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ARITHMETIC
PROGRESSIONS 5 »
10th Class - Mathematics
Six numbers in A.P. should be taken as
» Evidence is found that Babylonians some 400years a − 5d, a − 3d, a − d, a + d, a + 3d, a + 5d
ago, knew of arithmetic and geometric progres- a+c
sions. » If a, b, c are in A.P., then b = 2 is called the
arithmetic mean of "a" and "c".
m
» Among the Indian mathematicians, Aryabhatta
(470 AD) was the first to give formula for the sum » The sum of the first "n" terms of an A.P. is
n
given by n 2 [
of squares and cubes of natural numbers in his s = 2a + (n − 1)d ]
co
famous work "Aryabhatiyam"
» Indian mathematician Brahmagupta (598 AD), » If the first and last terms of an A.P. are "a" and
Mahavira (850 AD) and Bhaskara (1114-1185 AD) "l", the common difference is not given then
n.
also considered the sums of squares and cubes. n
sn = (a + l )
2
» an = sn − sn−1
tio
Arithmetic Progression (A.P.)
An arithmetic progression (A.P.) is a list of num- » The sum of first "n" positive integers
bers in which each term is obtained by adding a n(n + 1)
sn =
fixed number "d" to the preceding term, except the
first term. The fixed number "d" is called the 'com-
mon difference'.
ca Ex:
2
sum of first "10"
=
10(10 + 1)
= 55
positive integers
2
du
Ex:1, 4, 7, 10 13…. are in A.P.; Here d = 3
» Let a1, a2, a3,… ak, ak+1,... an…. be an A.P. 2 Mark Questions
Let its common difference be d, then
d = a2 − a1 = a3 − a2 = ….. = ak+1 − ak =….. 1. Write an A.P. having 4 as the first term, −3 as the
ie
» If the first term is 'a' and the common difference is common difference.
"d" then a, a + d, a + 2d, a + 3d, … is an A.P. Sol: The A.P. with first term a and common difference
sh
General term of an A.P. d is given by a, a + d, a + 2d, a + 3d,….
» Let "a" be the first term and "d" be the common Here a = 4, d = −3
difference of an A.P. Then, its nth term or general So, the A.P. is
ak
term is given by an = a + (n − 1) d 4, 4+(−3), 4 + 2(−3), 4 + 3(−3),
Ex: The 10th term of the A.P. given by 5, 1, −3, − ….. 4, 1, −2, −5, ….
7, …. is a10 = 5+ (10 −1) (−4) = −31
.s
» If the number of terms of an A.P. is finite, then it is 2. Which term of the sequence −1, 3, 7, 11, .…is 95?
a finite A.P. Ex: 13, 11, 9, 7, 5 Sol: a = −1, d = 3−(−1) = 4
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» If the number of terms of an A.P. is infinite, then it Let 95 be the nth term of the given A.P. then an = 95
is an infinite A.P. Ex: 4, 7, 10, 13, 16, 19…. a + (n −1)d = 95
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» Three numbers in A.P. should be taken as −1+ (n − 1) 4 = 95 ⇒ 4(n−1) = 96
a −d, a, a + d. 96
⇒ n −1 = = 24
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» Four numbers in A.P. should be taken as 4
a −3d, a − d, a + d, a + 3d. n = 25
» Five numbers in A.P. should be taken as Thus, 95 is 25th term of the given sequence
a − 2d, a − d, a, a + d, a + 2d
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ARITHMETIC PROGRESSIONS 5 10th Class - Mathematics
3. The 17th term of an A.P. exceeds its 10th term by 7. ∴ Three more terms are 5 2, 6 2, 7 2
Find the common difference.
Sol: According to the question 6. If an A.P an = 6n+2. Find the common difference.
a17 = a10 + 7 Sol: an = 6n + 2
a1 = 6(1) + 2 = 8
m
a + 16d = a + 9d + 7
16d − 9d = 7 ⇒d=1 a2 = 6(2) + 2 = 14
Hence, the common difference is 1 Common difference d = a2 – a1 = 14 – 8 = 6
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4. Write the first four terms of the A.P. when first 7. Find the sum of the first 12 terms of the AP –37,
1 –33, –29, ....
term a = –1 and common difference is d =
2 Sol: Here a = –37, d = –33–(–37)= 4, n = 12
1
n.
