Environmental Standards

Control of Emissions to Air

From Stationary Sources
 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia National Environmental Standard

Control of Emissions to Air from Stationary Sources

Article I – Preliminary cranes or other machines using any combustible

material for their operation;

‘KSA’ Refers to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia;

1) Definitions
‘level' shall mean the concentration of a pollutant in
‘airsheds’ shall refer to a geographic area that, due ambient air or the deposition thereof on surfaces in a
to topography, meteorology, and climate, shares the given time;
same air;
‘limit value' shall mean a level fixed on the basis of
‘best available techniques (BAT)’ refers to the scientific knowledge, with the aim of avoiding,
most effective and advanced stage in the preventing or reducing harmful effects on human
development of activities and their methods of health and/or the environment as a whole, to be
operation which indicate the practical suitability of attained within a given period and not to be
particular techniques for providing on principle the exceeded once attained;
basis for emission limit values designed to prevent
and, where that is not practicable, generally to ‘natural events' shall mean volcanic eruptions,
reduce emissions and the impact on the environment seismic activities, geothermal activities, wild-land
as a whole. fires, high-wind events or the atmospheric re-
suspension or transport of natural particles from dry
‘combustion plant’ means any technical apparatus regions;
in which fuels are oxidised in order to use the heat
thus generated. 3
‘normal cubic metre (Nm )’ means that volume of
dry gas which occupies a cubic metre at a
‘Competent Agency’ Refers to the Presidency of temperature of zero degrees Celsius and at an
Meteorology and Environment or officially designated absolute pressure equivalent to one atmosphere;
authority as detailed in Part x, Section x;
‘mass flow’ shall refer to the mass of a substance
‘control equipment’ means any device that being emitted in a set time period. Mass flows within
controls, limits, measures, records or indicates air this standard are defined in terms of grams per hour.
pollution;
‘operators’ the owner or operator of a business or
‘degraded airshed’ shall refer to airshed within industrial enterprise;
which the ambient air quality standards have been
infringed (as set out within the Ambient Air Quality ‘ozone depleting substances’ For the purposes of
Standards). this article ozone depleting substances will refer to all
chloroflouro compounds of the haloalkanes including
‘designated body’ An individual or organisation that CFC’s, HCFC’s and HFC.
has been officially recognised in writing by PME as
acting in their authority; ‘PM2.5' is particulate matter with an aerodynamic
diameter of up to 2.5 µm, referred to as the fine
‘dispersion zones’ shall refer to the area particle fraction;
immediately adjacent to a permitted source of air
pollution where the prescribed limit values within the ‘PM10' is particulate matter with an aerodynamic
Ambient Air Quality Standards may be exceeded and diameter of up to 10 µm, the fine and coarse particle
such an area is determined pursuant to Article IV (2); fractions combined;

‘fugitive emission’ shall refer to a gas, liquid, solid, ‘PME’ Refers to the Presidency of Meteorology and
vapour, fume, mist, fog, or dust containing a Environment who are designated as the responsible
controlled product that escapes from process authority for the protection of the environment and
equipment, emission control equipment, a product or the development of environmental protection
a device in any facility; standards in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia;

