SCOPE OF PROJECT

In future, Smart City technologies are likely to expand in scope and revolutionize
areas such as healthcare, education and policing, while also supporting the growth and
development of engaged residents capable of understanding and utilising digital
solutions and services (“Smart Citizens”).

Objectives Of Project

➢ To create efficiencies.
➢ Improve sustainability.
➢ Create economic development.
➢ Enhance quality of life factors for people living and working in the city.
➢ It creates a smart energy infrastructure.
➢ It creates a better transportation system

Need Of Research

Smart city means different things to different people; for some it is a very
technologically advanced city and for some it means getting all the basic necessities
for a normal lifestyle. Smart city basically consists of all those aspects which make
a city better like waste management, water management, better standard of living,
good transportation and security for every citizen. Smart cities are also known as
Future Smart Cities due to the fact that they comprise of basic amenities with
upgraded and newer technologies which will ease the life of citizens.
As technology and good standard of living plays its vital role in affecting the life of
every individual in India, we Indians are on the verge of a colossal change which
will provide us with good infrastructure facilities, basic necessities and proper living
conditions.

GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC KOLHAPUR 4

 We all know how rapidly the population in India is growing and this wouldn’t come
as shocking news to us but we lack behind in providing basic amnesties to our
people. Our government has many growth plans for the citizens but we will
definitely need to invest more to make our cities more liveable. Urbanization is
increasing at a very rapid pace and people usually migrate to those cities which are
well developed. We need to develop more cities into 2 nd tier cities or metro cities
because cities like Mumbai or Pune are already over populated and there are already
facing challenges with providing infrastructure facilities to each and every citizen.
As more and more people migrate to our major cities and the cities face stress and
major breakdown, the quality life of the current citizens will deteriorate which will
result in poor lifestyle.

Currently in India, 31% of population lives in cities and contribute 63% of the GDP
and till 2030, 40% of population will be residing in cities.

The Government in 2015 had given a challenge to all the cities in India to become
participate in the smart city challenge by showing willingness to change and provide
all the facilities to their citizens by completing all the norms which are necessary for
a city to become a smart city. ‘India’s 100 Smart City Challenge’ was the first round
where 100 Indian cities were choosen who would go into the next round with next
phase of developments across the cities. This challenge has been taken very seriously
ever since as all the government officials and city administrators participating
enthusiastically with clear vision of what their city should be.

Making our cities smart is thus a bold move by our government because they are
revised with what development is needed and how much time it will take. There are
a lot of feedbacks in our society by the people on whether or not the ‘Smart City’
initiative will benefit the life on Indians.

GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC KOLHAPUR 5

The smart city plan suggests simple solutions for our day-to-day complex needs.
There are multiple solutions which will ease the life of citizens if they are
implemented in a city. In a smart city, the information and communication
technology (ICT) is used for super intelligent and efficient use of resources and cost
through energy savings which in turn provides improved quality of life and reduced
environmental footprint. The ICT technology makes use of the current data of the
city and which state it is in so that quality changes can be made in real-time. With
growing needs of our increasing population, we need to implement those solutions
and provide those facilities which an individual can benefit from and can better his
living conditions.

INTRODUCTION

A smart city uses information and communication technology (ICT) to improve

operational efficiency, share information with the public and provide a better quality
of government service and citizen welfare. The main goal of a smart city is to
optimise city functions and promote economic growth while also improving the
quality of life for citizens by using smart technologies and data analysis. The value
lies in how this technology is used rather than simply how much technology is
available.

In other words we can say that a ‘smart city’ is an urban region that is highly
advanced in terms of overall infrastructure, sustainable real estate, communication
and market viability. It is a city where information technology is the principal
infrastructure and the basis for providing essential services to residents. It is an urban
development vision to integrate information and communication technology.

GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC KOLHAPUR 6

A smart city is promoted to use urban informatics and technology to improve the
efficiency of services. ICT allows city officials to interact directly with the
community and the city infrastructures and to monitor what is exactly happening in
the city, how the city is evolving and how to enable a better quality of life.

