WORLDWIDE

ENGINEERING Material Specification GMW14400

STANDARDS

Pre-Coated or Uncoated Low Carbon, Heat-Treatable Boron Steel

1 Scope
This specification covers the requirements for low carbon, heat-treatable boron steel used in the manufacture
of structural parts to manage very high tensile loads without significant deformation such as required in safety
and occupant protection. This material is heat treated and then formed and simultaneously quenched in a
water-cooled die in a process referred to as hot stamping, hot press forming or press hardening. Material
produced by this process generally referred to as press hardened steel (PHS). This process results in a part
with a microstructure consisting of essentially 100% tempered martensite or martensite with trace amounts of
bainite.
Note: For bonded applications with pre-coated press hardened steel, the material shall meet additional coating
adhesion requirements in 3.2.7 and adhesive compatibility requirements in 3.3.2.
1.1 Material Description. The material designation is defined by the GMW material specification number,
material category (Sheet or Tubular product), steel product type, grade, and finish type. The substrates used in
these applications may be cold rolled or hot rolled, but the product type is designated as heat treated (HT) or
hot stamped (HS), as appropriate. The steel grades will correspond to the chemical and mechanical
requirements as shown in Table 2 and Table A1 through Table A3. The surface quality, represented as an
alpha character, shall be designated with the surface quality. Only the surface quality designation of U,
representing an unexposed application, shall be used unless otherwise approved by Materials Engineering.
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The above descriptive items are used together to form the coding system. Examples of the coding system for
engineering part drawings, electronic math data files and/or manufacturing engineering documents are shown
in Section 8.
1.1.1 Resistance Welded Mechanical Tubing. Tubes supplied to this specification are roll formed from a
steel strip to the desired shape and dimension, electrical resistance welded into a tube, and then heat treated
to achieve the final mechanical property requirements.
1.1.2 Induction Heat Treated Steel. Part sections formed with this operation and supplied under this standard
shall be made by stamping in the as-rolled condition. The raw stamping can be selectively coil induction
hardened to achieve the required strength requirements. Al-Si, Zn, Zn-Fe, or Zn-Ni pre-coated products shall
not be used in these applications.
1.1.3 Hot Stamped Die Quenched Steel. Parts shall be made by austenitizing a pre-cut blank, hot stamping
the heated blank and rapid cooling (quenching) the stamped part in the die or via water quenching. Press
hardened steel (PHS) can be formed by either direct or indirect stamping processes. The direct process is
considered as main-stream for all usages (except tubes). The indirect process is less common and more
expensive since it requires two dies and is not compatible with common oven designs and press systems.
Note: Since the indirect stamping process is not globally available, the indirect process must not be used (or
parts designed to require its use) without the prior authorization of the Global Functional Lead (GFL). Use of
the indirect process implies that effected part cannot be used globally without driving excessive cost to ship
stamped parts globally. Exception: The indirect process is globally available and can be used without prior
approval only for tubular products such as axle tubes.
[Link] Uncoated Products. Parts formed with uncoated steel and supplied under this standard shall be
subsequently blasted to remove oxide from the surface as described in section [Link].
[Link] Pre-Coated Products. Parts formed with a hot stamping operation may also utilize pre-coated steels
furnished according to this specification in order to eliminate the need for blasting and/or improve corrosion
performance.

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 Aluminum-Silicon (Al-Si) Pre-Coatings: Al-Si coated parts shall not be cold-stamped prior to the hot
stamping operation, but slight roll-forming operations may be allowable if the coating is not damaged.
Blasting is not permitted for Al-Si pre-coated parts to prevent damage of the coating.
 Zinc Based Pre-Coatings: Parts are preferably stamped by the direct hot stamping process. After hot
forming and cooling, parts shall be blasted to remove any oxide layer from the surface as described in
section [Link].
1.1.4 Material Call-Outs. The list of material and coating designations shown in Table 1 are the only approved
material call-outs that can be released unless Materials Engineering and the appropriate Global Subsystem
Leadership Team approves.

Table 1: Approved Material Call-Outs

Coating
Material Call-out System Material Description
GMW14400M-ST-S-HS1300T/950Y-MS-UNCOATED-U Uncoated Uncoated press hardened steel stampings
GMW14400M-ST-S-HT1475T/1170Y-MS-UNCOATED-U Uncoated Uncoated induction heat treated products
GMW14400M-ST-T-HT1475T/1170Y-MS-UNCOATED-U Uncoated Uncoated welded and heat treatable tubular products
GMW14400M-ST-S-HS1300T/950Y-MS-AS60G60G-U AlSi Al-Si coated press hardened steel stampings
GMW14400M-ST-S-HS1300T/950Y-MS-AS40G40G-U AlSi Al-Si coated press hardened steel stampings
GMW14400M-ST-S-HT1475T/1170Y-MS-AS60G60G-U AlSi Al-Si coated induction heat treated products
GMW14400M-ST-T-HT1475T/1170Y-MS-AS60G60G-U AlSi Al-Si coated welded and heat treatable tubular products

1.2 Symbols. Not applicable.

1.3 Typical Applications. Typical applications are uncoated or pre-coated sheet metal stampings and thin
gauge tubular structural parts requiring tensile strengths exceeding 1300 MPa and 500 MPa respectively.
Typical applications include door impact beams, bumper impact beams, and structural reinforcements for side
impact and roof strength.
1.4 Remarks. See Table B1 in Appendix B for cross-referenced/superseded specifications.