‘GER’ Refers to the General Environmental ‘pollutant' shall mean any substance introduced
regulation; directly or indirectly by man into the ambient air and
likely to have harmful effects on human health and/or
‘industrial plant’ means any plant used for the the environment as a whole;
generation of power, or for any industrial use, or for
the operation of vessels, dredges, locomotives, ‘regulator’ shall refer to the Competent Agency or
designated body;
 4) Scope
‘stationary source’ shall refer to a type of air
pollution source that releases emissions from a a) These standards apply to any facility, site, or
specific location and is permanent or semi- premises whose activities give rise to air emissions
permanent structures at that location. Examples are from a stationary source.
smokestacks, vents, power plants, mines and
buildings; b) The scope of this standard does not include
emissions from residential properties, natural events
‘vapour recovery systems’ refers to active or or mobile pollutant sources.
passive systems that recovers vapours of VOCs
from vapour producing processes or machinery such
as petrol filling pumps.
5) Exemptions
‘volatile organic compounds’ are a group carbon
based compounds that have high enough vapour a) Exemptions may apply in circumstances where the
pressures under normal conditions to significantly enforcement of this standard impractical and/or
vaporize and enter the atmosphere. inappropriate. Exemption in specified areas may be
made for, but not restricted to, the activities specified
in table 1. The Competent Agency will determine
2) Citation where these exemptions apply and which activities
beyond this list are included.
This document should be cited as the Standards for
the Control of Emissions to Air from Stationary Table 1 – Exempt activities
Sources. This standard revises the current General
Standards for the Environment (specifically Activity Exemption
document number 1409-01) issued by the applies
Presidency of Meteorology and Environment (PME).
Permitted variations subject Subject to permit
to Article IV (4). conditions
Fire fighting exercises At all times
3) Timescales for implementation
.
a) The effective date of this standard is 01/05/1433H 6) Powers of authority
corresponds to 24/03/2012G.

a) Within the scope of these standards the

Competent Agency may:
3) Purpose
i) enforce the limit values detailed in
Appendix A for air contaminant emissions
a) The objective of this standard is to set out point from stationary sources;
source air quality Standards for the Kingdom of
Saudi Arabia for sustainable management of air ii) prescribe specific requirements as to
quality within the Kingdom. other characteristics of point source
emissions;
b) This standard introduces emission limits for
individual facilities, and assists in the protection of iii) authorise such relaxations of and
the Kingdom’s public health, occupational health and departures from this standard, to make
natural ecosystems, including cropland, forest, any such authorisations subject to the
desert and wetlands whilst allowing economic and prescribed conditions, and to modify or
social development. revoke any such authorisation; and

c) This standard shall obligate operators to apply iv) authorise a locally Designated Agency to
effective process controls or best available pollution exercise any power conferred by
abatement techniques to meet emission limit criteria. regulations made by virtue of paragraphs
(i)-(iii) above.
d) This standard will establish individual facility
monitoring programmes that provide information to
both operator and regulator and facilitate more b) The Competent Agency may for the purposes of
effective pollution control activities. this Standard, appoint persons to act on their behalf
as technical assessors and monitors in relation to the
e) The Competent Agency shall liaise with relevant powers and duties conferred on him by these
bodies responsible for the protection of nationally standards and/or subsequent amendments.
and internationally designated sites and species to
ensure that point source emission standards are c) A person or organisation appointed by the
appropriate to maintain and improve air quality. Competent Agency shall carry out such
investigations for the purpose of ascertaining
 whether or not any duty or other requirement c) All appeals should be fully supported with a
imposed on that party by this standard is being, has documented case containing as a minimum, the
been, or is likely to be contravened. information required under the appeals process of
the General Environmental Regulations.
d) In addition to the responsibilities conferred by
other sections contained within these standards, it
shall be the duty of facility;
10) Periodic review
i) to give the Competent Agency all such
assistance; and a) There may be some requirement at a future date to
adjust the standards included to recognise specific
ii) to provide the Competent Agency with local conditions and or improved understanding of the
such information, as may reasonably be effects of mobile source air emissions.
required for the purpose of carrying out an
investigation. b) As a minimum, the Competent Agency shall
undertake a periodic review of this standard every 5
e) The Competent Agency may; years.
i) enter any premises for the purpose of c) Where new information suggests that adjustments
carrying out any such investigation are required to this standard, all changes will be
detailed in Article I (5(c); subject to the appropriate consultation and will be
notified to facilities by the Competent Agency.
ii) carry out any appropriate inspections, Appropriate implementation time will be allowed.
measurements or tests on facilities
entered; and

iii) at any time require any relevant party to Article II – General provisions
supply him with copies of, or of extracts
from, the contents of any records kept for
the purpose of demonstrating compliance
1) Units of measurement
with point source emission standards.