According to the experts the core infrastructure in a smart city includes:

➢ Adequate water supply

➢ Adequate electricity supply
➢ Sanitation, including solid waste management
➢ Efficient urban mobility and public transport
➢ Affordable housing
➢ Robust IT connectivity and digitalization
➢ Good governance, especially e- governance and citizen participation
➢ Sustainable environment
➢ Safety and security of citizens
➢ Health and education.
ITS:

- Focuses on optimizing transportation systems using technology and data

analytics
- Aims to improve traffic flow, reduce congestion, and enhance safety
- Typically involves:

- Traffic management systems

- Public transportation management
- Intelligent infrastructure (e.g., smart traffic signals)

- Real-time information systems

Smart City:

- Encompasses a broader range of urban services and infrastructure beyond

transportation
- Seeks to create a more sustainable, efficient, and livable city using
technology and data-driven approaches

- Typically involves:
- Intelligent transportation systems (ITS)
- Smart energy management

- Water and waste management

- Public safety and security
- Citizen engagement and participation
- Data analytics and IoT sensors
The connection between ITS and Smart City lies in the integration of
transportation systems with other urban services and infrastructure. A Smart
City uses ITS as a key component to create a more efficient and sustainable
transportation network, which in turn supports the overall goals of a Smart
City.

Some examples of ITS in Smart City initiatives include:

- Smart traffic management systems that optimize traffic flow and reduce
congestion

- Integrated public transportation systems that provide real-time information

and efficient routes
- Intelligent parking systems that guide drivers to available spots and reduce
congestion
- Data analytics platforms that provide insights on transportation patterns and
support informed decision-making
Objective:

Environmental, social and economic sustainability is must to keep pace withthis rapid
expansion. So, the project will address the following objectives:-

1) Define Smart City concept and understand how it can contribute toachieve urban
development priorities.

2) Giving an identity to the Solapur City.

3) Reduce congestion on roads, air pollution and resource depletion and ensure security.

PRINCIPLES OF SMART CITY:-

1. To promote cities that provide core infrastructure and give decent quality of life to its
citizens, clean and sustainable environment and application of smart city solution.

2. Adequate water supply.

3. Assured electricity supply.

4. Sanitation, including solid waste management.

5. Efficient urban mobility and public transport.

6. Affordable housing, especially for poor.

7. Robust IT connectivity and digitalization.

8. Good governance, especially e-Governance and citizen participation.

9. Sustainable environment.

10. Safety and security of citizens, particularly women, children and the elderly.
 METHODOLOGY

Collection Of Data

Collection Of Research Papers

Preparation Of Synopsis

Case Study Of Selected City

Analysing The Challenges And

Opportunities

Preparation Of Final Report

GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC KOLHAPUR 8

 OVERVIEW

What is smart city

People migrate to cities primarily for employment. To support their happy and
comfortable living, people also need good quality housing; cost-effective physical
and social infrastructure, such as water, sanitation, electricity, clean air, education,
healthcare, security, entertainment, etc. In this context, Smart Cities are those that
are able to attract investments for development of infrastructure and other social
facilities. Good infrastructure, simple and transparent online processes that make it
easy to establish an enterprise and run it efficiently are important features of an
investor-friendly city. Without this a city loses attraction as an investment
destination. A Smart City investor is considered as someone who helps a city rather
than someone who only profits from it.

Smart City framework

Towards this objective, an integrated Smart City framework comprising the key
enablers like Smart Governance, Smart Living, Smart People, Smart Mobility, Smart
Environment, and Smart Economy may be followed to Facilitate implementation.

GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC KOLHAPUR 9

Status of Indian cities considered under Smart City project

As per the Smart City concept, none of the cities are well prepared to be termed as
Smart City. Existing cities are Facing several challenges starting from urban
governance to internet penetration. Here, we intend to carry out a Comparative
analysis of status of some of the existing cities (Delhi, Varanasi, Bengaluru, Kochi,
and Ahmedabad) With respect to Smart City indicators.
In Smart City concept, ICT plays a key role in integrating different components
(Figure 1.3). The data reveals that most of the cities are lacking infrastructure, social
awareness, and skills to upgrade into the Smart Cities. Further to this, while some of
the cities have ICT infrastructure, they are not utilized up to its optimum. There need
to be an effective plan or layout by the city governance and government
implementing agencies to build awareness, skills, and infrastructure to develop
existing cities into future Smart Cities.

How existing cities become smart?

The idea of building 100 energy-efficient, ICT-enabled, and transit-oriented cities

sounds promising. Experts at the recently concluded Smart Cities India Expo have
called for focus on making these people oriented and socially inclusive because, even
with excellent infrastructure, several global cities have failed to retain people and
businesses.
Technology is important but so are the economy and people. Research states 60%
jobs can be generated within these sub-cities. There can be many opportunities for
decentralized production and related services. They should act like a sponge where
money comes in and keeps circulating. There has to be a business model. It also
requires citizen’s participation in planning.

