Absence of Limb

 Trauma

Vascular Disease

Tumor Surgery

Psychological Aspects of Orthotic and Prosthetic Application

🔑 Psychological Effects on Patients

Fear of Disability

Low Self-Confidence

Depression

Social Isolation

💡 Role of Physiotherapist

Provide Emotional Support

Educate the patient about device usage

Encourage Early Mobilization

Help in Body Image Acceptance

Prescription & Designing of Footwear and Modifications

✅ Prescription of Footwear

Proper footwear is essential for patients with:

Diabetic Foot

Plantar Fasciitis

Flat Foot

Foot Deformities

🔥 Types of Orthopedic Footwear

Diabetic Footwear

Custom Insoles

Heel Wedges
 Arch Supports

Footwear Modifications

Modification Purpose

Heel Wedge Corrects foot alignment

Arch Support Supports flat feet

Rocker Sole Reduces pressure on forefoot

Shoe Raise Equalizes leg length

Care & Maintenance

Regular Cleaning

Periodic Adjustments

Proper Fitting Checks

Replace Worn-Out Parts

🔍 Summary

Orthoses and Prostheses are essential devices in rehabilitation that help individuals regain
independence and mobility. Proper biomechanical alignment, psychological support, and
regular follow-ups are necessary for the successful adaptation of these devices.

🎯 Important Points to Remember

Prosthesis replaces a missing body part.

Orthosis supports or corrects an existing body part.

Both devices improve the quality of life and mobility.

Psychological counseling is very important during the rehabilitation process.

Diagrams

Would you like detailed labeled diagrams for:

Types of Orthoses

Prosthetic Limb Designs

 Footwear Modifications

along with Hindi Labels? 📌

INTRODUCTION TO ORTHOSES – FOR SPINE, UPPER & LOWER LIMB/ SPLINTS

(Detailed Explanation with Diagrams in English & Hindi)

✅ Introduction to Orthotics

Orthotics is a branch of medical science that deals with the design, fabrication, and
application of devices (Orthoses) used to support, align, correct, or improve the function of
the musculoskeletal system.

🔥 Definition of Orthosis

According to WHO:

“Orthosis is an externally applied device used to modify the structural and functional
characteristics of the neuromuscular and skeletal system.”

💡 Purpose of Orthoses

Support the body part

Correct deformities

Immobilize joints

Assist in movement

Relieve pain

📌 Various Terminologies in Orthotics

Terminology Definition

Orthosis External device supporting a body part

Splint Temporary supporting device

Orthotic Related to orthosis

Terminology Definition

Donning Wearing the orthotic device

Doffing Removing the orthotic device

Check-out Final fitting & adjustment

II. Upper Limb Orthoses

🔥 What are Upper Limb Orthoses?

Upper limb orthoses are external devices used to support, correct, or improve the function
of the shoulder, elbow, wrist, or hand.

✅ Types of Upper Limb Orthoses

Type Purpose Example

Shoulder Orthoses Support shoulder Shoulder Sling

Elbow Orthoses Immobilize Elbow Hinged Elbow Brace

Wrist Orthoses Correct Wrist Deformity Cock-Up Splint

Hand Orthoses Support Hand Opponens Splint

Biomechanics of Upper Limb Orthoses

Three Point Pressure System

Leverage System

Joint Alignment

Load Distribution

✅ Indications

Fractures

Nerve Injuries

Contractures

Joint Deformities
Donning and Doffing Techniques

Donning: Secure the straps around the affected area.

Doffing: Unfasten the straps and gently remove the device.

Check-Out Procedures

Proper fitting without pressure points

Free joint movement

Comfort and stability

Spinal Orthoses

🔥 What are Spinal Orthoses?

Spinal orthoses are external devices used to support, align, or immobilize the spine.

✅ Types of Spinal Orthoses

Type Purpose Example

Cervical Philadelphia
Neck Support
Orthoses Collar

Thoraco
Lumbo
Spinal Taylor’s
Sacral
Immobilization Brace
Orthoses
(TLSO)

Lumbo
Sacral Lower Back Lumbosacral
Orthoses Support Corset
(LSO)

Cervical Orthoses

Principle of Cervical Orthoses

Immobilize the cervical spine

Provide pain relief

Correct deformities

🔥 Types of Cervical Orthoses

Type Purpose Example

Soft Collar Mild Support Foam Collar

Semi-Rigid Collar Moderate Support Philadelphia Collar

Rigid Collar Maximum Immobilization SOMI Brace

Donning and Doffing Techniques

Donning: Fit the collar around the neck, adjust the straps.

