JAVA SERVLET

PROGRAMMING
Instructor: DieuNT1

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Learning Goals

Can use
Servlet to
develop web
application
Understand
Servlet

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Table Content
◊ Introduction to Servlet
◊ Servlet API
◊ Servlet Request and Response
◊ Servlet Context
◊ Create servlet in Eclipse IDE

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 Section 1

INTRODUCTION TO SERVLET

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Servlet Overview
 Java Servlets are programs that run on a Web or Application
server and act as a middle layer between a request coming
from a Web browser or other HTTP client and databases or
applications on the HTTP server.
 Performance is significantly better.
 Servlets are platform-independent because they are written in
Java.

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Servlet Architecture
 A Servlet is a class, which implements the javax.servlet.Servlet interface.
 To write a servlet we need to implement Servlet interface.
 Servlet interface can be implemented directly or indirectly by
extending GenericServlet or HttpServlet class.
 Purpose of extending the HttpServlet class is to provide the HTTP
specific services to your servlet.

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Servlet Architecture

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Servlet Application works
 Web container is responsible for managing execution of
servlets and JSP pages or Java EE application:
 User sends request for a servlet by clicking a link that has URL to a
servlet.
 The container finds the servlet using deployment descriptor and creates
two objects:
• HttpServletRequest
• HttpServletResponse

1 2

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Servlet Application works
 Then the container calls the Servlet's service() method and passes the
request, response objects as arguments.
 The service() method, then decides which servlet method, doGet() or
doPost() to call.
3 4

 Then the Servlet uses response object to write the response back to the
client. 5 6

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Servlet Life Cycle
 A servlet life cycle can be defined as the entire process from its creation till
the destruction.
 The following are the paths followed by a servlet:
 The servlet is initialized by calling the init () method.
 The servlet calls service() method to process a client's request.
 The servlet is terminated by calling the destroy() method.
 Finally, servlet is garbage collected by the garbage collector of the JVM.

Servlet container provides the execution The Web container manages a servlet by
environment for Servlet. invoking various life cycle methods.
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 Section 2

SERVLET API

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HttpServlet Class
 The HttpServlet class extends the GenericServlet class and implements
Serializable interface.
 It provides http specific methods such as doGet, doPost, doHead, doTrace etc.
 Method doGet responds to get requests
 Retrieve the content of a URL.
 Method doPost responds to post requests
 Post data from an HTML form to a server-side form handler.
 Browsers cache Web pages.
 HttpServletRequest and HttpServletResponse objects
 Created by the servlet container and passed as an argument to the servlet's
service methods (doGet, doPost, etc.)
 HttpServletRequest object contains request from the client,
 HttpServletResponse object provides HTTP-specific functionality in sending a
response (access HTTP headers, cookies, etc.)

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HttpServlet Class
 public void service(ServletRequest req,ServletResponse res):
 dispatches the request to the protected service method by converting
the request and response object into http type.
 protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse res):
 receives the request from the service method, and dispatches the
request to the doXXX() method depending on the incoming http request
type.
 protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse res):
 handles the GET request. It is invoked by the web container.
 protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse res):
 handles the POST request. It is invoked by the web container.
 protected void doHead(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse res)
 handles the HEAD request. It is invoked by the web container.
 protected void doOptions(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse
res)
 handles the OPTIONS request. It is invoked by the web container.
 protected void doPut(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse res)
 handles the PUT request. It is invoked by the web container.

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HttpServlet Class
 protected void doTrace(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse res):
 handles the TRACE request. It is invoked by the web container.

 protected void doDelete(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse

res)
 handles the DELETE request. It is invoked by the web container.

 protected long getLastModified(HttpServletRequest req)

 returns the time when HttpServletRequest was last modified since midnight January 1,
1970 GMT.

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 Section 3

SERVLET REQUEST AND RESPONSE

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HttpServletRequest
 HttpServletRequest interface adds the methods that relates to
the HTTP protocol.
 Methods (extension/addition method)

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HttpServletResponse
 HttpServletResponse interface adds the methods that relates
to the HTTP response.
 Methods (extension/addition method)

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RequestDispatcher
 RequestDispatcher is an interface, implementation of which
defines an object which can dispatch request to any
resources(such as HTML, Image, JSP, Servlet) on the server.
 Methods:

 Example:

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RequestDispatcher
redirection vs request dispatching
 The main difference between a redirection and a request
dispatching:
 redirection makes the client(browser) create a new request to get to the
resource, the user can see the new URL;
 request dispatch get the resource in same request and URL does not
changes.