For Example, Melbourne is one of the most liveable cities where footpaths have been
widened to reduce space for cars and a vibrant economy created in the prime real
estate of the city’s central business district. Yokoyama and Singapore are successful
Smart Cities where people have automatically moved towards public transport.

GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC KOLHAPUR 10

GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC KOLHAPUR 11
 CHALLENGES BEFORE INDIAN SMART CITIES

The concept of smart cities has its challenges, especially in India. For instance, the
success of such a city depends on residents, entrepreneurs, and visitors becoming
actively involved in energy saving and implementation of new technologies. There
are many ways to make residential, commercial, and public spaces sustainable by
ways of technology, but a high percentage of the total energy use is still in the hands
of end users and their behaviour. Few of the challenges are discussed below.

Mobility

Migration of population to urban locations for jobs

Migration from one area to another in search of improved livelihoods is a key feature
of human history. While some regions and sectors fall behind in their capacity to
support populations, others move ahead and people migrate to access these emerging
opportunities. Industrialization widens the gap between rural and urban areas,
inducing a shift of the workforce towards industrializing areas. Moreover, numerous
studies show that the process of migration is influenced by social, cultural, and
economic factors and outcomes can be vastly different for men and women, For
different groups, and different locations.

Migration for work

The primary motive for migration, recorded by the census as well as the NSS, is an
important indicator of how mobility is influenced by conditions of the labour market.
Of the 27.4% who changed place of residence, as per 1991 census, 8.8% moved for
employment reasons and 2.3% had business motives. The proportion moving due to
economic motives was higher for males (27.8% moved for employment reasons and
7.1% for business reasons), Compared with females (only 1.8% moved for
employment reasons and 0.5% for business reasons).

GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC KOLHAPUR 12

Education

Rural areas, by and large, lack educational facilities, especially those of higher
education and rural people have to migrate to the urban centres for this purpose.
many of them settle down in the cities for earning a livelihood after completing their
education.

Lack of security

Political disturbances and interethnic conflicts drive people away from their homes.
A large number of people have migrated out of Jammu and Kashmir and Assam
during the last few years due to disturbed conditions there. People also migrate on a
short-term basis in search of better opportunities for recreation, healthcare facilities,
and legal advices or for availing service that the nearby towns provide.

Transport

City efficiency largely depends upon the effectiveness of its transport systems, that
is, efficacy with which people and goods are moved throughout the city. Poor
transport systems stifle economic growth and development, and thenet effect may
be a loss of competitiveness in both domestic as well as international markets.
Although Indian cities have lower vehicle ownership rate, number of vehicles per
capita, than their counterparts in developed countries, they suffer from worse
congestion, delay, pollution, and accidents than cities in the industrialized world.
Few of the major challenges in India are listed below:
➢ Vehicular growth and availability of transport infrastructure in metropolitan
cities.
➢ Vehicular emission, congestion, and road safety issues.
➢ Policy measures to improve urban transportation in India.

GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC KOLHAPUR 13

Energy management
In the past few years, the level of energy waste in India has been on the rise,
underscoring the need for the government and other stakeholders to address issues
of sustainable development. India has the world’s fourth largest electricity installed
capacity, according to the Ministry of Urban Development’s 2014 Concept Note4
on Smart City. Yet, it continues to be a country with scarce electricity distribution.
Here, smart grids can be a good way of bringing in transformative operations. There
are many challenges:
➢ The old traditional system lacks good financial planning, resulting in losses due
to poor revenue collection methods.
➢ The system is also ageing with poorly maintained infrastructure, such as
transmission lines, among others.

Electricity theft
Smart energy technology entails laying a secure and ubiquitous communication link
between power sources to the endpoint to ensure a good and efficient communication
channel that will enhance good connectivity. Smart grids can be a good way of
bringing in transformative operations. The smart grid technology is also able to
predict and monitor possible failures and help technical teams to pre-empt possible
solutions. This technology allows systems (the grid) to be fed by alternate energy
sources such as solar, wind, and hydrocarbons, among others. The integration of this
power generation into the smart grid enables further decentralization of distribution
and boosts nationwide generation.
Information and communication technology
A common infrastructure pool allows the creation of a truly interconnected system
with seamless communication between services. The sharing and unifying of the
information infrastructure, or even the sharing of meaningful information/data such
that it can improve efficiency and the quality of life of its citizens is an opportunity
that will be recommended.

GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC KOLHAPUR 14

However, there are many challenges:
➢ All resources and information generated by the city from different sources,
systems, and services are distributed in different departments, regions, and their
respective information systems.
➢ While the interconnection of different government departments and agencies is
not the current focus, the sharing of meaningful data that can improve efficiency
and the quality of life—a recurrent theme of a Smart City—of citizens is a
challenge that can be explored
➢ Technology challenges; the existing status quo in how cities are run; and
technology is not well understood across city sectors and by its administrators
➢ Among the main barriers to adopting such solutions is the complexity of how
cities are operated, financed, regulated, and planned.
➢ Rapid urbanization adds pressure to the resource base and increases demand for
energy, water, and sanitation, as well as for public services, education, and
healthcare. Consequently, social, economic, and environmental issues have
become closely interrelated.

Land acquisition
The issue of land acquisition in the region further complicates matters. The absence
of a regulated land tenure system in most parts of the region means that acquiring
tribal land for development will be a tedious task. While many factors of the scheme
for selection of smart cities in India doesn’t match the geographic, economic, and
geographic profile in north-eastern states, the scheme will have minimal role in
implementing smart cities in the region. However, newly announced Smart City
Mission can achieve geographical spread in the North East Region (NER) by
adopting measures, such as (i) Direct Central funding for a majority of the Smart
City projects; (ii) Active participation from the State Governments; (iii) Mandatory
special purpose vehicle (SPV) to manage and fund each Smart City; iv) Ensuring
full implementation of the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act; and v) Special
consideration during the city selection process on aspects of urban population and
existing city infrastructure status.

GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC KOLHAPUR 15

 LITERATURE REVIEWS

Smart city using internet of thing (iot) -

Research paper by: Ms. T. R. Shinde, Leo Mendis, Paras kacha, Kuldeep Yeware,
Amar Patil Professor Student Department Information Technology Pimpri
Chinchwad Polytechnic College, Pune
Feb 2021

Literature review-

Electrical appliances quickly take places to reduce hardship of human life.

There are several attempts to control street light to save energy and reduce pollution.
The system is based on wireless and GPRS to monitoring. There is distribution of an
Internet of thing on there is side used to monitor and show there is availability of
single vehicle parking space.
This paper present there is standard Internet of thing which is capable and easy
way to park cars by checking there is availability of spaces. There is light control
system establish name automatic light controller. Our project finds vacant place and
helps drivers to and vehicle parking space in city they don’t know waiting time for
parking has been reduced most vehicles successful find free vehicle parking space.
Thus parking problem are reduced.

GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC KOLHAPUR 20

Integration of transportation technologies and multimodal transportation
planning of smart city –
Research Papers by:[Link] Anant Kanhane, Dr. M. R. vyawahare, Mr. A.
R. Bijwe. PG Student Civil Engineering Dr. Rajendra Gode Institute of
Technology and Research, Amravati, Maharashtra India
Nov 2022

Literature Review-

Urban transport system in most Indian cities is under heavy strain. It is negatively
pictures up quality of life of an urban population. Due to this facilities are difficult
to provide comfortable and convenient and economical travel.
In these different types of multimodal transportation system in smart cities are
analyse. Use of technology in urban transportation is done according to the case
study of Nashik city in state of Maharashtra. Conclusion are found on detailed
investigation which are useful to implement different types of project.
Considering rapid growth of Indian urban areas. From Nashik case study that private
players come forward to invest such large scale project. The increase in technology
will also help in resolve environment issues. This will facilities Sustainable growth
of cities thereby making cities more livable.

GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC KOLHAPUR 21

Iot based smart city -
Research by: Smitaraj R. Shastri, Pallavi B. chitale, Dipali S. Bhuwadi, Prof. P.
P. Gaikwad. Final year student E and TC department TSSMs BSCOER, Pune
Maharashtra India department of electronic and telecommunication engineering
TSSMs BSCOER, Pune Maharashtra
May 2022

Literature Review –

Population density is increasing day by day in cities. IOT support smart city
operations helps to used advance communication network with software and other
technologies. In many cities peoples problems like garbage overflow, car parking
issue, wastage of electricity because of negligence of the citizens. Which affects on
safety security and health of citizens.