7) Enforcement a) Where numerical values are stated in relation to

point source air emission standards the units are also
present, these will vary according to the parameter
a) Failure to comply with the requirements of these referenced.
standards may lead to prosecution by the Competent
Agency and those convicted of such failure may be b) Milligrams per normal metre cubed (mg/Nm3) shall
subject to fines or periods of imprisonment as laid out be used to indicate the concentration of gaseous,
in the General Environmental Regulations. particulate and toxic pollutants.
b) It is anticipated that the requirements of this
standard will be enforced nationally with inspections
taking place to verify their implementation at a 2) Permits
regional and local level.
a) In circumstances where a facility, site or premises
can provide substantive evidence that the prescribed
8) Penalty fines emission limits are not practicable, a permit may be
issued that allows parameters within Appendix A to be
temporarily exceeded.
a) Maximum fines that may be imposed for exceeding
the applicable standard, breach of permit and failure b) The permit application form in Appendix C must be
to comply with an abatement notice are set out in the completed in full and submitted to the Competent
General Environmental Regulations. Agency within 180 days of the effective date for this
standard.

9) Appeals c) The permit application must be accompanied by

supporting documentation, which may include:
a) A right of appeal exists for any organisation or i) monitoring data showing current emission
individual who is required to take action as a characteristics;
consequence of the implementation of the revised
standard. ii) an assessment of the location of sensitive
receptors that may be affected by the
b) The right of appeal against conviction or sentence emission;
is available through the appropriate judicial system as
set out in the General Environmental Regulations.
 iii) an assessment of background air quality c) The emission limits specified in Appendix A are set
and contributions from natural sources; at a level which:

iv) age of plant and configuration of i) contribute to the maintenance of ambient

processes; air quality.

v) availability of technology; and ii) control the wider spatial and trans-
boundary effects of air pollution; and
vi) economic analysis showing that abatement
is not feasible within the prescribed iii) recognise the importance of international
timescales for implementation. air quality agreements.

d) Point source emission standards shall be defined in

d) The Competent Agency may seek to externally terms of a concentration and a volumetric loading
verify any evidence provided. threshold. This threshold represents the
instantaneous loading rate at which this standard
e) Granting or refusal of a permit is at the discretion of becomes active (Appendix A).
the Competent Agency and will be decided on a case
by case basis. e) There is no specific exemption for start-up, shut-
down or maintenance procedures. During these times
f) In the event that a permit application is rejected, the the following applies, compliance with which will be
facility must meet the requirements of this standard or determined by the Competent Agency:
risk penalties as detailed in Article III.
i) At all times including start-up, shut-down
g) In the event that a permit application is accepted, a and maintenance, the facility must operate
permit will be issued that may impose operating in a manner that minimises emissions to
conditions, revised emission limits and a time-bound the greatest extent possible with current
improvement schedule. best available techniques; and
ii) the duty imposed by (i) above does not
require the source to achieve emission
levels required by Appendix A if those
3) Abatement notices
levels are not consistent with BAT.

a) Where the Competent Agency identifies activities

that pose significant current or potential 2) Dispersion zones and stack height
environmental risk, it may issue an abatement notice
that will detail abatement actions. These may include a) Stack height should be equal or greater than H +
the termination of activities which must be undertaken 1.5L, where H is the height of nearby structures and
to reduce that risk. L is the lesser dimension of either the height or
projected width of nearby structures. However, stack
b) Activities which are not in contravention of height and design will be ultimately determined by
stationary source emission threshold values may still clauses c) and d) of this section relating to dispersion
be subject to the conditions of an abatement notice. zones.

c) The requirements of an abatement notice are b) Subject to approval by the Competent Agency,
legally enforceable. Ambient Air Quality Standards may be exceeded in
the immediate vicinity of a point source of air
pollution. These areas are referred to as dispersion
zones.
Article IV – Point source emission controls
c) A dispersion zone must not impinge upon a
sensitive receptor. Sensitive receptor, in this case,
1) Stationary source emission limits refers to:

a) In all circumstances point source air emissions i) any area where there is a permanent
from any facility must not contain substances in human presence;
concentrations that exceed the Normal Limit Values
as set out in Appendix A of this standard. ii) areas used for livestock or crop
production; and
b) If a facility is within a degraded airshed the
competent agency has the power to enforce all or iii) areas that are protected for conservation,
some of the Degraded Airshed Emission Limits set ecological status or amenity value.
out in Appendix A. These emission limit values are
based on what is technologically feasible to achieve d) It is the responsibility of the facility operator to
while not incurring excessive costs. undertake dispersion modelling, or other appropriate
techniques, to ensure that the requirements of (3)b)
are met.
 e) Records of calibration programmes for
instrumentation and relevant calibration certificates
issued by a certified calibration laboratory may be
3) Cumulative impacts requested by the Competent Agency at any time.

a) Where the cumulative impact of multiple point f) The mass thresholds for determining whether a
and/or mobile sources of air pollution cause Ambient stationary source requires continuous monitoring are
Air Quality Standards to be exceeded, the given in Appendix B.
Competent Agency has the authority to adjust
emission limits or develop appropriate air quality
management strategies.
5) Information to be recorded
b) Where Ambient Air Quality Standards have been
met but where the quality of air remains a societal a) Records of monitoring data shall be maintained by
concern, the Competent Agency has authority to the operator of a facility for a period of at least 5
review local emission limits and air quality years and shall be made available to the Competent
management strategies. Agency upon request.

b) All records of the occurrence and duration of any

start up, shutdown or malfunction, performance test,
4) Monitoring and analysis evaluation, calibration, adjustment and maintenance
of the monitoring system, shall be retained by the
a) A monitoring programme for all relevant point operator of a facility for a period of at least 5 years
source air emissions must be established by the and shall be made available to the Competent
facility operator and will include as a minimum: Agency upon request.

i) parameters required to be monitored;

d) The following information should be recorded for
ii) sampling frequency; inspection and reporting purposes:

iii) sampling methods and equipment; i) the date, time, address location of the
measurements and the operator
iv) schedules for monitoring; undertaking them;

v) methods for quality assurance and ii) the type of instrumentation including the
validation of monitoring results; serial numbers of all elements of the
measurement system and the calibrator
vi) requirements for checking and interpreting used, the measurement procedure and
results; any calculation used;

vii) responsibilities and necessary iii) the settings of the sampler including the
qualifications of staff; dynamic range, slow or fast response, etc;

viii) requirements for documentation and iv) a description of the time aspect of the
management of records; and measurements. i.e. the reference and
measurement time intervals, including
ix) data to be recorded and details of sampling, if used;

x) requirements for reporting and v) measurement locations including sampler

communicating results. height above ground and distance from
source of generation; and
b) Where a site has multiple point sources each
qualifying emission must be monitored individually. vi) the conditions during the measurements
should be described qualitatively and
c) The site monitoring programme and monitoring quantitatively, including wind speed and
data must be available for inspection by the direction, thermal gradient, relative
Competent Agency at all times. humidity, and ambient temperature.

d) Sampling and analytical methods should be

carried out in accordance with the most recent 6) Sampling procedures
edition of the USEPA1 methodologies for the
sampling and analysis of point source and fugitive air a) Samples should be taken at the point of discharge
emissions. to the ambient environment or prior to this point
provided that no further modification of the flue gas is
possible.

1
As promulgated in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR).
 b) The measuring position shall be located at a place h) Tanks and pipework should have a planned
where the flue gas is under a comparatively uniform preventative maintenance schedule in place and
flow, avoiding a place where a duct bends or its documented on site.
sectional shape is sharply changed.
i) Vapour recovery systems should be installed on all
c) All sampling methodologies will be in accordance processes or installations where it is practicable to
1
with USEPA standard methods . do so including gasoline filling stations.