2 References

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Note: Only the latest approved standards are applicable unless otherwise specified.
2.1 External Standards/Specifications.
ASTM A370 ASTM E1077 ISO 6892 JIS Z2201
ASTM A428 EN 10247 ISO 7438 SAE J419
ASTM A513 EN 10346 ISO 10275 SEP 1160
ASTM A751 ISO 898-1 ISO 18594
ASTM E45 ISO 4287 ISO/TS 16949
2.2 GM Standards/Specifications.
GMW8 GMW3335 GMW14729 GMW15282
GMW3011 GMW14019 GMW14829 GMW16549
GMW3059 GMW14700 GMW14872 GMW16579
GMW3224 GMW14704 GMW15200
2.3 Additional References.
 Best Practice BODYSTR-33. The supplier shall work with the GM responsible engineer to comprehend this
requirement.
 GWS-5A (available at [Link]@[Link]).
 Statement of Requirements (SOR) Appendix N.
 TMC003 Material Safety Data Sheet guidance documents (available at [Link]).

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3 Requirements
The following section defines specific requirements for material on delivery, processing, performance and other
stages during life cycle. Deviations required for individual GM business units are listed in the Deviations at the
end of this document.
Parts supplied according to this specification shall undergo successful trials that fully meet end product
requirements. In the event of any changes to the heat treatment and/or manufacturing process to which the
part was successfully validated, the appropriate engineering group must be notified and the part must be
tested and re-qualified to the proper Production Part Approval Process (PPAP) level as determined by GM.
Hot stampers are required to maintain a consistent source of steel supply and to use GM approved suppliers
listed in GM’s MATSPC system.
3.1 Requirements on Test Specimens. Not applicable.
3.2. Engineering Requirements.
3.2.1 Chemistry. Base metal composition based on product (coil, or sheet/blanks) analysis determined per
ASTM A751 shall conform to the requirements of Table 2 and/or shall be agreed upon between supplier and
purchaser. When end product (coil/blank) test results are not available, ladle analysis may be used. Chemical
composition on the end product is the referee method.

Note 1
Table 2: Chemical Composition, Mass %
Press Hardened Steel
Carbon 0.19% to 0.27%
Manganese 1.00% to 1.50%
Aluminum ≥ 0.010%
Silicon ≤ 0.50%
Phosphorous ≤ 0.030%
Sulfur ≤ 0.005%
Chromium ≤ 0.35%
Titanium 0.020% to 0.055%
Nitrogen ≤ 0.010%
Boron 0.0005% to 0.004%
Note 1: See Table D1 in the deviations section for high hardenability alloy chemistry.

3.2.2 Surface Lubrication. Steel supplied to this specification shall be coated with a designated lubricant
(e.g., mill oil or pre-lube) and comply with GMW14019. Requirements for lubrication of post hot stamped parts
are included in paragraph [Link].
3.2.3 Mechanical Property Requirements. The 0.2% Offset Yield Strength, Tensile Strength and Percent
Total Elongation shall be determined in the longitudinal direction per GMW3335 for cold-formed parts. The test
direction is not critical for finished, hot-formed parts. Tests shall be performed using samples per ISO 6892
Type I (50 mm gage length ASTM type sample), ISO 6892 Type II (80 mm gage length DIN type sample), or
JIS Z2201 (No. 5).
When specified for cold stamped applications, the strain hardening exponent n value shall be determined per
ISO 10275. The specific strain level shall be reported with all test results. The strain hardening exponent
n value shall be determined at 10% to 20% strain, or at 10% to end of uniform elongation when uniform
elongation is < 20%. The specific strain range shall be reported with all test results. The determination of strain
hardening exponent n value does not apply to post heat-treated parts or for parts that are direct hot formed.
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[Link] Base Metal Mechanical Property Requirements. Cold rolled steel supplied to this specification for
direct hot stamping operations shall be in the “full hard” or non heat treated condition and hot rolled steel shall
be supplied with “as rolled” mechanical properties unless otherwise agreed upon. Hot Steel supplied for
induction heat treating after forming shall conform to the pre-heat treat requirements in Table A2.

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[Link] Finished Part Mechanical Property Requirements. All hot stamped parts shall meet the mechanical
property requirements shown in Tables A1, A2 and A3 depending on the specific application and
manufacturing process.
3.2.4 Bend Test Requirements. Bend testing of heat treated and quenched material shall be performed
according to ISO 7438 using a free bend test, referred to as: “bending device with two supports and a former”.
The material shall be capable of being bent, both longitudinally and transverse to rolling direction, through
130 degrees (outside bend angle, α, as shown below) on a three point free bend with the ends unrestricted
with bend radii as shown in Table 3 for the steel thickness being evaluated.

Table 3: Sheet Thickness and Radii for Bend Testing

Sheet thickness: Bending radius: Bending angle :

t ≤ 1.5 mm r = 5 mm
≥ 130°
without any visible
cracks into the base
1.5 < t ≤ 2.5 mm r = 10 mm
material

