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Analyzing Capacity of Existing Sewage Treatment Plants, Surat City

Research · March 2019

DOI: 10.21275/ART20195997

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 International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)
ISSN: 2319-7064
Impact Factor (2018): 7.426

Analyzing Capacity of Existing Sewage Treatment

Plants, Surat City
Abhishek Batliwala1, Rohan Kania2
1
Urban Planner, Padarrpan Architects, 107, 108/2nd Floor, Excellus Business Hub, AlthanBhimrad Road, Surat-395.17, Gujarat, India

2
Urban Planner, Facile Maven, A-7002 Ascon Plaza Office Complex, B/h. BhulkaBhavan School, Adajan, Surat-395009, Gujarat, India

Abstract: Disposing off sewage in any natural water bodies or in open land without being treated can causehazardous effect on
[Link] can even endanger human life. Sewage is water that emerges after utilization of fresh water by individual for
domestic, commercial and industrial purpose. Sewage must be treated before discharging into natural drains. Surat city in Gujarat state
of India with area about 326.515 sq. km. is selected for the research. Surat Municipal Corporation (SMC) is regulatory body in Surat
city. Aim of this study is to carry out Gap analysis of the Sewage Treatment Plants of Surat city by analyzing current and future
[Link] this document existing 11 Sewage Treatment Plants (STP) of Surat cityare studied with catchment areas. Growing water
demandand sewage generation is considered according to CPHEEO (Central Public Health and Environmental Engineering
Organization) guidelines. Sewage gap indicates difference between Projected Sewage treatment limits (according to SMC) and Projected
Sewage generation (according to future water demand).

Keywords: Infrastructure; Sewerage; Sewage generation; Sewage treatment; Sewage generation Gap

1. Introduction water generation is major problem in Surat city. After

identifying of problem, aim of the study and objectives for
Rapid rate of urbanization, industrialization, and achieving that Aim are framed. Work was started with
concentration of population towards cities ultimately reflect collecting geographical conditions and existing sewage
on higher demand of water for potable and non-potable scenario in city. Primary and secondary data collected from
[Link] city has a comprehensive sewerage system to serve several sources. Study is concluded with finding and
not only the domestic and commercial but also the industrial analyzing Sewage generation gap from collected data.
[Link] the City grew the City managers tried to
provide infrastructures matching the growth (Paliwal,
2017). The city is divided into six drainage zones with a
total length of 1776 km of sewerage network, 50 nos. of
sewage pumping stations and 11 existing sewage treatment
plants working under administration of SMC drainage
department. Till 2006, Surat city area of 112.27 [Link],
92.19 % area and 97.10% of the present population have
been covered with sewerage systems. With the increase in
the SMC limits from 112.274 [Link] to 326.515 [Link] in
2006 the coverage of sewerage has gone down from 92% to
47%.

Table 1: Existing Sewage scenario in Surat city

Coverage 149 [Link]. 74.00 %
Figure 1: Research Methodology
Length Of Sewer Network 1776 km.
Existing Sewage Treatment Plants 11 3. Study Area
Existing Sewage Pumping Stations 56
Surat is a fastest growing city in Asia and also a good
Main aim of this study is to carry out Gap analysis of the initiative in “Swacch Bharat” scheme in recent years. To
Sewage Treatment Plants of Surat city by analyzing current achieve good rank in scheme, Surat Municipal Corporation
and future scenario of Sewage generation. (SMC) has to take initiative to provide 100% treatment of
waste [Link] city is selected as study area to meet the
Objectives to accomplish goal are to analyze existing demand of Sewage treatment. Existing coverage of sewage
Sewage treatment scenario of Surat city. Second objective is treatment is only 74%. This study will give opportunity to
Gap analysis between current and future demand of sewage reach future demand for waste water treatment as well as
treatment. provide healthy [Link] city is situated at latitude
2112’N and longitude 7252’E on bank of river Tapi
2. Methodology having coastline of Arabian Sea on its West.

Study is started with identification of infrastructural

problems in Surat city, in which treatment of future waste

Volume 8 Issue 3, March 2019

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Licensed Under Creative Commons Attribution CC BY
Paper ID: ART20195997 10.21275/ART20195997 525
 International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)
ISSN: 2319-7064
Impact Factor (2018): 7.426

Figure 3: Water Demand

Sewage generation and Treatment

According to CPHEEO guidelines 80% of freshwater
utilization will be discharged in sewers after treatment.
Sewage generation is increasing due to population growth.
In the year 2011 total sewage generation of Surat city was
653.94 MLD. And in year 2015 generation is 800 MLD.