Article V – Management controls for fugitive emissions 3) Employee training

a) All employees or contract staff that have

1) Threshold values responsibilities for solvents either in a practical
process capacity or a management role should have
a) All facilities operating processes which use or completed training in the handling, use, good
require storage (above or below ground) of more housekeeping and waste management procedures
than 5 tonnes of Volatile Organic Compounds for solvents.
(VOCs) per year are subject to all provisions of this
Article other than those detailed in (b) below. b) Training records should be held centrally in
Human Resources files along with other employment
b) Those facilities operating processes which require records.
storage (above or below ground) of more than 200
tonnes of VOCs per year or operate at a throughput
rate of 150 kg of VOC containing substances per
hour at any time are also subject to part 4 of this 4) Fugitive emission management plans
article.
a) A fugitive emission management plan (FEMP) is
c) Those facilities processing less than 5 tonnes per required for sites that use either 200 tonnes of
year of VOC containing substances are required to solvents per year or operate at a rate of 150 kg of
deploy BAT to control fugitive emissions. solvents per hour at any time.

b) A FEMP must include as a minimum:

2) Operational controls
i) Identify sources of fugitive emissions
a) Ordering of raw materials that could be classified through inspection, monitoring and mass
as volatile organic compounds should be maintained balance calculations.
on a just in time and first in first out basis to reduce
wastage and site storage. ii) An inventory of VOC containing
substances listing and detailing all storage
b) Carbon steel, stainless steel and hot dip areas, transport pipes, delivery points,
galvanised steel are acceptable materials for solvent wastes and points of emission.
storage. Aluminium and magnesium alloys are not
acceptable. ii) Assign responsibilities for fugitive emission
management, monitoring and emissions
c) Plastic containers (preferably rigid intermediate reduction.
bulk containers) may be used for storage in
circumstances where there is no resistance problem iii) Identify targets for reduction in emissions
identified (for instance chlorinated solvents). and VOC losses.

d) Bulk storage tanks greater than 5000 litres must iv) Identify and implement operational controls
have vapour recovery systems fitted and during to achieve targets in (iii).
delivery they should be back vented to the delivery
tank to prevent the release of displaced vapours. v) Maintain annual reports on the progress
and status of fugitive emission
e) Sites must ensure that the tanks, containers, seals management.
and plugs are resistant to the substances contained
and pressure differentials likely under normal and
abnormal conditions excluding acts of nature.

f) To minimise solar heating effect on the tanks they 5) Ozone depleting substances (ODS)
should be positioned in sheltered areas and should
be light in colour. a) Owners and operators of refrigeration equipment
containing ozone depleting substances must take
g) Bulk storage tanks greater than 10,000 litres must precautionary measures to prevent and minimise
have conservation valves fitted. leakages.
b) For the purposes of this clause (a) only, an owner
or operator will include all facilities and premises with
the exception of residential properties.

c) A schedule for planned inspection and servicing of

equipment containing refrigerants must be available
and up to date at all times for inspection by the
Competent Agency.

d) Located with this schedule must be evidence of

inspection and servicing carried out in accordance
with the schedule in the form of job sheets and log
books.

e) Furthermore, there must be contained with this

information, clear procedures for reacting promptly in
the event of leaking equipment.

f) All equipment with a fluid recharge volume greater

than 3kg requires annual leak testing by an approved
contractor. These checks must be held in the log
book specified in (d) above.

g) At the time of replenishment or at end of asset life,

ODS must be sealed in a sealed container and must
not be allowed to vent directly to the atmosphere.

h) The contractor must provide a receipt to the

operator stipulating the volume of refrigerant
removed from the site and the serial number(s) of the
equipment.

i) The operator will keep these records with the log

book for inspection by the Competent Agency.
 Appendix A – Prescribed concentrations and values

Table A1 – Emission limit values for emissions to air from stationary sources

2
3 Threshold
Categories Emission limit values (ug/Nm ) Comment
(g/hr)

(A) Normal (B) Degraded airsheds

Specific Air Pollutants
Particulate matter (PM10) 150 100 500 Above background conditions
Particulate matter (PM2.5) 50 25 100 Above background conditions
Dioxins and Furans 0.0001 0.0001
SOx 600 400 1000
NOx 500 350 1000
Extremely toxic substances
∑Class I 0.05 0.05 0.02
∑Class I + II 0.1 0.1 0.5
Carcinogenic substances
∑Class I 0.1 0.05 0.5
∑Class I + II 1 0.5 5
∑Class I + II + III 3 1 25
Organic substances
∑Class I 40 20 25
∑Class I + II 150 100 100
Inorganic substances
(solid)
∑Class I 0.2 0.05 1
∑Class I + II 1 0.5 5
∑Class I + II + III 5 1 25
Inorganic substances
(gas/vapour)
Class I 3 0.5 10
Class II 15 3 50
Class III 100 30 300
Volatile organic carbons
(VOCs)
% of organic solvent lost in
complete process through Thresholds
fugitive emissions 5% 3% apply Refer to controls in Article V