After bending, the convex side of the specimen is examined for cracks. Samples that pass this test will not
exhibit visible cracks in the base metal, but may exhibit cracks in the coating. In order to facilitate visual
examination, the coating may be removed in dilute acid after bend testing or cracks may be evaluated in cross-
sectioned samples. Cracks in the base metal and originating from the edge of the sample that are less than the
nominal thickness of the sample in length are considered acceptable.
[Link] Base Metal Bend Test. Bend testing is required for steel supplier qualification. For initial steel supplier
qualification, samples shall be taken from production representative coils and the samples shall be heat
treated in a production representative heat treatment process. If this process is not known, as in the case of
qualification of a new steel supplier, heat treatment shall follow process described in [Link].1. Heat treated
material shall be able to pass the bend test requirements as described in 3.2.4.
[Link].1 Bend Test Sample Preparation. If flat panels are required for testing, they may be prepared by the
process parameters used for the particular metal/coating combination as established by the production source
to achieve required hardness and properties. If these parameters are unknown or if a standard uncoated or
Al-Si coated PHS is required, the samples may be prepared by heating to 900 °C in a pre-heated open air
oven, and held at that temperature for 5 minutes. The samples shall then be allowed to cool in the air for 7 s,
followed by quenching in a water cooled die with a similar cooling rate to the production process or by
immersion in a room temperature water bath. In each case, the mechanical properties should be verified to
ensure the material is properly quenched.
Note: If the panels have a zinc based coating, the selected temperature and soak times shall be based upon
established practices developed by the steel supplier for the specific coating and must be reported along with
any test data.
[Link] Bend Test for Heat Treated Parts. Heat treated parts shall meet the bend test requirements as
described in paragraph 3.2.4. Hot stampers are not required to perform routine bend testing, however, they
may elect to do so as part of their quality control plans. If parts are not of sufficient size to provide the specified
size of sample, flat samples may be heat treated in a production representative process and used to verify
conformance to bend test requirements.
3.2.5 Additional Requirements for Pre-Coated Steels for Hot Stamping. The following requirements shall
be met by steel suppliers and stampers of pre-coated boron steels used in hot-stamping applications. These
requirements are in addition to the chemical and mechanical requirements in Table 1 and Table A3.
[Link] Coating Analysis Prior to Heat Treatment. The continuous coating shall meet the composition
requirements in Table A4 and Table C1 and shall also meet the requirements of GMW3059. The coating shall
not contain trace elements that are detrimental to adhesive bondability, phosphateability, or paintability.
[Link] Coating Mass Prior to Heat Treatment. ASTM A428 or EN 10346 shall be used for determination of
2
coating mass for coatings. The test sample size shall be 2000 mm minimum, with a preferred sample size of
2 2 2
3330 mm (57.7 mm ± 0.1 mm or 65.1 mm ± 0.1 mm in diameter). Coating mass shall be measured by triple
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spot and single spot testing, and shall conform to values in Table A4 and Table C1. The triple spot coating
mass shall be an average of three measurements taken across the width of the strip at least 25 mm from the
edge. In no instance shall the coating weight of any of these samples fall below the minimum single spot test
requirement in Table A4 and Table C1. Each side shall be measured separately (e.g., by masking the coating
from one side) to ensure the requirements of Table A4 and Table C1 are met.
[Link] Coating Analysis after Heat Treatment (Qualification Testing). For zinc-based coatings a Glow
Discharge Optical Emission Spectroscopy (GD-OES) analysis or equivalent must be performed through the
coating thickness. The coating composition, including the elements iron, zinc, nickel, aluminum and
manganese shall be reported along with photomicrographs at 500x from both sides of the steel sheet.
[Link] Coating Thickness after Heat Treatment. Coating thickness requirements are shown in Table A4 and
Table C1. Coating thickness may also be used for routine quality control evaluations. Coating thickness is
measured using a suitable layer thickness gauge, on-line x-ray gauge, or from a specimen cut perpendicular to
the panel surface. Suitable instruments for evaluation of coating thickness on the as-received pre-coated sheet
(e.g., Eddy current, ferromagnetic, or metallurgical microscope) shall have a capability of ± 1.0 µm accuracy.
Magnetic inductive measurements are not recommended on the finished hot-stamped part without proper
calibration due to the alloy reaction which occurs during hot stamping. When using a metallurgical microscope,
standard mounting practices shall be used and thickness shall be measured at 500x magnification.
3.2.6 Cyclic Corrosion Lab Test in Flanges (Qualification Testing). Samples shall be prepared and
evaluated according to SEP 1160, Part 1, Glass Flange Type II “Evaluation of Weldable Corrosion Protection
Primers for the Automotive Industry – Corrosion Performance” and as shown in Figure 1. Three samples
representing each side of the material shall be prepared with simulated glass flanges for a total of six samples.
In addition, three reference samples with coatings HD60G60G or EG60G60G shall be prepared and evaluated
in the same way. After corrosion exposure, the samples shall be tested according to GMW14872, (UB), All,
4sp, Method 1/2, Exposure D. Maximum pit depth shall be measured by microscopic cross section of the
flange section, taking care to examine the entire area under the flange. For zinc-based PHS-coatings,
corrosion in pit depth shall be comparable or less than the reference zinc coated samples.

Figure 1: Sample Setup for Corrosion Test with Flanges

3.2.7 Coating Adhesion (Qualification Testing). Coating adhesion is evaluated on degreased samples that
have been adhesively bonded and subsequently evaluated by lap shear strength testing as described in
GMW15200-HS-IR-FS with a GM-approved high strength impact resistant full spectrum adhesive. Samples
shall be prepared and evaluated to represent standard cure condition (25 minutes at 175 °C ± 5 °C). The bond
strength and fracture mode of the samples shall be reported.

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Cohesive separation within the adhesive (preferred) or delamination of the coating to the steel substrate that
occurs above the specified minimum strength level of ≥ 16 MPa at room temperature and ≥ 8 MPa at -40 °C,
are considered acceptable.
3.2.8 Microstructure.
[Link] Inclusions. Two optional methods for analysis are available. There shall be an agreement with the
local business unit which of the two following methods shall be performed:
 Method A: ASTM E45 Method D, Plate I-r, by analysis at 100x inclusion content shall not exceed a rating
of 2.0 for thin and 2.0 for heavy.
 Method B: EN 10247, by analysis, inclusions shall not exceed size index 3; in case of diameters < 20 mm,
they shall not exceed size index 2.
3.2.9 Material Thickness and Tolerances. The detailed engineering part drawing or electronic math data file
will specify the material thickness and tolerance per GMW3224. Tolerances for electric resistance welded
tubes not specified on drawings shall follow ASTM A513.
3.2.10 Coating Designation. The type of coating and coating mass is specified by a suffix added to the basic
specification number. The first two letters AS will designate a continuous Al-Si pre-coating. The letters HD will
designate a continuous hot-dipped zinc (G) or zinc-iron alloy (A) pre-coating. The letters EG will designate a
continuous electrolytically-applied zinc-nickel (N) pre-coating. The coating mass prior to hot stamping for each
2
side is designated in g/m . Only the specified coating masses of Table A4 and Table C1 (triple spot and single