Sol: Given that a = −1, d = n
2 sn = [2a + (n − 1)d ]
2
1 −1 12
Second term a 2 = a + d = −1 + = s12 = [2( −37) + (12 − 1)4 ]
tio
2 2 2
−1 1 =6 (−74 + 44) = 6 (−30) = –180
a3 = a2 + d = + =0
2 2
8. Given a = 7, a13 = 35, find d and s13
1 1
a4 = a3 + d = 0 + =
2 2
1 1
ca
Sol: a = 7, a13 = a + 12d = 35
7 + 12 d = 35, d =
35 − 7 28 7
= =
∴ First four terms of the A.P. are −1, − ,0,
du
2 2 12 12 3
n
sn = [2a + (n − 1)d ]
2
5. 2, 8, 18, 32,.... Given terms form an. A.P.
13 ⎡ 7⎤
s13 = ⎢ 2(7) + (13 − 1) ⎥
ie
or not. If they form an AP. Find the common dif- 2 ⎣ 3⎦
ference and write three more terms 13 13
= [14 + 28 ]= × 42 = 13 × 21 = 273
sh
2 2
Sol: Given terms : 2, 8, 18, 32,....
9. Write the formula for sum of n terms in A.P. and
explain the terms in it.
2, 2 × 4, 2 × 9, 2 ×16... n
Sol: Sum of n terms of A.P. sn = [2a + (n − 1)d ]
ak
2, 2 2, 3 2, 4 2,.... 2
Here a = first term
d = a2 − a1 = 2 2 − 2 = 2 d = common difference
.s
a3 − a 2 = 3 2 − 2 2 = 2 n = number of terms
a4 − a3 = 4 2 − 3 2 = 2 10. Find the sum of first 1000 positive integers.
w
Given terms form an A.P Sol: sum of first n positive integers
n(n + 1)
∴ Comon difference d = 2 =
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2
a5 = a4 + d = 4 2 + 2 = 5 2
sum of first 1000 positive integers
w
a6 = a5 + d = 5 2 + 2 = 6 2 1000(1000 +1)
= = 500 × 1001 = 500500
a7 = a6 + d = 6 2 + 2 = 7 2 2
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ARITHMETIC PROGRESSIONS 5 10th Class - Mathematics
Substitute d = 1 in eq (1), we get
4 Marks Questions a + 2 (1) = 5, a = 5–2, a = 3
1. Subbarao started work in the year 2005 at an annual Hence, the required A.P. is 3, 4, 5, ...
salary of Rs.5000, received Rs.200 raise each year. In 4. Which term of the AP: 3, 8, 13, 18, .... 78?
Sol: Given terms in AP: 3, 8, 13, 18, ...
m
what year did his annual salary will reach Rs. 7000?
Sol:Annual salary received by Subbarao in 2005, 2006, a = 3, d = 8 –3 = 5
2007 is Rs.5,000, Rs. 5,200, Let an = 78
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Rs. 5,400...... Clearly, it is in A.P. a +(n–1)d= 78
Here a = 5,000, d = 200 3 + (n–1) 5 = 78
Suppose Subbrao's annual salary reaches to Rs. 78 − 3
n.
n −1 = = 15
7,000 in nth years. Then an = 7,000 5
a + (n−1)d = 7,000 n = 15+1 = 16
tio
5,000 + (n −1) 200 = 7,000 ∴ 16th term of A.P is 78.
By simplifying n = 11 5. Find the 34 + 32 + 30 + .... +10
Thus, 11th annual salary received by Subbarao will Sol: Given terms are in A.P.
be Rs. 7,000. This means that after 10 years i.e. in the
year 2015 his annual salary will reach to Rs. 7,000
2. Which term of the A.P. 45, 41, 37, 33, …. is the
ca Here a = 34, d = 32 –34 = –2
Let an = 10
a + (n – 1)d = 10
du
first negative term? 34 + ( n – 1) (–2) = 10
Sol:Given A.P. 45, 41, 37, 33,….. 10 − 34
n −1 = = 12
Here a = 45, d = 41−45 = −4 −2
ie
n
Let nth term be the first negative term n = 13, sn = [2a + (n − 1) d ]
2
an < 0 ⇒ a + (n−1)d < 0
∴ sum of 13 terms
sh
⇒ 45 + (n−1) (−4) < 0
⇒ 45 < 4 (n −1) 13
s13 = ⎡⎣ 2 (34 ) + (13 − 1) (−2 )⎤⎦
45 2
n −1 > 13 13
= [68 − 24 ] = × 44 = 13 × 22 = 286
ak
4
2 2
45 49
⇒n> +1⇒ n > n > 12¼ ∴ 34 + 32 + 30 + .... +10 = 286.