Doffing: Loosen the straps and remove carefully.

Thoraco Lumbo Sacral Orthoses (TLSO)

✅ What is TLSO?

TLSO is used to support or immobilize the thoracic, lumbar, and sacral spine.

🔥 Types of TLSO

Knight Brace

Taylor’s Brace

Milwaukee Brace

Boston Brace

Indications

Scoliosis

Spinal Fractures

Kyphosis

Donning and Doffing Techniques

Donning: Wear the brace from the back, adjust the straps.

Doffing: Unfasten the straps and remove carefully.

Lumbo Sacral Orthoses (LSO)

✅ What is LSO?
LSO provides support to the lumbar and sacral region.

🔥 Types of LSO

Corset

Rigid LSO

Pelvic Traction Belt

Indications

Low Back Pain

Post-Operative Spine Surgery

Spondylolisthesis

Lower Limb Orthoses

✅ Types of Lower Limb Orthoses

Type Purpose Example

HKAFO Hip, Knee, Ankle, Foot Support Hip Dislocation

KAFO Knee, Ankle, Foot Support Polio

AFO Ankle, Foot Support Foot Drop

FRO Foot Orthoses Flat Foot

Splints

🔥 What is a Splint?

A Splint is a temporary orthotic device used to immobilize a joint or body part.

Objectives of Splinting

Immobilization

Pain Relief

Correction of Deformity

Prevention of Contractures
Types of Splints

Upper Limb Splints

Cock-Up Splint

Opponens Splint

Mallet Finger Splint

C-Bar Splint

Lower Limb Splints

Foot Drop Splint

AKBK Splint

Care and Maintenance

Clean the device regularly

Check for any cracks

Proper fitting adjustments

🔍 Summary

Orthoses and Splints are essential devices in rehabilitation to provide support,

immobilization, and correction of musculoskeletal deformities. Proper biomechanical
alignment, fitting techniques, and regular follow-ups are necessary to ensure comfort and
function.

🎯 Important Points to Remember

Always measure the body part properly before prescribing an orthosis.

Regular adjustments are necessary for the best outcome.

Psychological counseling is equally important during rehabilitation.

Diagrams

Would you like labeled diagrams in English + Hindi for:

 Cervical Orthoses

TLSO

LSO

Splints

AFO

KAFO

along with Step-by-Step Fitting Techniques? 📌

INTRODUCTION TO PROSTHESES – FOR UPPER LIMB AND LOWER LIMB

(Detailed Explanation with Diagrams in English & Hindi)

✅ Introduction to Prostheses

🔥 What is Prosthesis?

A Prosthesis is an artificial device used to replace a missing body part such as a limb, hand,
or foot, which is lost due to:

Amputation

Congenital Absence

Trauma

Disease

Definition of Prosthesis

According to WHO:

“Prosthesis is an externally applied device used to replace a missing body part or improve
the function of a body part.”

📌 Various Terminologies in Prosthetics

Terminology Definition

Prosthesis Artificial replacement for a missing body part

Socket The part where the remaining limb is fitted

Suspension The method of holding the prosthesis in place

Stump Residual limb after amputation

Cosmetic Prosthesis Prosthesis for appearance only

Functional Prosthesis Prosthesis for functional movement

II. UPPER LIMB PROSTHESIS

🔥 What is Upper Limb Prosthesis?

Upper limb prostheses are artificial devices designed to replace missing parts of the hand,
wrist, forearm, elbow, or shoulder.

✅ Types of Upper Limb Prostheses

Partial Hand Prosthesis

👉 Used to replace fingers or parts of the hand.

Example: Silicone Finger Prosthesis

Wrist Disarticulation Prosthesis

👉 Used when amputation occurs at the wrist joint.

✅ Components:

Wrist Joint

Socket

Suspension

Trans Radial Prosthesis

👉 Amputation occurs below the elbow.

✅ Components:

Socket

Suspension System

Terminal Device (Hook or Hand)

Elbow Disarticulation Prosthesis

👉 Amputation occurs at the elbow joint.

✅ Components:

Elbow Joint

Socket

Suspension

Trans Humerus Prosthesis

👉 Amputation occurs above the elbow.