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spot) may be used unless the appropriate engineering group is consulted. The letter U follows the coating and
mass designation to specify an unexposed surface finish. Developmental coatings are shown in Table C1.
3.2.11 Coating Quality. The steel shall be free from surface defects as negotiated between purchaser and
supplier. For unexposed (U) surfaces defects such as slight indentations, small marks, minor scratches, and
slight coloring are permissible if they do not affect corrosion resistance, formability, or the application of any
other surface coating. Regulations in detail will be issued by the responsible formability analysis organization
(e.g., GMNA Manufacturing Engineering Metal Parts Specification (MPS) sheet, GMIO responsibly
manufacturing or metallurgical engineering document).
Break-offs or burn-offs of the coating caused by the stamping process are not allowed. Cracks within the
coatings must be minimized by the supplier as much as possible. If cracks occur in zinc based coatings, crack
width shall be less than the coating thickness and shall not affect corrosion protection. Suppliers of hot
stamped parts are responsible to ensure that their heat treatment process does not negatively affect corrosion
protection as required in paragraph 3.2.6.
3.2.12 Coating Surface Texture. For heat treated parts furnished with an aluminized pre-coating, the surface
shall contain a roughness average (Ra) of 1.8 µm minimum and profile peak-to-valley height (Rt) of 12 µm
minimum, as defined in ISO 4287. The Ra and Rt shall be measured using a sampling length/cutoff
wavelength, c, of 2.5 mm and evaluation length of 12.5 mm.
3.3 Manufacturing Requirements.
3.3.1 Pre-Treatment/Paint Adhesion of Heat Treated Parts (Qualification Testing). Heat treated parts that
are made from uncoated or zinc based pre-coated steels shall be capable of achieving a high quality zinc
phosphate conversion coating according to GMW3011 (for crystal size and coating weight). Parts produced
from pre-coated Al-Si steel must meet the overall corrosion requirements of these specifications, but are
excluded from the phosphate conversion coating weight and thickness requirements since they generally are
not phosphateable and instead rely on surface micro discontinuities for adhesion of subsequent primers and
paints.
After application of production representative primers and paints, hot stamped parts shall meet the following
requirements: adhesion of the E-coat shall fulfill the test requirements of the cross hatch test according to
GMW14829 (requirement: Rating 0, as-received and after 120 h humidity exposure per GMW14729) and the
delamination test according to GMW14704 (Rating 0 or 1 after 48 h test duration) for paint adhesion. For fully
painted applications on exposed (E) surfaces, the material shall also meet the requirements of the stone chip
resistance test according to GMW14700, method A (or B) and method C, with a minimum stone impact
resistance rating of 8.
Creep back resistance shall be inspected on e-coated samples. The samples shall be scribed per GMW15282
and tested according to GMW14872, EXT, All, 4sp, Method 1/2/3, Exposure C. For comparison reference
samples with HD60G60G or EG60G60G-coating shall be tested in parallel. The creep back shall be evaluated

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per GMW15282. The creep back resistance on PHS-samples shall be comparable or better in comparison to
the reference samples.
3.3.2 Adhesive Compatibility (Qualification Testing). Metallic surfaces to this specification shall be capable
of being bonded with GM approved adhesives when tested according GMW16549. Testing to this specification
will evaluate bonding characteristics to the metal surface.
3.3.3 Surface Requirements.
[Link] Surface Texture. See paragraph 3.2.12 for requirements for Al-Si pre-coated applications. Surface
defects such as slivers, laminations, scratches in the pre-coating and/or in the uncoated substrate that may be
detrimental to the finished part performance are not allowed.
[Link] Surface Oxides. Temporary/transit corrosion protection, such as oils, paper, or containerization, etc.,
shall be used to protect the parts from in-transit corrosion that may result in detrimental surface appearance
and/or impacts to subsequent manufacturing processes.
 Uncoated Parts: After hot stamping, the steel surface shall be cleaned such that subsequent operations
such as phosphating/painting, bonding and welding are not adversely affected. The application of a
corrosion preventative oil is required in order to ensure that parts do not develop surface oxides/rust during
shipment and storage. Any applied oils must meet the requirements shown in paragraph 3.2.2.
 Aluminum-Silicon (Al-Si) Pre-Coated Parts: Blasting of the surface is not permitted.
 Zinc Based Pre-Coated Parts: Cleaning (also referred to as “Blasting”) of the surface is required to
remove visible red/brown oxides produced during hot stamping that would otherwise negatively affect
subsequent processes such as adhesive bonding, painting and welding. The blasting process used by the
supplier, such as dry ice, steel shot, airless blasting, etc., shall be selected such that it completely removes
the surface oxide layer, but does not remove or damage the corrosion protective coating, and it does not
negatively affect dimensional tolerances. The blasting medium shall not contaminate the coating, cause
coating inclusions, or leave any residues on the coating that may be detrimental to part performance. The
application of corrosion preventative oils may be required in order to ensure that parts do not develop
surface oxides/rust during shipment and storage. Any applied oils must meet the requirements shown in
paragraph 3.2.2.
 Surfaces that have been blasted shall consist of a uniform, homogeneous and shiny grey/silver
appearance. Hot stampers shall verify adequate oxide coating removal by one of the following two
methods:
.
a. Method One: Application of drops prepared from a test solution of 50 g of copper (II) sulfate (CuSO 4
5H20, 98%) and 20 mL of sulfuric acid (H2SO4, 95%) in 2 L of distilled water to a stamped part that is
clean and free of oil. The test solution shall only be applied when the solution and part temperature are
at (23 °C ± 2 °C) or false results may occur. Areas that exhibit complete oxide removal will react