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ServletContext
 An object of ServletContext is created by the web container at time of
deploying the project. This object can be used to get configuration
information from web.xml file.
 Servlet Context has 3 main methods:
 GetAttribute ()
 SetAttribute ()
 RemoveAttribute ()
 Servlet Context help provides communication between the servlet
 Servlet Context can also be used to obtain configuration information
web.xml.

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ServletContext Example

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Servlet Context
Sample

 We can change the init() method of the SurveyServlet as below:

 Then we need to amend the web.xml file to specify the initial

context parameters:

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 Section 4

CREATE SERVLET IN ECLIPSE IDE

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Steps to create Servlet using Eclipse IDE
 Create a Dynamic Web Project, give a name to your project (Ex: SMS_P1)
1

A directory structure of your

Project will be automatically
created by Eclipse IDE.
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Steps to create Servlet using Eclipse IDE
Create a Servlet class by extends HttpServlet.

Add servlet-api.jar JAR

file to your project

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Handling HTTP get Requests
 Create a Servlet (WelcomeServlet.java):

Import the javax.servlet and javax.servlet.http packages.

Extends HttpServlet to handle HTTP get requests and HTTP

post requests.
doGet
Override method doGet to provide custom get request
processing.

Uses the response object’s setContentType method to specify

the content type of the data to be sent as the response to the
client.

Uses the response object’s getWriter method to obtain a

reference to the PrintWriter object that enables the servlet to
send content to the client.

Create the XHTML document by writing strings with the out

object’s println method.

Closes the output stream, flushes the output buffer and sends the
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 Create Deployement Descriptor
1 <!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
Deployment
2 "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.2//EN"
3 "http://java.sun.com/j2ee/dtds/web-app_2_2.dtd"> descriptor
4 Element web-app defines the configuration of (web.xml) for
5 <web-app>
each servlet in the Web application and the servlet the Web
6
7 <!-- General description
mapping for each servlet.
of your Web application --> application.
8 <display-name>
Element display-name specifies a name
9 Sample
10 Servlet Examples
that can be displayed to the administrator
11 </display-name> of the server on which the Web
12 application is installed.
13 <description>
Element description specifies a
14 This is the Web application in which we
15 demonstrate our JSP and Servlet examples.
description of the Web application that
16 </description> might be displayed to the administrator of
17 the server.
18 <!-- Servlet definitions -->
19 <servlet> Element servlet describes a servlet. Element servlet-name is the
20 <servlet-name>welcome</servlet-name>
name for the servlet.
21
22 <description> Element description
23 A simple servlet that handles an HTTP get request. specifies a description for this
24 </description>
particular servlet.
25
26 <servlet-class> Element servlet-class specifies
27 atjb.day3.WelcomeServlet compiled servlet’s fully
28 </servlet-class> qualified class name.
29 </servlet>
30

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 Create Deployement Descriptor
31 <!-- Servlet mappings -->
32 <servlet-mapping>
33 <servlet-name>welcome</servlet-name>
Element servlet-mapping
34 <url-pattern>/welcomeServlet</url-pattern>
specifies servlet-name and url-
pattern elements.
35 </servlet-mapping>
36
37 </web-app>

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Handling HTTP get Requests
 Jsp page in which the form’s action invokes WelcomeServlet through the
alias welcome specified in web.xml.
 Example: Welcome.jsp

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Handling HTTP post Requests
 HTTP post request
 Post data from an HTML form to a server-side form handler
 Browsers cache Web pages
 Practices time:
 Let’s try to see differences between HTTP post and HTTP get requests
 Use HTTPServletRequest’s getParameter method() to get param value

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Practices time
 Handling HTTP post Requests sample:
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/WelcomeServlet?"
method="post">

User Login

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Summary
Introduction to Servlet
Servlet API
Servlet Request and Response
Servlet Context
Create servlet in Eclipse IDE

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 Thank you

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