ĐỘNG TỪ KHUYẾT THIẾU

CAN / SHOULD / MAY… + V NGUYÊN THỂ

Động từ khuyết thiếu Nghĩa
can / could / be able to có thể
may / might có lẽ
must phải (bắt buộc) – chủ quan
have to phải (không bắt buộc như must) – khách quan
need cần phải
should = ought to = had better nên
will / would / shall sẽ

1. Can - Could
CAN
- Dùng để diễn tả khả năng hiện tại hoặc tương lai mà ai đó có thể làm được, hoặc sự việc nào đó có thể xảy
ra: I can speak English fluently.
- Xin phép: Can I use your computer?
- Diễn tả khả năng: Smoking can cause lung cancer.
COULD
- Diễn tả khả năng trong quá khứ: I could read when I was six years old.
- Sự xin phép một cách lịch sự: Excuse me, Could I use your phone?
- Diễn tả khả năng: It could rain tomorrow!
➨ Xin phép ( ở hiện tại đều có thể dùng will và would)
➨ Yêu cầu, đề nghị ( ở hiện tại đều có thể dùng will và would)
➨ Can you turn off the TV, please?/ Could I ask you a question?
Ngoài Can và Could thì bạn có thể dùng able to để thay thế.

2. Must
- Diễn tả một sự bắt buộc theo hiện tại hoặc tương lai, mang tính chủ quan, nếu không làm sẽ cảm thấy áy
náy: He must go to bed at 10.30 pm everyday.
- Lời đoán hoặc sự chắc chắn về điều gì đó có căn cứ: He must be very tired after working hard all day long.
- Mustn’t - sự cấm đoán: You mustn’t smoke at the hospital.
- Phủ định trong quá khứ của “must” là “had to”: They had to do this task yesterday.

3. May - Might
MAY
- Thể hiện sự xin phép: May I use your phone please?
- Thể hiện khả năng, xác suất: It may rain tomorrow!
MIGHT
- Hỏi, xin phép lịch sự hơn: Might I interrupt for a moment?
- Thể hiện khả năng, xác suất: The car looks nice but it might be expensive.
“May” và “might” dùng để xin phép, tuy nhiên “might” hầu như chỉ dùng trong câu gián tiếp và ít dùng
trong văn nói. Mức độ có thể nếu xác suất thấp thì dùng Might và cao hơn thì dùng May.

4. Need not
- Không cần thiết, không bắt buộc phải làm gì đó: I needn’t come with us.
- Có thể sử dụng “don’t/ doesn’t need to…”: We don’t need to hurry.

5. Will
- Đoán sự việc có thể xảy ra trong tương lai: It will be rainy tomorrow

6. Would
- Diễn tả giả định xảy ra, dự đoán sự việc xảy ra trong quá khứ: He would be exhausted when hear this bad
news.
- Mô tả những sự kiện chắc chắn sẽ xảy ra trong tương lai: I will go to the supermarket tomorrow.
Will và would có thể dùng trong câu đề nghị, yêu cầu, lời mời:
Will you give me your address?
Will you shut the door?
Would you like a car?
Would you like some coffee?

7. Shall
Đề xuất làm gì với ngôi “I”, “we” hoặc giao nhiệm vụ cho người khác một cách trang trọng
What shall we meet?
We shall commit doing the articles in the agreement.

8. Should / ought to / had better

Đưa ra lời khuyên, nên làm gì.
You should spend more time practicing listening to English lectures.
You ought to eat less meat and dairy products to avoid diseases such as cancer or diabetes.
9. Have to
- Bắt buộc phải làm gì đó vì sự cần thiết, thường mang tính chất khách quan: You have to sign your name
here.
- Mức độ bắt buộc của “have to” không cao bằng “must”
- Phủ định của have to là “don’t/ doesn’t have to”.

10. Used to

Trường hợp sử dụng Ví dụ

Used to V: Đã từng làm gì ➨ I used to eat a lot of ice - cream when I was a little girl.

To get/ be used to Ving: Quen

➨ I get used to/ am used to eating a glass of water before having dinner.
với việc làm gì