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almost immediately to drops of the test solution on the panel as demonstrated by the formation of gas
bubbles in the solution. A successful test will result in bubble formation in less than 2 s of application.
Excessive oxides that are not removed from the coating will result cause delays in the formation of
bubbles in the test solution.
b. Method Two: The resistance of the coating can be measured according to ISO 18594 using a
transitional resistance test. The coating shall be judged to be sufficiently removed if the measured
resistance is 3 mΩ or less.
3.3.4 Cyclic Corrosion Lab Test on Formed Parts (Qualification and PPAP Testing). Cyclic corrosion
testing of hot stamped parts is required to evaluate the affect of microcracks on corrosion resistance. Testing
shall be performed on hot stamped parts that contain flanges, bend radii, highly stressed areas and
depressions. Testing shall be comprised of at least one sample in each of these following three conditions: a
hot stamped and quenched part not exposed to corrosion, a hot stamped and quenched part after corrosion
testing and a control consisting of either HD60G60G or EG60G60G on an approved steel substrate. Each of
these parts, in the unpainted condition, shall be tested to GMW14872, (UB), All, 4sp, Method 1/2, Exposure D.
After testing, a cross section of each part shall be examined under an optical microscope and the corrosion
depths evaluated. For zinc-based PHS-coatings the corrosion in depth shall be comparable or less than for the
reference samples. Examples of parts before and after testing, with a typical sample location, are shown in
Figure 2 below.

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Figure 2: Examples of Corrosion Tested Hot Dip Control and Zinc Coated PHS Samples

3.3.5 Surface Decarburization. Total (complete) surface decarburization exceeding 0.05 mm is prohibited as
defined by ISO 898-1, ASTM E1077 and SAE J419 Type 1.
3.3.6 Liquid Metal Embrittlement. The hot stamping process shall be controlled such that parts do not exhibit
evidence of liquid metal embrittlement (LME). Process control plans shall be developed and documented
according to GMW16579 that specify maximum and minimum oven temperatures and time in the ovens such
that liquid metal embrittlement cannot occur with the substrate/coating combination. The hot stamper shall
have evidence that their process control parameters will prevent liquid metal embrittlement and shall maintain
records showing that their process is in control within those requirements. An example of liquid metal
embrittlement is show in Figure 3.

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Figure 3: Photomicrograph of Liquid Metal Embrittlement (LME)

3.3.7 Quality. Suppliers are responsible to develop a comprehensive quality control plan for all aspects of
material procurement, blanking, heat treatment, stamping, trimming and hole piercing/cutting, cleaning and
dimensional tolerancing, the basis of which is described in GMW16579. Through the quality control plan and
generation of data, suppliers will demonstrate they have developed a process that will consistently produce
parts that meet requirements of GMW14400. The process control plan will also detail the steps that will be
taken to ensure that any process related excursions from established requirements does not result in
discrepant material being shipped to GM.
Suppliers shall control weld seam quality in tubes and other seam welded parts such that they do not split or
break apart in any type of static or dynamic impact event. Welded tubes shall be free of laps, cracks, seams, or
other defects which could be detrimental to the fabricated part. The weld shall be uniform, metallurgically
sound, and free from defects such as voids or foreign material which could be detrimental to the final product
performance.
All finished product surfaces for parts supplied under this standard must be free of heavy oxides, scale, etc.,
which may contaminate paint systems or affect subsequent manufacturing operations.
3.3.8 Marking. All parts shall be marked as shown in the SOR Appendix N and the Best Practice
BODYSTR-33.
3.3.9 Other Requirements. Requirements such as tolerances on product shape and dimensions, inspections
units, number of tests, sampling, test conditions, retests, inspection documents, packing, and handling of
disputes shall be agreed upon between supplier and the local business unit.
3.3.10 Welding. Steel substrates supplied to this standard in a properly heat treated, quenched and cleaned or
blasted condition shall be weldable and approved for welding by the ME-Weld Department of GM
Manufacturing Engineering when testing according to GWS-5A. Contact the GM Weld Council for specific
information regarding weldability at [Link]@[Link].
3.3.11 Weld Seams in Coils. If the local business unit allows weld seams in cold rolled material, the following
restrictions shall be considered: For cold reduced coils, pickling weld seams from the manufacturing process of
hot rolled coils are permissible without any restriction. Weld seams are not permissible unless special
exceptions are allowed by the local business unit.
3.3.12 Forming Lubricants. The use of lubricants in the hot stamping process to improve formability or
reduce the tendency for microcracking is considered developmental. Any materials applied to the surface of
the steel shall be reviewed and approved by GM Materials Engineering.
3.4 Life Cycle Requirements.
3.4.1 Chemical Requirements. The processes used in manufacturing these parts shall not add any material,
coating or contamination (see paragraphs 5.5 and 5.6) from scrap or other materials applied or used in
manufacturing that would affect or impair the recyclability of the finished components.

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4 Manufacturing Process
Manufacturing processes used to produce parts for General Motors must follow the requirements detailed in
GMW16579, “Material and Process Requirements for Press Hardened Steel and Stamping Suppliers”, as
required by each region.