✅ Components:

Shoulder Joint

Socket

Harness System

Shoulder Disarticulation Prosthesis

👉 Complete removal of the shoulder joint.

✅ Components:

Shoulder Joint

Socket
 Myoelectric Control System

LOWER LIMB PROSTHESIS

🔥 What is Lower Limb Prosthesis?

Lower limb prostheses are artificial devices designed to replace the leg or foot.

✅ Types of Lower Limb Prostheses

Partial Foot Prosthesis

👉 Replaces toes or parts of the foot

Example: Silicone Toe Prosthesis

Syme’s Prosthesis

👉 Used for ankle disarticulation amputation

Below Knee Prosthesis (Trans Tibial)

👉 Used when amputation occurs below the knee

✅ Components:

Socket

Pylon

Prosthetic Foot

Knee Disarticulation Prosthesis

👉 Amputation occurs at the knee joint

✅ Components:

Knee Joint
 Socket

Suspension

Above Knee Prosthesis (Trans Femoral)

👉 Amputation occurs above the knee

✅ Components:

Socket

Knee Joint

Suspension System

Hip Disarticulation Prosthesis

👉 Used when the entire leg is removed including the hip joint

Prosthetic Feet

🔥 What are Prosthetic Feet?

Prosthetic feet are artificial feet designed to provide mobility and stability to amputees.

✅ Types of Prosthetic Feet

Type Features Example

SACH Foot Simple, Low Cost Jaipur Foot

Dynamic Response Foot Energy Return Flex Foot

Seattle Foot Lightweight, Flexible Seattle Foot

Rocker Sole Improves Walking Pattern Modified SACH Foot

UCBL Sole Flat Foot Correction UCBL Foot

Knee Joints in Prosthetics

🔥 Types of Knee Joints

Type Description Example

Basic
Simple Hinge
Single Axis Knee Knee
Joint
Joint
Type Description Example

4-Bar
Polycentric Multiple Axis
Knee
Knee Joints
Joint

Controlled Endolite
Hydraulic Knee
Motion Knee

Microprocessor Automatically
C-Leg
Knee Adjusts

Endoskeleton vs Exoskeleton Prosthesis

Feature Endoskeleton Exoskeleton

Covered with Hard Outer

Appearance
soft foam Shell

Weight Lightweight Heavy

Easily Difficult to
Adjustability
Adjustable Adjust

Hip Joints / Pelvic Disarticulation Prosthesis

👉 Used when the entire leg along with the hip joint is removed.

✅ Components:

Hip Joint

Socket

Suspension System

Fitting, Donning & Doffing Techniques

Donning

Place the residual limb into the socket

Secure the suspension straps

Doffing

Unfasten the suspension straps

 Gently remove the limb from the socket

Psychological Aspects of Prosthetic Application

Depression

Low Confidence

Fear of Disability

💡 Role of Physiotherapist

Emotional Support

Early Mobilization

Body Image Acceptance

🔍 Summary

Prostheses play an important role in rehabilitation and mobility. Proper fitting, regular
follow-ups, and psychological counseling are necessary for better adaptation.

🎯 Important Points to Remember

Prostheses replace missing body parts.

They can be cosmetic or functional.

Upper limb prostheses improve hand function.

Lower limb prostheses improve walking.

Diagrams

Would you like Detailed Labeled Diagrams in English + Hindi for:

Types of Prosthetic Feet

Upper Limb Prostheses

Lower Limb Prostheses

Knee Joints

Suspension Systems
along with Step-by-Step Fitting Techniques? 📌

WHEELCHAIR – PARTS AND PRESCRIPTION

(Detailed Explanation with Diagrams in English & Hindi)

✅ Introduction to Wheelchair

A Wheelchair is a mobility aid used by individuals with physical disabilities to assist with
movement and independence. It is designed to support people who are unable to walk due
to:

Paralysis

Injury

Amputation

Neurological Disorders

Musculoskeletal Disorders

🔥 Definition of Wheelchair

According to WHO:

“A wheelchair is a device that assists individuals with mobility impairments to move

independently or with the help of a caregiver.”

