Chapter I THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND Introduction Social media has a great impact to students’ behavior in their study. It becomes a great source of information and a platform used by most students in their studies. It is very accessible with the use of some gadgets that is being connected to the internet. That's why social media became the new playground for students. They use it for communication and socialization. Also, it helps them to do their assignments, projects and able to meet deadlines. Behind the good benefits of social media to students, there are also negative effects. Due to social media purpose which is to make people's lives easier, students also take less effort to their studies. They are being dependent on it and even in simple school requirements, they will just click and plagiarized another person's work without examining if it is accurate and reliable in what they were searching for. Laziness and procrastination arise. Those negative effects will surely affect their grades. Hence, positive practices of social media increase student's social intelligence and understanding of human behaviors. Negative practices of social media make them materialistic, angry and addicted to too many bad things.We, the proponents believe that it is important to educate students about the best practices of social media in the schools so that they can get the benefits of communication, applications and technologies for their career and personal development. Background of the Study The internet is today's most important source of information and social media in present time is very accessible with the use of gadgets such as mobile phones, laptops, computers, tablets and more that Is being connected to the internet. It seems that everything can be found on social media and it has a great help to students in their studies, but in some instances, students are becoming dependent on it as they do their assignments and projects on their particular subjects. Hence, social media is a toleration of student's laziness, also it triggers the procrastination to do their school requirements. Addiction to the usage of social media has extremely increased in recent times. The perils of its effects on the academic performance of students are disturbing. Academic performance, which is depicted by the grades of students is a great concern that student spends excessive time on social networks. It influences them in many factors and students are becoming vulnerable as a victim, if they don't know how to use social media in an effective and efficient way because the usage of social mediamust always be present with responsibilities. Students are soft-hearted individuals that are easy to be empowered by bad things if they are unguided. One-sided life is less interesting and exciting, so it is for social media as it comes with both positive and negative effects can give happiness as we are being entertained by memes on Facebook and funny videos we can watch on YouTube. It also gives us enthusiasm as we socialize and make new friends through social media. There is a correlation between social media usage and academic performance of students. There have been various views and opinions which recognize four major advantages of social media use in higher education. These include; enhancing relationship, improving learning motivation, offering personalized course material, and developing collaborative abilities (Wheeler, Yeomans and Wheeler, 2008; Rifkin, Longnecker, Leach and Ortia, 2009), Also, Liccardi et. al, (2007), argued that students are socially connected with one another and therefore share their daily learning experiences. Research has proved the heavy presence of social media usage among students. It is found out that, students use social networking sites (SNSs) approximately thirty (30) minutes throughout the day as part of their daily routine life (Nicole, Charles, and Cliff, 2007). This shows the level at which students are patronizing these sites and this may bring along both positive and negative effects on students as far astheir academic performance is concerned. Studies have also revealed that social media affects students’ use of English, They tend to use short- handwriting to chat with friends and get used to it, thereby replicating the same errors during examinations (Obi, Bulus, Adamu and Sala‘at, 2012). According to Oye (2012), most of the younger students use social networking sites mainly for socializing activities, rather than for academic purpose and make conversation on various topics through social media, whereas Kuppuswamy and Shankar (2010), reviewed that social network websites grab students’ attention and then diverts it towards none educational and inappropriate actions including useless chatting. In another study conducted by Shana, (2012), it was revealed that students use social network mainly for making friends and chatting. The result showed that only 26 percent of the students (the respondents) indicated that they use social media for academic purpose. Today students at all levels, especially Senior High School students have been engaged in the use of social media in searching information and ideas that could be helpful in fulfilling their requirements for their particular specialized course of their chosen track, Also, be able to expose themselves on social media to socialize, communicate and use for leisure. This research therefore seeks to investigate the level of engagement of Grade 12 Senior High School students of Juan SumulongHigh School into social media and also to determine the impact of it on their performance in their specialized course, Conceptual Framework INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT v First semestral Y Questionnaire Significant grades of Grade Y Conducting impact of Social 12 Senior High interviews and Media to Grade School students surveys 12 Senior High on their Computing for Schoo! students Specialized the mean, of Juan Course. median, mode, Sumutong High v Time that and percentage School on their students spend Specialized on Social Media Course. Money that students spend for load/ internet Figure 1. Research Paradigm Based on the paradigm, the inputs will be the grades of students, the time they spend on social media and the money they used to attain load/ internet. And so a questionnaire will be utilized in carrying on asurvey. As we finished gathering information from the respondents, computing for the mean, median and mode will follow. The output then will be analyzed if the outcomes of the study are effective. Theoretical Framework Connectionism Connectionism is an approach in the fields of cognitive science, that hopes to_explain mental phenomena _using artificial _—_neural networks (ANN). A theory that all mental processes can be described as the operation of inherited or acquired bonds between stimulus and response. Connectivism Theory Connectivism is a theory of learning in a digital age that explains how Internet technologies have created new opportunities for people to learn and share information across the World Wide Web and among themselves. Constructionism (learning theory) Constructionism advocates student-centered, discovery learning Where students use information they already know to acquire more knowledge. Constructionism holds that learning can happen most effectively when people are active in making tangible objects in the real 6world. For example, a person could learn mathematics and logic for themselves by making their own computer programs. Constructivism Constructivism theory is based on observation and scientific study about how people learn. It says that people construct their own understanding and knowledge of the world, through experiencing things and reflecting on those experiences. When we encounter something new, we have to reconcile it with our previous ideas and experience, maybe changing what we believe, or maybe discarding the new information as irrelevant. Social Correlation Theory Social Correlation theory states that based on behavior, attributes and activities, adjacent users shares a correlation and they have better chances of forming a connection than any other two random people. Social correlation theory can be explained by further categorization of the process as: 1. Homophily: Tendency to connect to people who share some similarity. 