5 Rules and Regulations

5.1 Legal Regulations. All materials must satisfy applicable laws, rules, regulations and recommendations
valid in the country of usage.
5.2 Language. In the event of conflict between the English and domestic language, the English language shall
take precedence.
5.3 Inspection and Rejection. Samples of components or materials released to a GM material specification
shall be tested for conformity with the requirements of this material specification and approved by the
responsible Engineering department prior to commencement of delivery of bulk supplies.
A new approval must be received for any changes, e.g., properties, manufacturing process, location of
manufacture, etc. If not otherwise agreed, all testing and documentation normally required for initial release
must be completed.
It is the responsibility of the supplier to inform the customer in a timely manner, without solicitation, and to
include documentation of all modifications of materials and/or processes and to apply for a new release.
If not otherwise agreed, all release tests shall be repeated and documented by the supplier prior to
commencement of delivery of non-conforming bulk supplies. In individual cases, a shorter test can be agreed
to between the responsible Engineering department and the supplier.
5.4 Initial Source Approval. No shipments shall be made by any supplier until representative initial production
samples have been approved by the appropriate Materials Engineering department(s) as meeting the
requirements of this specification. (Ferrous Materials and Sheet Metals Global Subsystem Leadership Team
(GSSLT) or designees).
5.5 Material Safety Data Sheets/Safety Data Sheets (MSDS/SDS). For new product submissions, or when a
change in chemical composition of an existing product has occurred, a complete copy of the Material Safety
Data Sheet/Safety Data Sheet must be submitted in compliance with the Globally Harmonized System of
Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS) requirements or other country-specific MSDS/SDS
requirements. In addition, product MSDS/SDS submissions must be in compliance with specific country
General Motors TMC003 Material Safety Data Sheet/Safety Data Sheet guidance documents where available.
5.6 All materials supplied to this standard must comply with the requirements of GMW3059, Restricted and
Reportable Substances for Parts.

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5.7 Additional Requirements.
5.7.1 Quality Requirements. The supplier shall have quality system procedures compliant with
ISO/TS 16949 or as required by the GM Global Purchasing and Supply Chain (GPSC) department
demonstrating that the product will conform to all specification requirements. The data required to be submitted
for this specification for each shipment will be determined by the GM region which the material is used. A
supplier providing parts to this specification shall develop and maintain an appropriate quality control plan,
approved by a local Supplier Quality or Materials Engineer. This plan shall include how finish part performance
will be monitored, including test methods, test locations, the frequency of testing.
5.7.2 The PHS hot stamping process can lead to increased die wear. PHS dies can have a finite life after
which some inserts/sections/dies may need to be replaced. The initial GM tooling purchase order will fund the
first set and any replacement inserts/sections/dies will be the Supplier’s responsibility as part of the normal
tooling maintenance costs within burden at the time of award. New inserts/sections/dies will be subject to the
Production Part Approval Process (required to have full re-PPAP with Production Trial Runs (PTR) run by the
GM assembly plant).

6 Approved Sources
Engineering qualifications of an approved source are required for this standard. Only sources listed in the GM
Materials File (i.e., GM Supply Power) under this standard number have been qualified by Engineering as
meeting the requirements of this standard.

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For other GM locations, the responsible Engineering group should be contacted to obtain the approved source
in that individual country.

7 Notes
7.1 Glossary.
MATSPC: Global repository of GM approved materials for corresponding GM Engineering Standards.
7.2 Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Symbols.
 Wavelength
α Bend Angle
ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials
CR Cold Rolled
DCS Data Creation Standards
EN European Norm
GD-OES Glow Discharge Optical Emission Spectroscopy
GFL Global Functional Lead
GHS Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals
GMIO General Motors International Operations
GMNA General Motors North America
GPSC Global Purchasing and Supply Chain
GSSLT Global Subsystem Leadership Team
HR Hot Rolled
HS Hot Stamped
HT Heat Treated
ISO International Organization for Standardization
JIS Japanese Industrial Standard
L Longitudinal
LME Liquid Metal Embrittlement
Max. Maximum
Min. Minimum
MPS Material Parts Specification
MS Martensite
MSDS Material Safety Data Sheet
N/A Not Applicable
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PHS Press Hardened Steel
PPAP Production Part Approval Process
ppm Parts Per Million
PTR Production Trial Runs
Ra Roughness Average
Rt Profile Peak to Valley Height
SDS Safety Data Sheet
SEP Stahl-Eisen Testing Guidelines (Stahl-Eisen-Prüfblätter)
U Unexposed
VDA German Association of the Automotive Industry (Verband der Automobilindustrie)

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8 Coding System
This standard shall be referenced in other documents, drawings, etc., as described in section 1.1.
A high hardenability version of the hot stamped material may be used with a deviation from the region using
the material and all regions of manufacturing. The chemistry for this material is shown in Table D1 in the
deviations section of this specification. Approval of Materials Engineering and the responsible GSSLT is
required before this material can be applied to any part.
8.1 Examples. Examples of approved materials call-outs are shown in Table 1. The GMW sheet steel
specification shall be called out on engineering drawings and manufacturing engineering documents using the
syntax shown in that table.
8.2 Additional Coating Systems. The development of new coating systems for press hardened steels is an
on-going process by the steel industry. While the use of these coatings is not approved at this time, Table 4
shows some of these systems and their respective call-outs.

Table 4: Call-Out Examples for Developmental Coatings on Press Hardened Steel

Material Call-out Coating System Description
GMW14400M-ST-S-HS1300T/950Y-MS-HD50G50G-U Zinc Hot Stampings

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GMW14400M-ST-S-HS1300T/950Y-MS-HD80A80A-U Zinc-Iron Hot Stampings
GMW14400M-ST-S-HS1300T/950Y-MS-EG60N60N-U Zinc-Nickel Hot Stampings
GMW14400M-ST-S-HS1300T/950Y-MS-HD65A65A-U Zinc-Iron Hot Stampings

Where:
MS = Martensite
HD60G60G = Coating Designation
HD80A80A = Coating Designation
EG60NN = Coating Designation
HD65A65A = Coating Designation
U = Surface Quality
UNCOATED = Coating Designation

9 Release and Revisions

This standard was originated in September 2005. It was first approved by the Global Steel Team in November
2005. It was first published in November 2005.