The aim of our project is to design a city with smart car parking system, Automated
street light, Home automation system, Smart garbage level monitoring system,
which will helps to reduce human efforts. It is carried by using FSP32 controller,
sensors, file based cloud and Android app. A smart city as any IOT system uses
smart equipment. The system modules are working efficiency and is able to send
sensor data to remote user and user can control and monitor the data in order to keep
City clean.

GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC KOLHAPUR 22

Smart bus of smart city –
Research by: Nandkishor Rajasekaran, Suriya, Vignesh Student Department of
it SRM Valliammai Engineering College, Tamilnadu, India
Feb 2020

Literature Review –

In daily routine transportation plays major role and consumes more time in
bus transportation due to traffic. It can avoid by giving exact information by Android
app. Android application about bus of particular route, it also alert passenger if driver
goes over speed. The GPS sensors placed in the bus fetches current location of bus
and sent to server for every one minute. Two DIR sensors placed in entry and exit
way of bus. Both detect the count of human by heat and a emission of body, bags
cover etc., are avoided. The users has to install the Android application and login to
application. The admin provides the nearby bus details from database.
The system is useful for the bus passengers to access easy Android platform
when around other peoples. This helps the commutting people to understand timing
of bus and occupancy level of bus. Reservation of seat also can be done through
Android app.

Review on smart city concept –

Research by: Er. Roshni. K. Patel Prof. Sejal. S. Bhagat Student of a Town and
Country Planning Sarvjanik College of Engineering and Technology Surat.
Dec 2019
Literature Review –

Smart city concept emerged as an application of IOT. Smart city is a system

that facilitates among various systems to improve quality of life of urban citizens.

GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC KOLHAPUR 23

 Smart city can be identified a along six dimensions namely smart economy,
smart people, smart governance, smart mobility, smart environment and smart
[Link] shift the boundaries towards a cloud of sensors where sensors and
actual also provide services applying cloud provisioning model. The strategy of
smart city has to be highly selective. The cities face different demands by offering
adequate services and facilities.
Internet of things resulted from the evolution of conventional networks. The
smart city concept operate in complex urban environment. Tourism has an urban
activity that can transform urban organization. The smart city means to infuse
intelligence in all activities for improve quality of work and of life to reduce cost
and improve efficiencies.
 CASE STUDY OF SOLAPUR

Introduction of City:

Solapur located in the south-western region of Maharashtra (17.68°N

75.92°E) onmajor road and rail routes between Mumbai and Hyderabad, with
a branch line to the citiesof Bijapur and Gadag in the neighbouring state of
Karnataka. Please refer Fig. 1 for relative location. It is situated on the Deccan
plateau and has an average elevation of 458 metres (1502 feet).

Gulbarga district on the southeast and Bijapur Districts on the south of

Karnataka State, Sangli district on the south and southwest; Satara district on the
west, and Pune district onthe northwest. It is bordered by Ahmednagar district on
the north; Osmanabad district on the north and northeast. It is situated at a distance
of 410 km (250 mi) from the Maharashtra State Capital of Mumbai by road and
train. Solapur is at a distance of 245 km (152 mi) from Pune and305 km (190 mi)
from Hyderabad.

In 1871 this district was reformed joining the Sub-divisions viz. Solapur,
Barshi, Mohol, Madha and Karmala and two Subdivisions of Satara district viz.
Pandharpur, Sangola and in 1875 Malshiras Sub-division was also attached. After
the State reorganisation in 1956 Solapur was included in Bombay State and it
became a full-fledged district of Maharashtra State in

GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC KOLHAPUR 60

 Source: [Link]

Fig. 1: Gridded Solapur city.

GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC KOLHAPUR 61

 It is classified as a 2 Tier and B-2 class city by House Rent Allowance (HRA)
classification by the Government of India. It is the 49th most populous city in
India and the 43rd largest urbanagglomeration.

Ward wise population of Solapur in ascending order is given in the following

Table 1. The minimum population of ward No. 25 is 27884 and maximum is
41077 of ward No. 6. Average population of all the 28 wards is 36599, with a
standard deviation of 3184 persons. This suggest that the population is more or

GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC KOLHAPUR 62

 less uniformly distributed in equal size wards. There is no denser population set
up at Solapur, thereby indicating that the commercial activities are not very
prominent in the city, thereby not letting air pollutant built up. If ward-wise area
is made available, population density can be determined that may give better
picture of socio- economic distribution.