2. Influence: Tendency to follow the behaviors of friends and adjacent users.3. Confounding: Forged due to external influences from the surroundings. For example, two individuals living in the same city are more likely to become friends than two random individuals. Social Information Processing Theory Social Information Processing Theory or also known as a SIP Theory by Joseph Walther, which talks how people get to know one another online, without nonverbal cues, and how they grow and manage relationships in the computer-mediated environment. Uses and Gratification Theory Uses and Gratification Theory (UGT) is an audience-centered approach that focuses on what peaple do with the media, as opposed to what the media does to people. It seeks to understand why people seek out the media that they do and what they use it for. UGT differs from other media effect theories in that it assumes that individuals have power over their media usage, rather than positioning individuals as passive consumers of media. UGT explores how individuals deliberately seek out media to fulfill certain needs or goals such as entertainment, relaxation, or socializing. Significance of the Study This section is devoted to the significance of this study to the teachers, parents and students. This study will help the teachers of theschool to know the influences that social media delivers on their students, so as to assist them to illuminate and raise awareness to the students, to be capable to utilize social media effectively and efficiently. This has also a significance to parents in the sense that they will know the possible effects of social media on their children, Keeping their eye on them may be a way to protect, guide and discipline their children to become a literate and responsible social media users. And for students, they will know what can be the positive and negative effects that they can acquire in using social media, they may turn the negative into a positive thing, through that, they will be knowledgeable enough to do best practices of social media and get the benefits of communication, applications and technologies for their future career and personal development. Moreover, this study will also give an alarming information to our government. It may serve as a wakeup call to the government officials to take an action on how to end the insufficient and irresponsible usage of social media that made a great impact to the 21'st century learners. This study will also add to the growing bady of information in the field of research. The result of the study will serve as a guide of other proponents who would wish to embark on a conduct study of a similar nature.Statement of the Problem This research seeks to determine and to find solutions to the impact of social media to the Grade 12 Senior High School students of Juan Sumulong High School to their specialized course. The proponents were also determined to find solutions to the following questions through the process of the study: 1. Does students’ gender influence the habit of social media usage? 2. How much money did Grade 12 Senior High School students spend for internet to use social media in one week? 3. How long do Grade 12 Senior High School students spend time using social media in one day? 3.1 Study purpose 3.2 Leisure/ Past time 3.3 Communication 3.4 Entertainment 3.5 Socialization 4. Do social media affects the health of Grade 12 Senior High School students? 5. Does social media really helpful to the Grade 12 Senior High School students on their specialized subjects? 10Scope and Delimitation The main focus of this research is to find out the impact of social media to the Grade 12 Senior High School students on their specialized course. For this study, 35 random students of all strands and tracks of Grade 12 Senior High School with an age of 16 and above studying at Juan Sumulong High School. Our respondents will be answering a survey questionnaire regarding their first semestral grades of their specialized subjects, the time and money they spend on social media, the effects of its usage to their health, the general time of their social media usage, and the hours they spent using social media in various purposes; study Purposes; leisure/ past time; communication; entertainment; and socialization. The study will be held at Juan Sumulong High School. Definition of Terms As words may mean differently in different contexts. The Proponents aim to define the different terms that will be encountered in this study for better understanding and to avoid confusion. Adjacent - next to or adjoining something else. Formed on the same side of a straight line when intersected by another line. Consensus - is general agreement among a group of people.Construct - an idea or theory containing various conceptual elements, typically one considered to be subjective and not based on empirical evidence. Correlation - a mutual relationship or connection between two or more things. Deficient - insufficient or inadequate. Lack of explanation when search in a social media. Depicted - to represent or characterize in words; describe. Diverting - to divert something or someone is also to cause the thing or person to be used for a different purpose. Devoted - given over to the display, study, or discussion of. Embark - to begin (something that will take a long time or happen for a long time). Enthusiasm - is great eagerness to be involved in a particular activity which you like and enjoy or which you think is important. Iluminate - to make (something) clear and easier to understand. Impact - the action of one object coming forcibly into contact with another. Instances - a particular situation, event, or fact. Leisure - opportunity afforded by free time to do something. Materialistic - excessively concerned with material possessions.Opposed - eager to prevent or put an end to; disapproving of or disagreeing with. Patronizing - showing or characterized by a superior attitude towards others: marked by condescension. Paradigm - a set of linguistic items that form mutually exclusive choices in particular syntactic roles. Penetrating - penetration refers to entering or making your way through something. It's also a deep insight. Perils - the dangers or difficulties that arise from a particular situation or activity. Phenomenon - is something that is observed to happen or exist. Plagiarized - take (the work or an idea of someone else) and pass it off as one's own. Procrastination - is a challenge we have all faced at one point or another. For as long as humans have been around, we have been struggling with delaying, avoiding, and procrastinating on issues that matter to us. Proponents - a person who advocates a theory, proposal, or project. Reconcile - cause to coexist in harmony; make or show to be compatible. Replicating - repeat (a scientific experiment or trial) to obtain a consistent result. 13Scatter - operation sends data from one process to all other processes in a group. Social media - websites and applications that enable users to create and share content or to participate in social networking. Ubiquitous - appearing to be everywhere at once; being or seeming to be in more than one location at the same time. Utilization - the action of making practical and effective use of something. Vulnerable - someone who is vulnerable is weak and without protection, with the result that they are easily hurt physically or emotionally.