Publication
Issue Description (Organization)
Date

1 NOV 2005 Initial publication.

2 SEP 2006 Revised Paragraphs 1.1.3 (typo), 1.2.1, 2.2, 3.1.1, Table 1 – Chemical Composition,
[Link].4 (typo-AL not Al), 5.3 (added), 8.3.2 (typo – AL not Al), [Link].2.

3 MAR 2007 [Link], 2.2, 2.3, Table 1 – Cr, 0.35% max., [Link], [Link], [Link].2, [Link].3, 3.2.3,
7.2 (added), Table 3 and Table 4 (added note 4).

4 MAY 2007 Callout Modification, 8.3.2 (Global Steel Team)

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5 NOV 2009 Template updated, 1.1 (added content, was section 1.2), 1.2.1 (Moved to App. A),
[Link]/2 (Clarified microstructure requirement), 2 (Updated References), 3.2 (End
product chemical composition), Table 1 (added Ti requirement), [Link] (Surface
Treatment per GMW14019), [Link].6 (Added Surface Texture Requirements), [Link]
(added thickness tolerances in specification), [Link].1 (added), [Link].2 (Updated
paint/phosphate test requirements), [Link].3 (Added test criteria for bonding),
[Link].1 (updated Plate I-r), [Link] (GMW14019), 3.3.1 (deleted content), 3.3.3
(deleted), 5.3.1 (Part supplier quality control plan), 6 (updated approved source
requirement), 8 (updated coding section), Table 2 (Finished Tube clarification), Table 3
(Pre-Heat Treat Requirement clarified, note 2 updated), Table 4 (note 5 added), Table
6 (Post hot stamped coat. thick. range added), Appendix A (now cross reference),
Appendix B added, Deviations (deleted: 3.2.1, [Link].3, [Link].1, updated: [Link],
3.2.2). (Global Ferrous and Sheet Metals Team)

6 JAN 2011 Completely revised/change of coating designation for Aluminum-Silicon pre-coated

material/updated template.

7 JUN 2011 Updated scope, revised chemistry, moved thickness tolerances to GMW3224, added
bend test, updated coating thickness. (Ferrous Materials and Sheet Metals GSSLT)

8 MAY 2012 Complete revision. (Ferrous Materials and Sheet Metals GSSLT)

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Appendix A

A1 Mechanical Requirements

Note 1, Note 2
Table A1: Welded and Heat Treated Tubular Product Mechanical Properties

Rp0.2 Rm A
Designation Condition (MPa) (MPa) (%)

GMW14400M-ST-T-HT1475T/1170Y-MS Finished Tube ≥ 1170 ≥ 1475 ≥ 10

Note 1: Additional demands can be specified by the local business units.
Note 2: For straight tubes, mechanical properties are to be measured on the full the tubular product, per ASTM A370.

Note 1
Table A2: Induction Heat Treated Product Mechanical Requirements

A50 A80
R-bar
(%) (%)
Rp0.2 Rm
Designation Condition n-value
(MPa) (MPa) ISO JIS ISO
6892 Z2201 6892 Typical
Type I (No. 5) Type II

Pre-heat treat
Note 2, 0.8 to
requirements ≥ 300 ≥ 500 ≥ 15 ≥ 17 ≥ 14 ≥ 0.13
Note 3 1.0
GMW14400M-ST-S-HT1475T/1170Y-MS
Finished
Note 2, Note 4,
Part ≥ 1170 ≥ 1475 ≥5 ≥6 ≥ 4.5 N/A N/A
Note 5

Note 1: Additional demands can be specified by the local business units.

Note 2: Mechanical properties of the material prior to stamping shall be determined by the stamping source.
Note 3: Induction heat treatment only allowed on uncoated substrates.
Note 4: If a standard tensile specimen may not be obtained from a finished part, micro-hardness in the core (HV1, 10, or 30 kg = 425
minimum) and macro-hardness on the surface 41 HRC to 50 HRC requirements shall be met.
Note 5: Mechanical properties only valid for finished parts.

Note 1
Table A3: Hot-Stamped/Die-Quenched Product Mechanical Requirements

A50 A80
R-bar
(%) (%)
Rp0.2 Rm --``,,,```,,,`,`,,,,`,,,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Designation Condition n-value
(MPa) (MPa) ISO JIS ISO
6892 Z2201 6892 Typical
Type I (No. 5) Type II

Pre-heat treat
Note 2, 0.8 to
requirements ≥ 300 ≥ 500 ≥ 15 ≥ 17 ≥ 14 ≥ 0.13
Note 3 1.0
GMW14400M-ST-S-HS1300T/950Y-MS
Note 4, 1300
Finished Part 950 to
Note 5 to ≥5 ≥6 ≥ 4.5 N/A N/A
1250
1700

Note 1: Additional demands can be specified by the local business units.

