RASPBERRY PI COURSE GUIDE
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NumPy and Visualization:
Matplotlib
Matplotlib.pyplot provides a MATLAB-like way of plotting. This means that pyplot has
many functions to make changes to a figure and pictures. Matplotlib in combination with
Jupyter Notebook is a popular way to visualize data using Python for all kinds of
applications in Artificial Intelligence and Data Science.
Example
Draw a line in a diagram from position (0,0) to position (6,250):
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
xpoints = np.array([0, 6])
ypoints = np.array([0, 250])
plt.plot(xpoints, ypoints)
plt.show()
Plotting x and y points
The plot() function is used to draw points (markers) in a diagram.
By default, the plot() function draws a line from point to point.
The function takes parameters for specifying points in the diagram.
Parameter 1 is an array containing the points on the x-axis.
Parameter 2 is an array containing the points on the y-axis.
If we need to plot a line from (1, 3) to (8, 10), we have to pass two arrays [1, 8] and
[3, 10] to the plot function.
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Example
Draw a line in a diagram from position (1, 3) to position (8, 10):
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
xpoints = np.array([1, 8])
ypoints = np.array([3, 10])
plt.plot(xpoints, ypoints)
plt.show()
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Plotting Without Line
To plot only the markers, you can use shortcut string notation parameter 'o', which
means 'rings'.
Example
Draw two points in the diagram, one at position (1, 3) and one in position (8, 10):
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
xpoints = np.array([1, 8])
ypoints = np.array([3, 10])
plt.plot(xpoints, ypoints, 'o')
plt.show()
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Multiple Points
You can plot as many points as you like, just make sure you have the same number of
points in both axis.
Example
Draw a line in a diagram from position (1, 3) to (2, 8) then to (6, 1) and finally to position
(8, 10):
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
xpoints = np.array([1, 2, 6, 8])
ypoints = np.array([3, 8, 1, 10])
plt.plot(xpoints, ypoints)
plt.show()
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Default X-Points
If we do not specify the points in the x-axis, they will get the default values 0, 1, 2, 3,
(etc. depending on the length of the y-points.
So, if we take the same example as above, and leave out the x-points, the diagram will
look like this:
Example
Plotting without x-points:
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
ypoints = np.array([3, 8, 1, 10, 5, 7])
plt.plot(ypoints)
plt.show()
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