THE PARTS AND FUNCTIONS OF
HUMAN RESPIRATORY SYTEM
THE HUMAN RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
* It is the system, consisting of tubes and is
responsible for the exchange of gases in
Humans by filtering incoming air
and transporting it into the microscopic
alveoli where gases are exchanged
* Your respiratory system provides the energy
needed by cells of the body to funtion
accroding to their designated tasks.
THE HUMAN RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
The organs of the
“Respiratory Tract”
can be divided into two groups
“STRUCTURALLY”
** The Upper Respiratory Tract ** The Lower Respiratory Tract
* Nose * Larynx
* Nasal cavity * Trachea
* Sinuses * Bronchial Tree
* Pharynx * Lungs
THE HUMAN RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
The organs of the
“Respiratory Tract”
can be divided into two groups
“FUNCTIONALLY”
** The Conducting Portion ** The Respiratory Portion
- system of interconnecting - system where the exchange of
cavities and tubes that respiratory gases occurs
conduct air into the lungs
* Nose * Respiratory
bronchioles
* Pharynx
* Alveolar Ducts
* Larynx
* Alveoli
* Trachea
* Bronchi
The Respiratory Epithelium
THE HUMAN RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
I. NOSE
A. N a s a l C a v i t y
B. P a r a n a s a l S i n u s e s
II. PHARYNX
III. L A R Y N X
A. E p I g i o t t i s
B. V o c a l C o r d s
IV. T R A C H E A
v. BRONCHI
A. B r o n c h i a l T r e e
VI. L U N G S
A. L o b e s o f t h e L u n g s
B. P l e u r a l C a v i t i e s
C. A l v e o l i
THE LUNGS
•The paired soft, spongy, cone-shaped lungs,
separated medially by the mediastinum and are
enclosed by the diaphragm and thoracic cage.
•2 layers of serous membrane, collectively known as
pleural membrane, enclose and protect each lung.
** Parietal Pleura
- outer layer attached to the thoracic cavity
** Visceral Pleura
- inner layer covering the lung itself
THE LUNGS
trachea
Right-3 lobes Left-2 lobes
THE LUNGS
* The two organs that extract oxygen from
inhaled air and expel carbon dioxide
in exhaled air.
* This is the main and primary organ of the
Respiratory System.
* The bronchus and large blood vessels enter each lung.
The Alveoli
The Alveoli
* They are cup-shaped out pouching lined
by epithelium and supported by a thin elastic
basement membrane.
•With that you can imagine having bunch of grapes
with each grape indicating and alveolus.
* Alveolar sacs are 2 or more alveoli that
share a common opening.
* This is where the primary exchange of gases occur.
Summary of FUNCTIONS
STRUCTURE FUNCTION
nose / nasal cavity warms, moistens, & filters air as it is inhaled
pharynx (throat) passageway for air, leads to trachea
larynx the voice box, where vocal chords are located
tube from pharynx to bronchi
rings of cartilage provide structure, keeps the
trachea (windpipe) windpipe "open"
trachea is lined with fine hairs called cilia which
filter air before it reaches the lungs
two branches at the end of the trachea, each
bronchi
lead to a lung
a network of smaller branches leading from the
bronchioles bronchi into the lung tissue & ultimately to air
sacs
the functional respiratory units in the lung
alveoli where gases (oxygen & carbon dioxide) are
exchanged (enter & exit the blood stream)
THE HUMAN RESPIRATORY TRACT
Adaptations
• Large Surface Area of Alveoli: The
lungs contain millions of alveoli,
providing an extensive surface area for
gas exchange.
• Thin Alveolar Walls: Alveoli have walls
that are only one cell thick, facilitating
rapid diffusion of gases.
• Rich Capillary Network: A dense
network of capillaries surrounds each
alveolus, ensuring a continuous blood
supply to maintain concentration
gradients.
• Moist Alveolar Surface: The inner
surfaces of alveoli are moist, allowing
gases to dissolve and diffuse more
readily.
Mechanism of breathing
CRITERIA INHALATION EXHALATION
Diaphragm Contracts and move Relax and moves upwards
downwards
External intercostal Contracts Relax
muscles
Internal intercostal Relax / Stretch Contract
muscles
Rib cage and sternum Moves upwards and Moves inwards and
outwards downwards
Volume of thoracic cavity Increases Decreases
Air pressure Decreases inside thorax Increases inside thorax
and lungs and lungs
Air movement Air enters the lungs Air is forced out of the
lungs
