Bus Bar configurations
Bus Bar configurations
Power System -2
الفرقة الثالثة قسم هندسة القوى واالالت الكهربائية
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What is a Bus Bar?
▪ A bus – bar is a conductor or group of conductors and it collects electric
energy from incoming feeders and distributes them to outgoing feeders.
So bus – bar is a junction where all incoming and outgoing currents
meet. Bus – bar is generally made up of aluminum but not with copper
because aluminum has special characters like higher conductivity, lower
cost, excellent corrosion resistance, etc.
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Disconnecting Link
❑ It is used to connect or disconnect the system under
voltage only.
❑ Due to the absence of interrupting arc media, it doesn't
used in disconnection under normal load or short circuit.
❑ Symbol
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Disconnecting Link
Disconnecting Link (switch) Open Disconnecting Link during short
circuit
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Circuit Breaker
❑ It is used to connect or disconnect the system under
normal load and short circuit because it have an
interrupting the arc media.
❑ The High voltage Circuit breakers is classified according to
the interrupting arc media such as SF6, Air blast, Oil and
Vacuum.
❑ Symbol
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Circuit Breaker
Oil Circuit Breaker SF6 Circuit Breaker
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Bus Bar Arrangements
1. Single bus single breaker
❑ In the case of system
connection:
▪ First, Close D.L’s.
▪ Secondly, Close C.B’s.
❑ In the case of system
disconnection:
▪ First, Open C.B’s.
▪ Secondly, Open D.L’s
❑ In normal operation all D.L’s
and C.B’s are closed
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1. Single bus single breaker
The reliability of this type is very low.
Advantages:
✓ Simple and Low cost
Disadvantages:
✓ In case of maintenance all incoming and outgoing
circuits must disconnected
✓ In case of any fault on the bus all incoming and outgoing
circuits are disconnected.
✓ Extension of the substation without shut down is not
possible.
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2. Single bus with sectionalized C.B
▪ The same as single bus
but we divided the bus
into sections using
sectionalized C.B’s which
are normally closed
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2. Single bus with sectionalized C.B
The reliability of this type is low but beater than single bus.
Advantages:
✓ When the fault occurred in the bus the protection system
disconnect the faulted section using C.B5 while the
another section is not affected
Disadvantages:
✓ Still part of the system is disconnected during
maintenance or fault.
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3. Double bus single breaker
This system is most widely used and it is moderately
reliable.
During normal
operation:
❑ D.L’s 1,3,5,7,9 &10
are closed
❑ C.B 1,2,3& 4 are
closed
❑ All other D.L’s and
C.B’s are open
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3. Double bus single breaker
The function of the bus coupler are :
▪ It is used to check the status of the standby bus before
transferring.
▪ It’s used instead of C.B1 or C.B2 during maintenance
Sequence of transferring from working bus to stand-by bus
▪ Close D.L 11 and D.L 12
▪ Close C.B 5
▪ If C.B5 is not tripped so, the standby bus is ready to transfer
▪ Then open C.B5, D.L 11 and D.L12.
▪ Close D.L’s 2,4,6,8
▪ Open D.L’s 1,3,5,7
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4. Double bus single breaker with
extra transfer bus
During normal
operation:
▪ D.L’s 8,1,3,5
closed
▪ C.B 1,2 closed
▪ All other D.L’s
and C.B’s are
open
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Sequence of replacing C.B1 by stand-by C.B4
❑ Check the status of the transfer bus
❑ Close D.L’s 10,11
❑ Close C.B 4
❑ If C.B4 is not tripped so, the transfer bus is ready to
transfer
❑ Then open C.B4
❑ Close D.L’s 9
❑ Close C.B4.
❑ Now we have two parallel paths.
❑ Open C.B1
❑ Open D.L 1,8
❑ Now C.B1 is isolated.
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5. Double bus double breaker
In normal operation:
❑ D.L’s 1,3,5,7 closed
❑ C.B 1,3 closed
❑ All other D.L’s and
C.B’s are open
Advantages
❑ Hundred percent continuity
of supply.
Disadvantage
❑ Very costly so it is used in
important stations .
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Sequence of Transferring from working bus to standby bus
❑ Check the status of the standby bus
❑ Close D.L’s 2,4
❑ Close C.B 2
❑ If C.B2 is not tripped so, the standby bus is ready to transfer
❑ Then Close D.L’s 6,8
❑ Close C.B4.
❑ Now we have two parallel paths.
❑ Open C.B1 and C.B3
❑ Open D.L 1,3,5,7
❑ Now the working bus is completely isolated.
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6. Double bus one and half breaker
❖ In this system we have
two working buses
Advantages
❑ Hundred percent continuity of
supply.
Disadvantage
❑ This system is not widely
used because it need a
complicated protection
system
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COMPARISON OF CONFIGURATION
Configuration Reliability Cost Available Area
Single Bus Single Least Reliable Least Cost Least Area
Breaker Single Failure Cause Complete (1.0) Fewer Components
Outage
Single Bus Single Low Reliable Least Cost Least Area
Breaker With Single Failure Cause Complete (1.2) Fewer Components
Sectionalized Bus Outage For One Section
Bar
Double Bus Single Moderately Reliable Moderately Moderate Area
Breaker Cost (1.7) More Components
Double Bus Single Moderately Reliable Moderately Moderate Area
Breaker With Extra Flexibility In Operation And Cost (1.78) More Components
Transfer Bus Maintenance
Double Bus Double High Reliable High Cost (1.9) Greater Area
Breaker Single Failure Normally Isolate Duplicate Twice As Many
Single Component Components Components
Double Bus High Reliable Moderately Greater Area
Breaker And Half Single Failure Isolate Single Cost (1.57) Twice As Many
Circuit Components
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End of this
Lecture
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