4 4
6. Check whether – 150 is a term of the A.P. 11, 8,
.s
∴ Least positive integral value of n = 13
5, 2, ...
Hence, 13th term is the first negative term.
Here a = 11, d = 8 –11 = – 3
3. Determine the A.P. Whose 3rd term is 5 and the
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Let an = – 150
7th term is 9.
a + (n–1) d = – 150
Sol: Given that 3rd term = a3 = a + 2d = 5 → (1)
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11 + (n – 1) (– 3) = – 150
7th term = a7 = a + 6d = 9 → (2)
subtraction
−150 − 11 −161
n −1 = =
w
4d = 4 −3 3
4
d = =1 −161 −161 + 3 −158
n= +1 = =
4 3 3 3
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ARITHMETIC PROGRESSIONS 5 10th Class - Mathematics
But n should be a possible 51
So, – 150 is not a term of the given list numbers.
Sum of 51 terms s 51 = [2(10) + (51 − 1)4 ]
2
7. How many multiples of 4 lie between 10 and 250? 51
Sol: Multiples of 4 lie between 10 and 250 are
= [20 + 200 ]= 51× 110
2
4, 8, 12, 16, .... 248
m
= 5610
Above terms are in A.P. ∴ Sum of 51 terms is 5610.
Here a= 4, d = 8 – 4 = 4 10. Find the sum of the first 40 positive integers
co
Let an = 248 divisible by 6
a + (n– 1) d = 248 Sol: First 40 positive integers divisible by 6 are
4 + (n –1)4 = 248 6, 12, 18, ..... 240
n.
248 − 4 Here a = 6, d=12–6=6, n=40
n −1 = = 61
4 n
sn = [2a + (n − 1)d ]
tio
n = 61+ 1 = 62 2
∴ 62nd term of A.P. is 248 40
s40 = [2(6) + (40 − 1)6 ]
There are 62, multiples of 4 lie between 10 and 250 2
8. Find the 20th term from the end of the A.P. 3, 8,
13, .... 253
Sol: A.P: 3, 8, 13, ....253
ca = 20(12 + 234) = 4920
∴ S40 = 4920.
11. How many numbers of two digits are
du
Here a = 3, d =8 –3 =5, divisible by 7?
last term l = an = 253 Sol: We observe that 14 is the first two digit number
an = 253, a + (n – 1)d = 253 divisible by 7, 98 is the last two digit number divis-
ie
3 + (n –1)5 = 253 ible by 7.
253 − 3 ∴ The terms in the sequence
n −1 = = 50
sh
5 14, 21, 28, ….. 98
n = 50+1 = 51. Here a = 14, d = 21−14 = 7
So, there are 51 terms in the given A.P. an= 98
ak
The 20th term from the end will be the 32nd ⇒ a + (n −1) d = 98
term from the first term (∴ 51– 20 + 1 = 32) 14 + (n −1)7 = 98
∴ a32 = a + 31d = 3+31× 5 = 158. 7(n−1) = 98 − 14 = 84
.s
9. Find the sum of 51 terms of an A.P. whose sec- 84
n −1 = = 12
ond and third terms are 14 and 18 respectively 7
Sol: second term a2 = a + d = 14 → (1)
w
n = 13
Third term a3 = a + 2d = 18 → (2) Hence, there are 13 numbers of two digits which
Subtracting (1) from (2), we get d = 4
w
are divisible by 7
Subtract d = 4 in eq (1) 12. How many three- digit numbers are divisible
a + 4 = 14
w
by 7?
a = 14 – 4 = 10
Sol: Three digit numbers which are divisible by 7
n
Sum of n terms s n = [2a + (n − 1)d ] are 105, 112, 119, ... 994
2
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ARITHMETIC PROGRESSIONS 5 10th Class - Mathematics
The above terms are in A.P a4 + a8 = 24
Here a = 105, d = 112 – 105 = 7 (a + 3d) + (a + 7d) = 24
Let an = 994, a + (n–1)d = 994, 2a + 10d = 24
105 + (n–1)7 = 994 a + 5d = 12 → (1)
m
994 − 105 889 a6 + a10 = 44
n −1 = = = 127
7 7 (a + 5d) + (a + 9d) = 44
co
n = 127 +1 = 128 2a + 14d = 44
∴ three digit terms are divisible by 7are 128 a + 7d = 22 → (2)
13. How many terms of the AP: 24, 21, 18, ... eq (2) − eq(1),
n.