Notes for facilities not subject to continuous monitoring requirements:

 All samples taken should meet the required emission limits specified.

Notes for facilities subject to continuous monitoring requirements:

 No daily mean value of each substance emitted can exceed the required emission limit.
 97% of all half-hourly means should not exceed 1.2 times the required emission limit.
 No 30 minute measurement shall exceed 2.0 times the required emission limit.

2
Where no threshold value is shown, the standard applies to all emission levels
Extremely toxic substances  Styrene oxide

Class I
 PCDD Inorganic substances (solid)

Class II Class I
 PCB  Cadmium and its compounds,
 PCT  expressed as Cd
 Mercury and its compounds, expressed as Hg
Carcinogenic substances  Thallium and its compounds, expressed as Tl

Class I Class II
 Asbestos (chrysotile, crocidolite, amosite, antofillite,  Selenium and its compounds, expressed as Se
actinolite and tremolite)  Tellurium and its compounds, expressed as Te
 Benzo(a)pyrene
 Beryllium and its compounds, expressed as Be Class III
 Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene  Antimony and its compounds, expressed as Sb
 2-Naphthylamine and its salts  Cyanides, expressed as CN
 Benzo(a)anthracene  Chromium(III) and its compounds, expressed as Cr
 Benzo(b)fluoranthene  Manganese and its compounds, expressed as Mn
 Benzo(j)fluoranthene  Palladium and its compounds, expressed as Pd
 Benzo(k)fluoranthene  Lead and its compounds, expressed as Pb
 Dibenzo (a,h) acridine  Platinum and its compounds, expressed as Pt
 Dibenzo(a)pyrene  Quartz, pulverised, if in the form of crystallised silicon
 Dimethylnitrosamine expressed as SiO2
 5-Nitroacenaphthene  Copper and its compounds, expressed as Cu
 2-Nitronaphthalene  Rhodium and its compounds, expressed as Rh
 1-Methyl-3-Nitro-1-Nitrosoguanidin  Tin and its compounds, expressed as Sn
 Vanadium and its compounds, expressed as V
Class II
 Arsenic and its compounds, expressed as As Inorganic substances (gas/vapour)
 Chromium(VI) and its compounds, expressed as Cr
 Cobalt and its compounds, expressed as Co Class I
 Dichlorobenzidine and its salts  Chlorocyanide
 Dimethyl sulphate  Phosphine
 Ethylenimine  Phosgene
 Nickel and its compounds, expressed as Ni
 4-Aminobiphenyl and its salts Class II
 Benzidine and its salts  Hydrocyanidric acid
 4,4'-Methylene-bis(2-Chloroanilin) and its salts  Bromine and its compounds, expressed as
 Diethyl sulphate hydrobromic acid
 3,3'-Dimethylbenzidine and its salts  Chlorine
 Hexamethylphosphorotriamide  Fluorine and its compounds, expressed as hydrofluoric
 2-Methylaziridine acid
 Methyl azoxymethyl acetate  Hydrogen sulphide
 Sulfallate
 Dimethyl carbamoylchloride Class III
 3,3'-Dimethoxybenzidine and its salts  Ammonia
 Gaseous or vaporous inorganic chlorine compounds,
Class III excluded chlorocyanide and phosgene, expressed as
 Acrylonitrile hydrochloric acid
 Benzene
 1,3-Butadiene Organic substances
 1-Chloro-2,3-epoxipropane (epichlorohydrine)
 1,2-Epoxipropane Class I
 1,2-Dichloroethane  1-bromo-3-chloropropane
 VCM  1,1-dichloroethane
 1,3-Dichloro-2-propanol  1,2-dichloroethylene, cis and trans
 Chloromethyl methyl ether  Ethanoic acid
 N,N-Dimethylhydrazine  Methyl formiate
 Hydrazine  Nitroethane
 Ethylene oxide  Nitromethane
 Ethylene thiourea  Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane
 2-Nitropropane  1,1,1-trichloroethane
 Bis-Chloromethylether  1,3,5-trioxane
 3-Propanolide  Anisidine
 1,3-Propane sultone  Butylmercaptan