Table 1: Ward wise population in Solapur city.

Ward Total Ward Total

No. Population No. Population
25 27884 17 37226
26 30809 7 37273
4 33681 13 37320
5 33869 9 37409
10 34150 15 37844
2 34603 1 37955
16 34651 3 38715
19 34893 8 39086
11 35064 21 40696
18 35555 24 40723
14 36135 23 40842
20 36283 22 41032
12 36783 6 41077

. City population

Solapur with an area of 178.57 Sq. Km has a population of 951,118, as per 2011
census. The demographic details are shown in table 2 as follows:
Table-2
Population Total Male Female
City 9,51,558 4,81,064 4,70,494
Slum 2,66,232 - -
Literates 82.80 % 89.62 % 75.88 %
Sex Ratio 978 (Male to Female)

GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC KOLHAPUR 63

 Presently there are 41 villages and 1 town in Solapur. The literacy rate of Solapur
district is 82.80%. The economy of the district is mainly depended on Agriculture
63.0% of the total workers are engaged in primary sector.

Industry

In light of the relatively good ambient air quality trend over a decade in
Solapur, the socio-economic condition needs to be assessed. Relatively good air
quality in Solapur may also be considered as an indicator of low economic growth
as clean industry like Information Technology, Business Process Outsourcing
(BPO) etc. are not expected to come up in Solapur due to scarce availability of
human resource. Industries that does not require high end of technology thereby
demanding large manpower can only come up in Solapur. Such industries and
associated population, its transportation can only pollute the ambient air of
Solapur. Good air quality indicates low economic growth, or large horizontal
clear space availability, or high technological industrial development.

Solapur leads Maharashtra in production of Indian cigarettes or beedi.

Solapur district has the highest number of sugar factories (total 33) in Maharashtra
state as well as in India. These sugar mills are away from the district head quarter
thereby not polluting the urban air environment.

Solapuri Chadars (Bedsheet) and towels colouring, dying industry are

famous in India and also at a global level, however there has been a significant
decline in their exports due to quality reasons. "Solapuri Chadars" are the famous
and first product in Maharashtra to geta Geographical Indication tag. It has been
a leading centre for cotton mills and power looms in Maharashtra. Solapur had
the world’s second-largest and Asia's largest spinning mill. All these colouring
and dying industries use hot water for colour mixing and application. Hot water
is generated using boilers, mostly using wood. Summary of fuel used in textile
sector at Solapuris shown as table 3 below:

GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC KOLHAPUR 64

 Table-3

No. Fuel No. of Industry

1. Wood 23
2. Diesel 2
3. Furnace Oil 1
4. Gas 1

The National Research Centre on Pomegranate (NRCP) of India is located in

Solapur and pomegranate farming is done on a large scale in Solapur District. The
Science Centre in Kegaon(Solapur) is the third largest and prominent scientific
association in Maharashtra. The Raichur- Solapur Power Transmission line of 765
kV power capacity suffices the power grid accessing need of the southern states
of Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh. The first waste-to- energy electricity plant
in Maharashtra is situated in Solapur.

Transport Facilities

Solapur, which is the headquarters of Solapur district in Maharashtra, is a

famous pilgrim city. Solapur serves as a base to reach pilgrimage spots like
Tuljapur, Pandharpur and Ganagapur. Solapur shares its boarders with famous
cities like Ahmednagar, Gulbarga, Osmanabad, Satara, Sangli and Pune. All these
reasons make Solapur the main transportation hub connecting Karnataka,
Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh. Solapur is well connected by neighbouring
cities and districts and states with all possible ways like rail, road and air.

➢ Railway Services in Solapur

Solapur, which is one of the largest train junctions on the Mumbai – Hyderabad
and Mumbai- Chennai lines, is also one of the five divisions of the Central
Railway Zone. Solapuris also a terminal point of the Solapur – Bijapur line. The
Solapur Railway Division is an important division that connects South India to
North Western India and Western India. There are direct trains to most of the
important cities like Mumbai, Bangalore, New Delhi, Chennai, Pune,

GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC KOLHAPUR 65

 Thiruvananthapuram etc. from here. Solapur city, which is 456 km away from
Mumbai and 264 km away from Pune by rail, is located on major rail routes
between Hyderabad and Mumbai. The local and out-station trains from Solapur
railway station connect the city with all important towns within and outside
Maharashtra. Regular trains are available to Pune, Mumbai, Hyderabad and other
parts of the state and the country from Solapur railway station.