Figure 2: Study area location map N

Demographic Data
In this study secondary data sources are major part in data
collection. Data collection is carried out by collecting
secondary information in which city’s demographic data
collected from (Census 2011) and other secondary data from
Drainage department are collected. Population of Surat city
in 2011 is about 4466826 and growth rate of last decade
(viz. 2001-11) is 55.29%, and average annual growth rate is
around 4.5%.

Figure 4: Treatment plant Map

The waste division of the Surat Municipal Corporation gives

the important foundation to convey the sewerage from
household and mechanical foundations of the city to the
treatment plants, treating it and after that arranging it
suitably. At present total 11 Sewage Treatment Plants are
working under administration of SMC, which has treatment
Figure 2: Surat City Population capacity about 1032.5 MLD. This all 11 Treatment Plants
covers city area (i.e. 326.515 sq. km.).
Water Supply
In the year 2006, city limit was being expanded in two 4. Sewage Generation Gap Analysis
phases by State Government notification, about 27 Gram
panchayats and 8 Nagar palikas merged into Surat city. Due The study will based on future water supply and sewage
to expanded area and population, the master plan was generation. For that 2031 taken as projected year. Water
prepared to satisfy the water demand for the projected demand and sewage generation is calculated for overall
population growth. Future water demand is calculated as per Surat city as per projected population in 2031.
CPCB standards (183 lpcd). Preparation of revised Master
Plan is in progress at present by “Multimedia Consulting
4.1 Population forecasting
Engineers (Pvt.) Ltd.”, Ahmedabad.
Existing population of Surat city in the year 2011 is
44,66,826 as per Census 2011. Population for year 2031 is
estimate by average growth rate method. Surat city has
decennial population growth rate between year 2001-2011 is
Volume 8 Issue 3, March 2019
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Licensed Under Creative Commons Attribution CC BY
Paper ID: ART20195997 10.21275/ART20195997 526
 International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)
ISSN: 2319-7064
Impact Factor (2018): 7.426
55.29%, and average annual growth rate is around 4.5%. 4.4 Sewage Generation Gap
Estimated population for the year 2021 and 2031 is
69,36,534 and 1,07,71,744 respectively as per. Sewage Generation Gap of Surat city is calculated bytaking
difference between Projected Sewage treatment capacity of
Population forecasting SMC and Projected Sewage generation of city.

12000000 10771744
10000000

8000000
Population

6000000
4466826
4000000

2000000

0
2011 2031
Year
Figure 5Population projection
Figure 8: Projected Sewage Generation Gap
4.2 Future Water Demand
Treatment capacity of Surat city in the year 2021 is about
Water demand for the year 2031 is calculated as per future 1032.5 MLD. After augmentation and upgradation of all the
population of the year 2031. Existing water supply of the three plants capacity will be 1273 MLD. Future sewage
city in year 2015 is 1000 MLD while Per capita water generation in the year 2031 is 1577 MLD. Year 2021
supply is taken as 183 lpcd (as per CPCB guidelines). As per sewage treatment capacity will exceed from future sewage
projected population we can see in Error! Reference generation. In the year 2031 difference between sewage
source not [Link]! Reference source not found. treatment and sewage generation is about 304 MLD.
water demand for the projected year 2021 and 2031 is about Alteration of Sewage generation of the year 2021 and 2031
817 and 1971 MLD respectively. is shown inError! Reference source not found..

Table 2: Sewage Generation Gap

Projected Sewage
Projected Sewage Sewage
generation (as per
Year treatment capacity (as generation
future water
per SMC) in MLD gap in MLD
demand) in MLD
2015 845.5 800 -
2021 1032.5 1016 -
2031 1273 1577 304

5. Concluding Remarks

Figure 6: Future Water Demand Sewage issues in the city is increased due to expanded
boundaries and increased population which lead to
4.3 Future Sewage Generation environmental pollution. Growing population leads to
increase in water demand which results into higher sewage
Future sewage generation for the year 2031 is calculated generation. Ifwe see, the water supply scenario of Surat city
from 80% potable water demand for same year. Existing for the year 2015-16 is 1000 MLD and the sewage
sewage generation of Surat city in year 2015 is 800 MLD. generation of the city is 800 MLD. At present,treatment
Projected sewage generation in year 2021 will be 1015.51 plants are distributed all over the cities which is sufficient to
MLD and 1576.98 MLD in year 2031. treat the current sewage generated by the city till the year
2021. Gap analysis was carried out to identify whether the
existing treatment plants of the city cater the requirement of
existing as well as future sewage generated by the city. It is
analyzed from study that Surat city will have higher
generation of waste water in future years (viz. 2031), and
hence moreinfrastructure facilities are required to treat
future waste water generation.

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Volume 8 Issue 3, March 2019

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Licensed Under Creative Commons Attribution CC BY
Paper ID: ART20195997 10.21275/ART20195997 527
 International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)
ISSN: 2319-7064
Impact Factor (2018): 7.426
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