LUYỆN TẬP
EX1: Chọn từ thích hợp
1. You must / should / shouldn’t be 18 before you can drive in Spain
 2. You don’t have to / mustn’t / shouldn’t go to bed so late. It’s not good for you.
3. You don’t have to / mustn’t / shouldn’t wear a school uniform in most Spanish state schools.
4. You must / mustn’t / needn’t come. I can do it without you.
5. You don’t have to / must / mustn’t copy during exams.
6. You don’t have to / mustn’t / shouldn’t be very tall to play football.
7. You must / mustn’t / needn’t be a good writer to win the Pulitzer Prize.
EX2: Viết lại các câu sau đây sao cho nghĩa không đổi.
1. Perhaps Susan knows the address. (may)
→ Susan______________________________________________
2. It’s possible that Joanna didn’t receive my message. (might)
→ Joanna ______________________________________________
3. The report must be on my desk tomorrow. (has)
→ The report ______________________________________________
4. I managed to finish all my work. (able)
→ I______________________________________________
5. It was not necessary for Nancy to clean the flat. (didn’t)
→ Nancy______________________________________________
EX3: Khoanh tròn đáp án đúng
1. When my father was young, he _____ work in the garden for long hours.
a. can b. could c. will d. should
2. He_____ have committed the crime because he was with me that day.
a. mustn't b. shouldn't c. won't d. couldn't
3. Since we have to be there by 8.30, we_____ take a taxi.
a. had better b. may c. ought d. are able to
4. It_____ rain this evening. Why don't you take an umbrella?
a. could be b. must c. might d. had better
5. _____ you help me with the homework?
a. May b. Shall c. Should d. Will
6. She hasn't eaten anything since yesterday. She_____ be really hungry.
a. might b. will c. must d. can
7. I put my keys on the table, but now it's gone. Someone_____ have taken it.
a. may b. had to c. should d. would rather
8. Daisy is reading her English test because she has a test tomorrow. She_____ be studying.
a. will b. should c. must d. can
9. We _____ put the fish in the fridge before it spoils.
a. had to b. may c. can d. had better
10. Mr. Brown is very rich. He_____ work hard for a living.
a. mustn't b. shouldn't c. can't d. doesn't have to
11. Tom has just got a new job. He_____ be very pleased.
a. might b. must c. should d. will
12. Tom panted his room black. It looks dark and dreary. He _____ have chosen another
colour.
a. should b. must c. could d. may
13. _____ you carry this bag for me?
a. May b. Should c. Will d. Shall
14. You _____ throw litter on the streets.
a. mustn't b. couldn't c. needn't d. won't
15. My mother permitted me to go out at night. She said, "You_____ go out tonight".
a. may b. have to c. must d. ought to
16. It is possible that she will come to our party tonight. She ....come her tonight.
a. need b. may c. should d. will
17. They can type. They_____ type.
a. lean how to b. are able to c. know how to d. both B &C
18. He advised me to take an English course. I_____ take it early.
a. should b. shall c. will d. may
19. I'd rather_____ in the field than_____ home.
a. to work/ to stay b. work/ stay c. working/ staying d. worked/stayed
20. As an orphan, he _____ earn his living alone.
a. have to c. has had to c. ought to d. had to
EX4: Điền động từ: must, mustn’t, don’t have to vào chỗ trống
I …………(1) go to school from Monday to Friday. We …………(2) wear a uniform, so I normally wear
sports clothes. We ……………(3) arrive late, and we …………(4) go to every class. In class, we
…………(5) shout, play or sing. We …………(6) have lunch at school, so I sometimes go home. When
school finishes, I …………(7) take after my little sister. When my parents come home, I …………(8) stay
in, so I usually go out with my friends. When I get home, I …………(9) do my homework. I …………(10)
go to bed late, except on Fridays, when I …………(11) go to bed before midnight.
EX5: Viết lại câu sao cho nghĩa không đổi
1. I think you should give up smoking immediately. (had)
I think you ……………………………………………………
2. I am sure you were surprised when you heard all the news (must)
You ………………………………………………………………….. when you heard the news
3. It’s very inconvenient if you can’t drive. (able)
…………………………………………………………………
4. Someone almost certainly broke the window on purpose. (must)
The window ………………………………………………….. on purpose
5. I am sure that the cat is in the house somewhere. (must)
……………………………………………………………………
6. It is possible that one of the men died on the mountain. (may)One of the men
……………………………………………………on the mountain.
7. It’s necessary for me to bring my passport. (have)
I ……………………………………………………………………
8. It wasn’t necessary for you to do all this work (needn’t)
You ………………………………………………….. all this work
9. I am sure that John is not the thief. (can’t)
…………………………………………………………………..
EX6: Điền động từ can, could, may, might, must, should, ought to, need vào chỗ trống
1. You ____________ take an umbrella. It looks like it's going to rain.
2. ____________ you please help me carry these bags?
3. She ____________ have forgotten her wallet at home.
4. We ____________ finish the project by tomorrow.
5. You ____________ be more careful when driving.
6. We ____________ go to the store to buy some groceries.
7. ____________ you please lend me your pen?
8. He ____________ have left his phone at the office.
9. You ____________ arrive early for the meeting.
10. They ____________ be tired after such a long journey.
11. ____________ I ask you a personal question?
12. Students ____________ wear a school uniform.
13. She ____________ have forgotten her keys at home.
14. I ____________ go to the dentist for a check-up.
15. We ____________ be more responsible with our money