➢ Airways in Solapur
Pune International Airport in Maharashtra is the nearest international
airport from Solapur. We can reach to Pune airport with roughly four hours drive
from Solapur. This airport is well connected to all major cities like Bangalore,
Chennai, Nagpur, Delhi, Ahmedabad, Hyderabad by flights. Various airline
services like Air India Express, Air India, Jet Airways, Indigo and Spice Jet etc.
provide flight services from and to Solapur. Chattrapati Shivaji Airport is another
option for tourists, as they get connecting flights to Solapur from here. Even
though there is an airport on the Southeast side of Solapur city, currently no
commercial flights provides services here.

➢ Roadways in Solapur
As Solapur is located on Pune – Hyderabad NH9, at the border of
Karnataka, Maharasthra, it is well connected by roads. The city is 45 kms from
Tuljapur, 95 kms from Paranda, 73 kms from Pandharpur, 274 kms from Pune
and 300 kms from Hyderabad. Thereare well built and maintained roads to all
main cities in Maharashtra from Solapur. Many state owned and private tour buses
provides regular shuttle services between Solapur and Mumbai, which is around
400 km away from Solapur. You can also get regular bus services to other main
cities like Pune, Nagpur, Aurangabad etc. Similarly, Solapur is well connected to
other metro cities like Delhi and Bangalore by road.

➢ Local Transportation in Solapur

Before 1946, the transportation facilities in Solapur were provided by private

GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC KOLHAPUR 66

 companies. Solapur Corporation had implemented local bus services in Solapur
in 1949 and it was extended to Hotgi Road, sugar factories, industrial places,
airport, Vijapur and adjacent villages.
Many private bus services are also functioning in Solapur with regular services to
major cities. You can also depend on hired taxi or auto rickshaw for local
transportation.
Table 4 shows different types of vehicles in Solapur district.

Vehicle No. of Vehicles

2W 674416
3W 24046
Car 70306
4W 25919

Heavy 27437
Buses 135
822259

1000000
Vehicles

No. of Vehicles
No. of

0
2W 3W Car 4W Heavy Buses

Solid Waste Management

Approximately, 300 to 350 Ton/day solid waste is generated in Solapur, but

only 300 ton/day are collected as remaining 50tonnes waste is processed at source
as per SWM Rules 2016. Solid waste is collected by ghantagadis (350-550 kg
capacity) and unloaded in 4 transfer stations constructed under Smart City project
and 16 Road Compactor (RC) Vehicles of 8-10 ton Capacity each, which is then
transported in segregated manner to Solapur Bio- Energy System Pvt. Ltd. plant

GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC KOLHAPUR 67

 (Tuljapur Road). The availability of solid waste carrying vehicles is as follows:

Some amount of user charges for SWM to be collected from all residential
as well as commercial establishments on monthly basis should be started. This
will help them to realize the importance of SWM and benefits for SMC, which is
otherwise not taught in any social, academic or religious discourse/training.
Provision of Ghantagadis alone for shop to shop collection will not be effective
in mixed economy. The provision of separate Ghantagadis and presence of
businessmen need not be synchronised. Therefore the provision of underground
bins in commercial areas for solid waste collection is a practical option. Hence,
this is proposed in Solid Waste Management DPR. Further, pyrolysis plant of 7
TPD capacity is sanctioned by State Government in Solid Waste Management
DPR and implementation of this project is work in project. Also, Development of
Sanitary Landfill is work in project under DPR. For improper burning of Solid
Waste, two Flying squads are formed and daily monitoring is done along with
Spot fine collection is implemented. All the ghantagadis of SWM Dept. are
monitored by GPS tracking system.

GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC KOLHAPUR 68

 Solid Waste Management Process in diagrammatic form is as below:

Plastic Waste Management: Construction of 2km road from Confiscated Plastic

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➢ Solid Waste Processing plant.

Solapur Municipal Corporation processing plant is located at Tuljapur road in

55 acres [Link] of which 46 aces land was previously used for dumping the
solid waste and remaining 9acre land is for bio-energy plant. This plant segregates
organic fraction of solid waste and generate Energy & the remaining is used for
composting. Non-compostible waste like plastic and other material is separated
and further sold to scrap vendors for further processing. Presently, 4 MW of
electricity and 60 MT of compost is generated daily.
The solid waste collection and transportation is done by Solapur Municipal
Corporation (SMC) and energy generation from that solid waste is carried out by
Bio-Energy plant. In this process, the useful input ‘raw material – Solid Waste’ is
handled and its quantity and quality cannot be ensured by the bio-energy plant.
The organic material segregated at source (like hotels, marriage halls) are usually
not transported to bio-energy facility, instead, they are processing at source by
means of compost unit or compost machinery.

GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC KOLHAPUR 70

➢ Crematoria

There are seven crematoria in Solapur. All of them, except one, use wood for
burning.

No Name of Crematoria Type

Wood Electricity
1. Rupabhavani Mashan ghat Yes No
2. Karambha naka Mashan Ghat Yes No
3. Padmashali Mashan ghat Yes No
4. Old pune naka Mashan ghat Yes No
5. Motibagh Mashan ghat Yes Yes
6. Dehgavn Mashan ghat Yes No
7. Kumtagavn Mashan ghat Yes No

Body Burn: 2-3 / Crematoria/ day

Climate & Meteorology

Solapur falls under the category of dry (arid and semiarid) climate according
to the Köppen climate classification. The city experiences three distinct seasons:
summer, monsoon and winter. Typical summer months are from March to May,
with maximum temperatures ranging from 30 to 45 °C (86 to 113 °F). The
warmest months in Solapur are April and May. The typical maximum
temperatures being 40 °C (104 °F) or more. The highest temperature ever
recorded is 46.0 °C (114.8 °F) in May 1988. Although summer does not end until
May or even the midst of June, the city often receives locally developed heavy
thundershowers in May (although humidity remains high). The monsoon lasts
from June to the end of September, with moderate rainfall. The city of Solapur
receives an average rainfall of 545 mm (21.5 in) per year. Winter begins in
November and lasts until the end of February, with the temperatures occasionally
dropping below 10 °C (50 °F). Solapur lies very close to the seismically active
zone around Killari, Latur District, about 100 km (62 mi) east of the city.
 The meteorological data derived from prognostic model is used for
determining the predominant wind direction. For this purpose, a windrose
diagram is plotted and is shown in Fig. 2. Predominantly the wind is from West
to West-North-West.

Fig. 2: Annual Windrose diagramof Solapur city.

Ambient Air Quality Monitoring:

There are three ambient air quality monitoring stations in Solapur city located at
Saat Rastanear Bus stand and Walchand Institute of Technology (WIT). The data
for Monthly average reading recorded at Solapur (2017-2018) are shown.
Table No.5: Ambient air quality data 2017-18 .

GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC KOLHAPUR 72

 Average Average Average of
Station Name year Month
of SO2 of NOx RSPM
50 40 60
WIT Campus 2017 Apr 14 34 66
May 12 26 55
Jun 13 28 58
Jul 13 31 62
Aug 14 33 68
Sep 15 33 62
Oct 15 34 59
Dec 14 34 70
2018 Jan 16 36 73
Feb 15 35 73
Mar 15 34 73
Saat Rasta- Chithale Clinic 2017 Apr 11 38 76
May 13 26 64
Jun 13 28 60
Jul 13 30 70
Aug 13 31 64
Sep 14 33 62
Oct 15 34 60
Dec 16 73 116
2018 Jan 17 45 84
Feb 17 49 89
Mar 17 40 79

GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC KOLHAPUR 73

 CONCLUSION

Make in India is a new national program designed to transform India into a global
manufacturing hub. It contains a raft of proposals designed to urge companies —
local and foreign — to invest in India and make the country a manufacturing
powerhouse. It was launched by Prime Minister Mr. Narendra Modi on 25
September 2014. India would emerge, after initiation of the programme in 2015, as
the top destination globally for foreign direct investment, surpassing China as well
as the United States. This concept focused on job creation and skill enhancement in
various sector such as Media& entertainment, Tourism sector, automobiles
Components, Roads and Highway, etc. India is all set to become the most-populous
country in the world by 2030, making it the home to the biggest and the most under-
penetrated market for global manufacturers and service providers. Unlike its
preceding generations, this growing population is also shifting to top tier cities of
the country giving rise to new megacities estimated to generate 80% of economic
growth, with potential to apply modern technologies and infrastructure, promoting
better use of scarce resources.
This paper highlights the object behind Make in India, and studies the problems and
prospects for making Solapur city smart.

GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC KOLHAPUR 74

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