must be taken so that their sum is 78? We get 2d = 10 ⇒ d = 5
Sol: Given AP: 24, 21, 18, ... sn = 78 From eq (1) a + 5×5 = 12
tio
Here a= 24, d = 21 – 24 = –3 ⇒ a = −13
n The first three terms of the
sn = 78, (2 a + ( n − 1) d ) = 78
2
n
2
[2 × 24 + (n − 1)(−3) ] = 78
ca A.P. are a, a+d, a + 2d
⇒ −13, −13 +5, −13 + 2(5)
⇒ − 3, −8, −3.
du
n 2. If the 3rd and 9th terms of an A.P. are 4 and – 8
(48 − 3n + 3 ) = 78
2 respectively. which term of this A.P is Zero.
n(51−3n) = 2 × 78 Sol: 3rd term of A.P = a3 = a + 2d =4 → (1)
ie
3n (17–n) = 2 × 78 9th term of A.P = a9 = a + 8d = –8 → (2)
2 × 78 Subtracting
n(17 − n) = = 2 × 26 = 52
sh
3 a + 8d = – 8
17n–n2–52 = 0 a + 2d = 4
ak
n2 –17n + 52 = 0, n2 – 13n – 4n + 5n = 0 – – –
––––––––––––––
n(n – 13) – 4(n – 13) = 0, (n – 13)(n – 4) =0,
6d = – 12, d = – 2
n = 13 or 4
.s
Both values of n are admissible. So the no. of Subtract d = – 2 in eq (1), we get
terms is either 13 or 4. a + 2 (–2) = 4, a = 4 + 4 = 8
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Let an = 0
8 Marks Questions a + (n–1) = 0, 8 + (n – 1) (–2) = 0
w
1. The sum of the 4th, 8th terms of an A.P. is 24, the −8
n −1 = =4
−2
sum of the 6th, 10th terms is 44. Find the first three
w
terms of the A.P. n=5
Sol: Given an A.P. in which 5th term is zero
3. The fist and the last term of an A.P. are 17 and
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ARITHMETIC PROGRESSIONS 5 10th Class - Mathematics
350 respectively. If the common difference is 9. Substitute d =2 in eq (1) a +3 (2) = 7
how many terms are there and what is their sum? a=7–6=1
Sol: First term a = 17 n
sn = [2a + (n − 1)d ]
last term l = 350, common difference d = 9 2
m
Let l = an = 350 n
= [2(1) + ( n − 1)2 ]
a + (n–1)d = 350 2
co
17 + (n –1) 9 = 350 n n
350 − 17
= [2 + 2n − 2]= .2n = n 2
2 2
n −1 = = 37
9
sum of n terms sn = n2
n.
n = 38
There are 38 terms in given A.P. 5. A sum of Rs. 700 is to be used to give seven
tio
n
S n = [a + l ] cash prizes to students of a school for their
2
overall academic performance. If each prize
38
s38 = [17 + 350 ] = 6973
4.
2
If the sum of first 7 terms of an AP is 49 and that
ca is Rs. 20 less than its preceding prize. Find
the value of each of the prizes.
Sol: Let the first prize will be Rs. x
of 17 terms is 289, Find the sum of first n terms.
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Second, third.. seven prizes are respectively
Sol: Given sum of 7 terms s7 = 49
x – 20, x – 40, x – 60, .... x – 140
Sum of 17 terms = s17 = 289
∴ 7 prizes are x, x – 20, x – 40, .... x – 140
ie
n
S n = [2a + ( n − 1) d ] Above terms are in AP.
2
a = x, d = (x – 20) – x = – 20, n = 7
sh
7
s7 = 49, [2 a + (7 − 1) d ]= 49 Sum of 7 prizes sn = 700 (Given)
2
7
7
2a + 6d = 49 ×
2
= 14 (2a + (7 − 1)d ) = 700
2
ak
71
a + 3d = 7 → (1) 7
(2 × x + 6(−20) = 700
S17 = 289 2
.s
17 2
S17 = (2a + (17 − 1) d ) = 289 2 x − 120 = 700 ×
= 200
2 7
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2 2 x = 200 + 120 = 320
2a + 16 d = 289 × = 34
17
320
w
a + 8d = 17 → (2) x= = 160
2
a + 8d = 17 ∴ First prize x = Rs. 160
w
a + 3d = 7 Remaining prizes : 140, 120, 100, 80, 60, 40
– – –
–––––––––––––
5d = 10
d=2
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