📌 Types of Wheelchairs

Wheelchairs are classified based on:

Mode of Propulsion

Design

Usage

✅ 1. Based on Mode of Propulsion

Type Description Example

Operated by
Manual Folding
user or
Wheelchair Wheelchair
caregiver

Motorized Powered by Electric

Wheelchair battery Wheelchair

✅ 2. Based on Design

Type Description Example

Easily
Folding Standard
foldable,
Wheelchair Wheelchair
lightweight

Rigid Non-foldable, Sports

Wheelchair durable Wheelchair

Reclining Adjustable Reclining

Wheelchair backrest Wheelchair

✅ 3. Based on Usage

Type Description Example

Lightweight
Indoor Folding
for smooth
Wheelchair Wheelchair
surfaces

Heavy-duty,
Outdoor suitable for Tricycle
Wheelchair rough Wheelchair
surfaces

Designed for
Sports Basketball
athletic
Wheelchair Wheelchair
activities

Wheelchair Components

🔥 Parts of a Wheelchair

Part Function

Frame Supports entire structure

Part Function

Seat Provides sitting surface

Armrests Support arms

Footrests Support legs

Wheels Enable movement

Brakes Lock the wheelchair in place

Cushion Provides comfort and pressure relief

✅ Diagram of Wheelchair Components

Would you like a Detailed Labeled Diagram in English + Hindi for Wheelchair Components?

Measurement Techniques for Wheelchair Prescription

Proper measurement is essential to ensure comfort, safety, and functionality.

🔥 Important Measurements

Seat Width

Seat Depth

Back Height

Armrest Height

Footrest Length

Wheelchair Prescription Criteria

✅ Factors to Consider

Patient’s Medical Condition

Type of Disability

Level of Independence
 Environment (Indoor/Outdoor)

Weight Capacity

Wheelchair Modifications & Customizations

🔥 Common Modifications

Modification Purpose

Cushion Pressure Relief

Anti-Tip Wheels Prevent Tipping

Headrest Neck Support

Elevating Leg Rests Improve Circulation

Transfer Techniques

✅ What is Transfer Technique?

It is the method used to help patients shift from:

Bed to Wheelchair

Wheelchair to Toilet

Wheelchair to Car

🔥 Types of Transfers

Type Description

Manual Transfer Performed by Caregiver

Slide Board Transfer Using Sliding Board

Mechanical Transfer Using Lifting Devices

Pressure Relief Techniques

🔥 Why is Pressure Relief Important?

Prolonged sitting can cause Pressure Sores (Bed Sores).

Techniques for Pressure Relief

 Wheelchair Tilt

Use of Cushions

Changing Positions Every 2 Hours

User Assessment for Wheelchair Prescription

🔥 Components of Assessment

Component Description

Physical Assessment Strength, Range of Motion

Psychological Assessment Motivation and Willingness

Environmental Assessment Indoor or Outdoor Use

Wheelchair Mobility Skills

🔥 Basic Mobility Skills

Forward Propulsion

Turning

Braking

Care & Maintenance of Wheelchair

🔥 Daily Maintenance

Check Tyre Pressure

Clean the Seat

Inspect Brakes

Wheelchair Attachments

Attachment Purpose

Oxygen Holder Carry Oxygen Cylinder

Tray Table Eating and Writing

Umbrella Holder Outdoor Use

Types of Wheelchair Cushions

Type Purpose Example

Foam Basic Comfort Memory Foam

Gel Pressure Relief Gel Cushion

Air Adjustable Support ROHO Cushion

Motorized Wheelchair

✅ What is Motorized Wheelchair?

A wheelchair powered by electric motors and batteries to assist people with limited hand
strength.

Tricycle Wheelchair

👉 A special type of wheelchair with three wheels used for outdoor mobility.

Motorized Tricycle

👉 A three-wheeled vehicle powered by battery for disabled individuals.

🔍 Summary

Wheelchairs play a vital role in improving the quality of life for disabled individuals by
providing mobility, comfort, and independence. Proper prescription, fitting, and training are
essential to maximize wheelchair benefits.

🎯 Important Points to Remember

Wheelchair Prescription depends on the patient’s condition and needs.

Pressure relief techniques prevent bed sores.

Regular maintenance increases wheelchair lifespan.

Motorized wheelchairs are suitable for individuals with weak hands.

Diagrams

Would you like Labeled Diagrams in English + Hindi for:

Wheelchair Parts
 Transfer Techniques

Pressure Relief Techniques

Cushions

along with Step-by-Step Fitting Techniques? 📌