 Chlorpicrine  Methyl 2-cyanoacrilate
 Diazomethane  Methylstyrene
 Dichloroacetylene  2-Methoxyethanol
 Dinitrobenzene  2-Methoxyethanol acetate
 Dinitrocresol  Nitroethane
 Hexachlorobutadiene  Nitromethane
 Hexachlorocyclopentadiene  1-Nitropropane
 Hexafluoroacetone  Nitrotoluene
 Diglycidyl ether  Pyretre
 Ethyl acrylate  Pyridine
 Ethylene imine  Lead alkyls
 Ethylmercaptan  2-Propenal
 Isocyanates  1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
 Methyl acrylate  Tetrachloroethene
 Nitroglycerine  Tetranitromethane
 Perchloromethylmercaptan  m- and p-Toluidine
 1,4-Dioxane  Tributyl phosphate
 Trichlorophenol
Class II  Trichloroethene
 Acetaldehyde  Trichloromethane
 Chloroacetic acid  Triethylamine
 Formic acid  Trimethylphosphine
 Thioglycolic acid  Vinylbromide
 Trichloroacetic acid  Xylenes (excluded 2,4-xylene)
 Phthalic anhydride  Formaldehyde
 Maleic anhydride  Acrylic acid
 Aniline  Acetonitrile
 Benzylchloride  Propionic acid
 Biphenyl  Acetic acid
 Butyl acrylate  N-Butanol
 Butylamine  i-Butanol
 Camphor synthetic  sec-Butanol
 Tetrabromomethane  tert-Butanol
 Tetrachloromethane  Methanol
 Cyclohexylamine  Butyraldehyde
 Chloroacetaldehyde  p-tert-Butyltoluene
 1-Chloro-1-nitropentane  2-Butoxyethanol
 Cresol  Caprolactam
 Crotonaldehyde  Carbon disulphide
 1,2-Dibutylaminoethanol  Cyclohexanone
 Dibutylphosphate  Cyclopentadiene
 o-Dichlorobenzene  Chlorobenzene
 1,1-Dichloroethene  2-Chloro-1,3-butadiene
 Dichloroethylether  o-Chlorostyrene
 Dichlorophenol  o-Chlorotoluene
 Dichloromethane  p-Chlorotoluene
 Diethylamine  Cumene
 Diphenylamine  Diacetonalcohol (4-hydroxy-4-methyl-
 Diisopropylamine  2-pentanone)
 Dimethylamine  1,4-Dichlorobenzene
 Ethylamine  1,1-Dichloroethane
 Ethanolamine  Dichloropropane
 2-Ethoxyethanol  Diethanolamine
 2-Ethoxyethyl acetate  Diethylformamide
 Phenol  Diisobutylketone
 Phthalates  N,N-Dimethylacetamide
 2-Furaldehyde  N,N-Dimetylformamide
 Furfurol  Dipropylketone
 Triiodomethane  Hexamethylendiamine
 Isophorone  N-Hexane
 Isopropylamine  Ethylamylketone
 Methylacrilonitrile  Ethylbenzene
 Methylamine  Ethylbutylketone
 Methylaniline  Ethyleneglycol
 Bromomethane  Isobutylglycidyl ether
 Methyl N-butylbromide  Isopropoxyethanol
 Chloromethane  Methyl methacrylate
 Methylamylketone  Isopropylen acetate
 o-Methylcyclohexanone  Toluene
 Methyl chloroform  Xylene
 Methylformiate  Acetone
 Methylisobutylketone  Ethanol
 Methylisobutylcarbinol  Butane
 Naphthalene  Cyclohexane
 Propyleneglycol  Cyclohexene
 Propyleneglycol monomethyl ether  Chloropentane
 Propionaldehyde  Chlorobromomethane
 Styrene  Chlorodifluoromethane
 Tetrahydrofurane  Chloropentafluoroethane
 Trimethylbenzene  Dibromodifluoroethane
 N-Veratraldehyde  Dibutylether
 Vinyl acetate  Dichlorofluoromethane
 Vinyltoluene  Dichlorotetrafluoroethane
 2,4-Xylene  Diethylether
 Propanol  Diisopropylether
 Isopropanol  Dimethylether
 N-Amyl acetate  Heptane
 Methyl benzoate  Hexane (technical)
 N-Butyl acetate  Isopropyl ether
 Isobutyl acetate  Ethyl acetate
 Diethylketone  Methylacetylene
 Difluorodibromomethane  Methylcyclohexane
 sec-Hexyl acetate  Pentane
 Ethyl formiate  1,1,1,2-Tetrachloro-2,2-difluoroethane
 Methyl acetate  1,1,2,2-Tetrachloro-1,2-difluoroethane
 Methylethylketone  Trichlorofluoromethane
 Methylisopropylketone  1,1,2-Tricloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane
 N-Methylpyrrolidone  Trifluoromethane
 Pinene  Trifluorobromomethane
 N-Propyl acetate
Appendix B – Requirements for continuous monitoring3