Note 2: Mechanical properties of the material prior to stamping shall be determined by the stamping source.
Note 3: Induction heat treatment only allowed on uncoated substrates.
Note 4: If a standard tensile specimen may not be obtained from a finished part, micro-hardness in the core (HV1, 10, or 30 kg = 425
minimum) and macro-hardness on the surface 41 HRC to 50 HRC requirements shall be met.
Note 5: Mechanical properties only valid for finished parts.
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Note 1, Note 2
Table A4: Summary Requirements for Approved Coated PHS Materials
Coating Coating
Mass, Mass,
Triple Single Coating
Coating Chemical Spot, Spot, Thickness, Forming
Designation Material Call-Out Condition Composition (g/m²) (g/m²) (µm) Process
Al-Si-Pre-Coated
Aluminum: 85%
Prior to hot-
minimum 40 to 60 35 to 65 13 to 20
GMW14400M-ST-S- stamping
Silicon: 5 to 11% Direct Hot
AS40G40G-U HS1300T/950Y-MS-
Following Stamp
AS40G40G-U
hot- N/A N/A 20 to 33
stamping
Aluminum: 85%
Prior to hot-
minimum 60 to 100 50 to 110 20 to 33
GMW14400M-ST-S- stamping
Silicon: 5 to 11% Direct Hot
AS60G60G-U HS1300T/950Y-MS-
Following Stamp
AS60G60G-U
hot- N/A N/A 35 to 40
stamping
Note 1: Additional demands can be specified by the local business units.
Note 2: Prior to hot-stamping, suitable evaluation instruments to measure coating thickness on the as-received sheet include eddy current,
ferromagnetic, or microscopy. Magnetic inductive measurements are not recommended following the hot-stamping operation without
proper calibration.
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Appendix B

Table B1: Cross-Reference of Replaced/Superseded Specifications

GM Worldwide North America Europe Latin America Asia Pacific

GM4396M
GMW14400M-ST-T-HT1475T/1170Y-MS - - -
Type 1 (tubes)

GMW14400M-ST-S-HT1475T/1170Y-MS GMN7486 - - -

GM6429M,
GMW14400M-ST-S-HT1300T/950Y-MS - - -
GMN10063

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Appendix C

Note 1, Note 2
Table C1: Summary Requirements for Developmental Coated PHS Materials
Coating Coating
Mass, Mass,
Triple Single Coating
Coating Chemical Spot, Spot, Thickness, Forming
Designation Material Call-Out Condition Composition (g/m²) (g/m²) (µm) Process
Zn Pre-Coated
Prior to
Zinc: > 99.9% per
heat 64 to 93 55 to 105 9 to 13
GMW14400M-ST-S- GMW8 Indirect
treatment
HD60G60G-U HS1300T/950Y-MS- Hot
HD60G60G-U Following
Stamp
heat N/A N/A 15 to 30
treatment
Prior to
Zinc: > 99.9% per
heat 50 to 65 45 to 75 7 to 9 Direct or
GMW14400M-ST-S- GMW8
treatment Indirect
HD50G50G-U HS1300T/950Y-MS-
Following Hot
HD50G50G-U
heat N/A N/A 14 to 22 Stamp
treatment
Zn-Fe Pre-Coated
Prior to hot-
Zinc: 87 to 92 80 to 95 70 to 105 11 to 14
GMW14400M-ST-S- stamping
Direct Hot
HD80A80A-U HS1300T/950Y-MS- Following Stamp
HD80A80A-U heat N/A N/A 19 to 26
treatment
Prior to hot-
Zinc: 87 to 92 65 to 95 55 to 105 9 to 13
GMW14400M-ST-S- stamping
Direct Hot
HD65A65A-U HS1300T/950Y-MS- Following Stamp
HD65A65A-U heat 15 to 25
treatment
Zn-Ni Pre-Coated
Zinc: 88.5% to
Prior to hot- 90.5%
60 to 88 50 to 100 8 to 12
GMW14400M-ST-S- stamping Nickel: 9.5% to
11.5% Direct Hot
EG60N60N-U HS1300T/950Y-MS-
Stamp
EG60N60N-U Following
hot- N/A 15 to 25
stamping
Note 1: Additional demands can be specified by the local business units.
Note 2: Prior to hot-stamping, suitable evaluation instruments to measure coating thickness on the as-received sheet include eddy current,
ferromagnetic, or microscopy. Magnetic inductive measurements are not recommended following the hot-stamping operation without
proper calibration.
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Deviations
Requirements for Local Business Units
Dev 3.2 Requirements on Delivery.
Dev 3.2.1 Chemical Requirements. An alternate base material chemistry may be used by local business
units as shown in Table D1. The use of the alternative chemistry must be reviewed and approved by Materials
Engineering and the responsible GSSLT and shall include a part specific global strategy if used on parts
manufactured in multiple regions.

Table D1: Chemical Composition of High Hardenability Alloy

High Hardenability Press Hardened Steel
Carbon 0.19% to 0.27%
Manganese 1.50% to 2.50%
Aluminum ≥ 0.010%
Silicon ≤ 0.50%
Phosphorous ≤ 0.030%
Sulfur ≤ 0.005%
Chromium ≤ 0.35%
Titanium 0.020% to 0.055%
Nitrogen ≤ 0.020%
Boron 0.0005% to 0.004%

Dev [Link] Base Metal.

GM-Asia Pacific and GM-Europe: Steel products shall have chemical composition that is agreed between
purchaser and supplier that is capable of achieving the desired mechanical properties specified in GMW14400.
Chemistries not meeting Table 1 requirements shall be reviewed by Advanced Technology - Welding Group at
[Link]@[Link] for approval.
Dev 3.2.2 Mechanical Requirements.
GM-Asia Pacific: Australian and Japanese Steel Suppliers for Holden shall perform tensile testing to
Japanese Industrial Standard JIS Z2201 (No. 5 test piece), respectively.
GM-Europe: All specified values must be met in the longitudinal (L) direction.
Axle tubes may be specified with the following final part requirements:
GMW14400M-ST-T-HT1200T/950Y-MS
YS: 950 MPa to 1050 MPa
TS: 1200 MPa minimum
A5: 6% minimum

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