Outlines

 Evolution of technologies
 Introduction to Industrial revolution
 Historical background (IR 1.0, IR 2.0, IR 3.0)
Introduction to Emerging Technologies  Fourth industrial revolution (IR 4.0)
 Role of data for Emerging technologies
 Enabling devices and networks for emerging
Chapter 1. Introduction to Emerging Technologies
technologies (programmable devices)
 Human to Machine Interaction
 Future trends in emerging technologies

Introduction to Emerging Technologies Emerging technologies

 Emerging technology is a term generally used to describe a new
technology,
 but it may also refer to the continuing development of existing
technology; it can have slightly different meanings when used in
different areas, such as media, business, science, or education.
 The term commonly refers to technologies that are currently
developing
 Technological evolution is a theory of radical transformation of
society through technological development.

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What is the root word of technology and evolution? List of some currently available emerged technologies

 Technology: 1610s, "discourse or treatise on an art or  Artificial Intelligence

the arts," from Greek tekhnologia "systematic treatment  Block chain
of an art, craft, or technique," originally referring to  Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality
grammar, from tekhno- (see techno-) + -logy.  Cloud Computing
 The meaning "science of the mechanical and industrial  Angular and React
arts" is first recorded in 1859.  DevOps
 Evolution: evolution means the process of developing  Internet of Things (IoT)
by gradual changes. This noun is from Latin evolutio,  Intelligent Apps (I-Apps)
"an unrolling or opening," combined from the prefix e-,  Big Data
"out," plus volvere, "to roll."  Robotic Processor Automation (RPA)

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 Introduction to the Industrial Revolution (IR) Introduction to the Industrial Revolution (IR)
 The Industrial Revolution was a period of major industrialization
and innovation that took place during the late 1700s and early  The American Industrial Revolution commonly
1800s. referred to as the Second Industrial Revolution
 An Industrial Revolution at its core occurs when a society shifts  Industries such as textile manufacturing, mining, glass
from using tools to make products to use new sources of energy, making, and agriculture all had undergone changes
such as coal, to power machines in factories.
 The revolution started in England, with a series of innovations to
make labor more efficient and productive.
 The Industrial Revolution was a time when the manufacturing of
goods moved from small shops and homes to large factories.
 This shift brought about changes in culture as people moved
from rural areas to big cities in order to work.

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The Most Important Inventions of the Industrial Revolution

Introduction to the Industrial Revolution (IR)
 Transportation:
Generally, the following industrial revolutions  The Steam Engine
fundamentally changed and transfer the world around us  The Railroad,
into modern society.  The Diesel Engine
 The Airplane.
 The steam engine,
 Communication:
 The age of science and mass production  The Telegraph.
 The rise of digital technology  The Transatlantic Cable.
 The Phonograph.
 Smart and autonomous systems fueled by data
 The Telephone.
 machine learning.
 Industry:
 The Cotton Gin.
 The Sewing Machine.
 Electric Lights

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Historical Background (IR 1.0, IR 2.0, IR 3.0) Types of industries

 The industrial revolution began in Great Britain in the The are four types of industries
late 1770s before spreading to the rest of Europe.  The primary industry

 The first European countries to be industrialized after  involves getting raw materials e.g. mining, farming, and
fishing.
England were Belgium, France, and the German states.
 The secondary industry
 The final cause of the Industrial Revolution was the
 involves manufacturing e.g. making cars and steel.
effects created by the Agricultural Revolution.
 Tertiary industries
 As previously stated, the Industrial Revolution began in
 provide a service e.g. teaching and nursing.
Britain in the 18th century due in part to an increase in
food production, which was the key outcome of the  The quaternary industry
Agricultural Revolution.  involves research and development industries e.g. IT.

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 Industrial Revolution (IR 1.0) Industrial Revolution (IR 2.0)
 The Industrial Revolution (IR) is described as a transition to new  The Second IR, also known as the Technological
manufacturing processes. Revolution, began somewhere in the 1870s.
 IR was first coined in the 1760s, during the time where this
 The advancements in IR 2.0 included the development
revolution began. The transitions in the first IR included going
from hand production methods to machines, the increasing use of of methods for manufacturing interchangeable parts and
steam power (see Figure 1.1), the development of machine tools widespread adoption of pre-existing technological
and the rise of the factory system. systems such as telegraph and railroad networks.
 This adoption allowed the vast movement of people
and ideas, enhancing communication. Moreover, new
technological systems were introduced, such as
electrical power (see Figure 1.2) and telephones.

Figure 1.1 steam engine

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Industrial Revolution (IR 2.0) Industrial Revolution (IR 3.0)

 Then came the Third Industrial Revolution (IR 3.0).
 IR 3.0 introduced the transition from mechanical and
analog electronic technology to digital electronics
(see Figure 1.3) which began from the late 1950s.
 Due to the shift towards digitalization, IR 3.0 was given
the nickname, “Digital Revolution”.
 The core factor of this revolution is the mass
Figure 1.2 Electricity transmission line production and widespread use of digital logic circuits
and its derived technologies such as the computer, hand
phones and the Internet.

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Industrial Revolution (IR 3.0) Fourth Industrial Revolution (IR 4.0)

 Now, with advancements in various technologies such
as robotics, Internet of Things (IoT see Figure 1.4),
additive manufacturing and autonomous vehicles, the
term “Fourth Industrial Revolution” or IR 4.0 was
coined by Klaus Schwab, the founder and executive
chairman of World Economic Forum, in the year 2016.
 The technologies mentioned above are what you call –
cyber-physical systems.
 A cyber-physical system is a mechanism that is
Figure 1.3 High Tech Electronics
controlled or monitored by computer-based algorithms,
tightly integrated with the Internet and its users.