(1) Facilities with particles mass flows of 1 to 3 kg/h shall be equipped with measuring instruments at their relevant sources
which are capable of continuously monitoring the functioning of the waste gas purification facility and the established emission
limits (qualitative measuring instruments).

(2) Facilities with particles mass flows of over 3 kg/h shall be equipped with measuring instruments at their relevant sources
which continuously determine dust emission mass concentrations.

(3) Facilities with dust emissions of Inorganic or Carcinogenic Class I Substances shall be equipped with measuring
instruments at their relevant sources which continuously determine the total particles concentrations if the emission mass flow is
more than five times greater than one of the relevant mass flows.

(4) At facilities emitting gaseous substances in excess of the following mass flows, relevant sources shall be equipped with
measuring instruments which continuously determine the mass concentrations of the respective substances:

— sulphur dioxide 30 kg/h,

— nitrogen monoxide and nitrogen dioxide, to be indicated as nitrogen dioxide 30 kg/h,
— carbon monoxide as lead substance for evaluating the efficiency of combustion processes 5 kg/h,
— carbon monoxide, all other cases 100 kg/h,
— fluorine and gaseous inorganic fluorine compounds, to be indicated as hydrogen fluoride 0.3 kg/h,
— gaseous inorganic chlorine compounds, to be indicated as hydrogen chloride 1.5 kg/h,
— chlorine 0.3 kg/h,
— hydrogen sulphide 0.3 kg/h.

(5) If sulphur dioxide mass concentrations are measured continuously, sulphur trioxide mass concentrations shall be determined
during calibration and included in the calculation. If individual measurements show that nitrogen dioxide proportions in the
nitrogen oxide emissions account for less than 10 per cent, continuous measuring of nitrogen dioxide shall be waived and its
proportion be calculated.

(6) Facilities with mass flows of organic substances, to be indicated as total carbon, exceeding for

— Organic Class I Substances 1 kg/h,

— Organic Substances 2.5 kg/h

shall be equipped with measuring instruments at their relevant sources which continuously determine the total carbon.

(7) Facilities with mass flows of mercury and its compounds of over 2.5 g/h, to be indicated as Hg, shall be equipped with
measuring instruments at their relevant sources which continuously determine mercury mass concentrations.

(8) The competent authority shall require facilities emitting Carcinogenic or Extremely Toxic compounds or substances to
be equipped with continuous measuring instruments to determine the mass concentrations if the mass flow exceeds one of the
respective mass flows over five times.

3
Adapted and simplified from the TA Luft system enforced in Germany