Oral Radiology Extraoral Radiography Techniques
sum Key structures
Technique Purpose Patient Positioning Central Ray alignment
visualized
Examine posterior Directed toward
Lateral Jaw Image receptor against • Posterior
mandible, impacted molar-premolar region,
(Mandibular cheek, head tilted, mandibular (molar-
teeth, fractures or 2 cm below the opposite
Body) mandible protruded premolar region)
lesions mandibular angle
Directed toward the
Lateral Jaw Examine ramus and Image receptor over center of ramus • Ramus
(Mandibular condyle, fractures or ramus, head tilted, region, 2 cm below the • Condyle
Ramus)) lesions mandible protruded opposite mandible at • Posterior mandible
area of first molar
Midsagittal plane
Evaluate disease, vertical to film,
Directed to midline of • Entire skull
Posterior trauma, developmental forehead and nose
skull, perpendicular to • Facial bones
anterior (PA) abnormalities, growth touch cassette
film • Sinuses
and development (radiographic base at
90° to film)
Left side of face next • Entire skull from
Directed toward
Lateral Skull Orthodontic and to cassette, the side
acoustic meatus,
(Cephalometric) surgical evaluation midsagittal plane • Facial profile and
perpendicular to film
parallel to film soft tissue
• Maxillary sinus
Evaluate maxillary, Chin on cassette, head
Perpendicular to image • Frontal sinus
Water’s View frontal, ethmoid tipped back
receptor, centered on • Ethmoid sinus
(Occipitomental) sinuses, orbit and nasal (radiographic base at
maxillary sinuses • Orbit
fossa 45° to film)
• Nasal fossa
ELSAYED BARHOME 1
Oral Radiology Extraoral Radiography Techniques
sum Evaluate condylar neck Head titled downward
Perpendicular at image • Condylar head &
fractures, TMJ (canthomeatal line at
Reverse Towne receptor, centered at neck
disorders, condylar 25°-30° to film), mouth
condyles • Articular eminence
hypoplasia/hyperplasia open
Directed form below
mandible toward vertex
Show base of skull, Neck extended of skull, centered 2 cm • Base of skull
Submentovertex condyles, sphenoid backward anterior to line • Condyles
(SMV) sinus, and zygomatic (canthomeatal line at connecting condyles, • Sphenoid sinus
arch fractures 10° to film) perpendicular or (5° • Zygomatic arch
horizontal) to image
receptor
Evaluate superior
Central ray at +25° • Superior surface of
surface of condyle and
Transcranial TMJ from opposite side and condyles
articular eminence
20° anteriorly • Articular eminence
(mouth closed)
Patient positioned for
Evaluate condylar head lateral imaging of TMJ Central ray directed
• Condylar head &
Transpharyngeal and articular surfaces from opposite side
neck
TMJ (intracapsular cranially at -5° to -10°
• Articular eminence
disorders) posteriorly.
Central ray at +20°, • Entire latero-
directed through medial articulating
Patient positioned with
Transorbital Evaluate TMJ with orbital (pupil and surface of both
the orbit aligned for
(Zimmer) TMJ mouth open medial canthus), condyle & articular
the projection
perpendicular to image eminence
receptor • Condylar neck
ELSAYED BARHOME 2
Oral Radiology Extraoral Radiography Techniques
sum
Notes:
Lateral Cephalometric Radiograph (if facial soft tissue profile is desired) → Wedge filter is placed on the
anterior side of the beam at tube head, so the filter will absorb some of x-rays in the anterior region.
All paranasal sinuses (maxillary, frontal, ethmoid) evaluated by Water’s view except for sphenoid sinus
visualized using Submentovertex (SMV) projection.
Patient positioning & Key structures visualized by TMJ projections ( هي مكتوبة فقط كده عشان اكمل الجدول وخالص
)ومش مكتوبة عندنا في المنهج.
ELSAYED BARHOME 3
Oral Radiology Extraoral Radiography Techniques
sum
ELSAYED BARHOME 4