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 Fourth Industrial Revolution (IR 4.0) Fourth Industrial Revolution (IR 4.0)

 One example that is being widely practiced in industries

today is the usage of Computer Numerical Control
(CNC) machines.
 These machines are operated by giving it instructions
using a computer. Another major breakthrough that is
associated with IR 4.0 is the adoption of Artificial
Intelligence (AI), where we can see it being
implemented into our smartphones.
 AI is also one of the main elements that give life to Figure 1. 4 Anybody Connected device (ABCD)
Autonomous Vehicles and Automated Robots.

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1.2 Role of Data for Emerging Technologies 1.2 Role of Data for Emerging Technologies
 Data is regarded as the new oil and strategic asset since  The preceding trend and its potential have triggered new
we are living in the age of big data, and drives or even debate about data-intensive scientific discovery as an
determines the future of science, technology, the emerging technology, the so-called “fourth industrial
economy, and possibly everything in our world today revolution,” There is no doubt, nevertheless, that the
and tomorrow. potential of data science and analytics to enable data-
 Data have not only triggered tremendous hype and buzz driven theory, economy, and professional development
but more importantly, presents enormous challenges is increasingly being recognized.
that in turn bring incredible innovation and economic  This involves not only core disciplines such as
opportunities. computing, informatics, and statistics, but also the
 This reshaping and paradigm-shifting are driven not just broad-based fields of business, social science, and
by data itself but all other aspects that could be created, health/medical science.
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1.3 Enabling devices and network (Programmable devices) 1.3 Enabling devices and network (Programmable devices)

 In the world of digital electronic systems, there are four basic  The network is a collection of computers, servers,
kinds of devices: memory, microprocessors, logic, and network devices, peripherals, or other devices connected
networks. to one another to allow the sharing of data.
 Memory devices store random information such as the contents  An excellent example of a network is the Internet,
of a spreadsheet or database. which connects millions of people all over the world
 Microprocessors execute software instructions to perform a
wide variety of tasks such as running a word processing  Programmable devices (see Figure 1.5) usually refer to
program or video game. chips that incorporate field programmable logic devices
 Logic devices provide specific functions, including device-to- (FPGAs), complex programmable logic devices (CPLD)
device interfacing, data communication, signal processing, data and programmable logic devices (PLD).
display, timing and control operations, and almost every other  There are also devices that are the analog equivalent of
function a system must perform.
these called field-programmable analog arrays.
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 1.3 Enabling devices and network (Programmable devices) Why is a computer referred to as a programmable device?

 Because what makes a computer a computer is that it

follows a set of instructions.
 Many electronic devices are computers that perform
only one operation, but they are still following
instructions that reside permanently in the unit.

Figure 1.5 programmable device

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List of some Programmable devices List of some Programmable devices

 Achronix Speedster SPD60  A full range of network-related equipment referred to as Service
 Actel’s Enabling Devices (SEDs), which can include:
 Altera Stratix IV GT and Arria II GX  Traditional channel service unit (CSU) and data service unit

 Atmel’s AT91CAP7L (DSU)

 Cypress Semiconductor’s programmable system-on-chip (PSoC) family  Modems

 Lattice Semiconductor’s ECP3  Routers

 Lime Microsystems’ LMS6002  Switches

 Silicon Blue Technologies  Conferencing equipment

 Xilinx Virtex 6 and Spartan 6  Network appliances (NIDs and SIDs)

 Xmos Semiconductor L series  Hosting equipment and servers

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1.4 Human to Machine Interaction What is interaction in human-computer interaction?

 Human-machine interaction (HMI) refers to the  HCI (human-computer interaction) is the study of how
communication and interaction between a human and a people interact with computers and to what extent
machine via a user interface. computers are or are not developed for successful
 Nowadays, natural user interfaces such as gestures have interaction with human beings.
gained increasing attention as they allow humans to  As its name implies, HCI consists of three parts:
control machines through natural and intuitive  the user,
behaviors  the computer itself, and

 ways they work together.

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 HCI (human-computer interaction) HCI (human-computer interaction)
How do users interact with computers? How important is human-computer interaction?
 The user interacts directly with hardware for the human  The goal of HCI is to improve the interaction between

input and output such as displays, e.g. through a users and computers by making computers more user-
graphical user interface. friendly and receptive to the user's needs.
 The user interacts with the computer over this software  The main advantages of HCI are:-

interface using the given input and output (I/O)  Simplicity

hardware  Ease of deployment & operations
 Cost savings for smaller set-ups
 Reduce solution design time
 Integration complexity

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1.4.1 Disciplines Contributing to Human-Computer 1.5 Future Trends in Emerging Technologies

Interaction (HCI)

 Cognitive psychology: Limitations, information processing,

Emerging technology trends in 2019
performance prediction, cooperative working, and capabilities.  5G Networks
 Computer science: Including graphics, technology,  Artificial Intelligence (AI)
prototyping tools, user interface management systems.  Autonomous Devices
 Linguistics.  Blockchain
 Engineering and design.  Augmented Analytics
 Artificial intelligence.  Digital Twins
 Human factors.  Enhanced Edge Computing and
 Immersive Experiences in Smart Spaces

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