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enzymes
Question 0 Non-Calculator
Which of the following macromolecules describe a typical enzyme?
Macromolecule Type
A. Protein Fibrous
B. Lipid Hydrophobic
C. Protein Globular
D. Lipid Hydrophilic
Question 1 Non-Calculator
What is the substrate for the enzyme lactase?
A. Glucose
B. Galactose
C. Lactose
D. Fructose
Question 2 Non-Calculator
Which statement about enzymes is not true?
A. Enzymes are made of one or more polypeptides curled into very specific shapes.
B. The active site of an enzyme can accommodate many different substrates.
C. When the substrate fits into the active site, the shape of the whole enzyme changes slightly.
D. Enzymes are responsible for catalyzing most metabolic reactions that occur in living cells.
Question 3 Non-Calculator
Unlike the majority of other DNA polymerases, Taq polymerase, which is used in PCR reactions can withstand high temperatures without denaturing.
Which of the following is a likely source for Taq polymerase?
A. Bacteria living in the Arctic
B. Bacteria from the hot springs in Yellowstone National Park
C. Microorganisms in Siberia's deep permafrost
D. Bacteria found in the undergrowth of rainforests
Question 4 Non-Calculator
The following image shows the structure of the lysozyme enzyme. The darkened structure in black is the substrate and is bound at the active site.
[Adapted from Shafee, T. (2015, December 22). File: enzyme structure.svg. Wikimedia Commons. Retrieved May 13, 2022, from https:
//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File: Enzyme_structure.svg. Copyright under CC-BY 4.0]
Which of the following characterizes the active site of an enzyme?
A. It is rigid and cannot change its shape.
B. It has a binding site for a substrate(s) and catalyzes reactions.
C. It is always found in the middle of globular enzymes.
D. It is changed irreversibly in shape after binding with the substrate.
Question 5 Non-Calculator
Which of the following statements describes how enzymes interact with substrates to catalyze reactions?
I. Enzymes and substrates in solutions collide with one another, and the substrate is bound at the active site.
II. There is more movement of the substrate in a reaction because the substrate is usually smaller than the enzyme in size.
III. When the substrate binds to the active site, the shape of the enzyme changes slightly so it can accommodate the substrate.
A. I, II and III
B. I and II only
C. I and III only
D. II only
Question 6 Non-Calculator
How does denaturation change the properties of an enzyme?
A. The enzyme structure is changed but it can still bind the substrate.
B. The structure of the enzyme is changed so that it can no longer function as a catalyst.
C. There can be a change in the amino acid sequence of the protein and its tertiary structure is altered.
D. It makes the enzyme more active at high temperatures.
Question 7 Calculator Allowed
[Maximum mark: 4]
Many enzymatic reactions happen as pathways involving multiple steps and multiple enzymes.
[ © Revision Village 2022. Created with BioRender.com ]
1. Describe how enzymes catalyze reactions. [2]
2. Outline the advantages of enzyme-substrate specificity. [2]
Question 8 Non-Calculator
In an experiment, the effect of increasing temperature on the efficiency of lactase activity is tested. Which is an appropriate dependent variable for this
experiment?
A. Change in temperature
B. Variation in pH
C. Change in lactase concentration
D. Rate of glucose production
Question 9 Calculator Allowed
[Maximum mark: 10]
The equipment below can be used to study the effect of temperature on the activity of the enzyme amylase.
[© Revision Village 2023. Created with Chemix (https<NO LINK>://chemix.org)]
1. Outline how this equipment could be used to set up a study into the effect of temperature on amylase activity, up to the point of getting the
results. [3]
2. Outline how the rate of reaction of the breakdown of starch by amylase could be measured using the equipment given. [2]
3. Describe a suitable control experiment for this study. [2]
4. Suggest one way to increase the reliability of the data that can be gathered from this experiment. [1]
5. Using the axis below draw a graph of the expected results from the study in part (a). [2]
Question 10 Non-Calculator
Enzyme A (Enz A) was immobilized on a matrix and its activity was compared with that of a free enzyme in solution. The graph shows the relative
enzyme activity (y-axis) with varying pH (x-axis).
[ © Revision Village 2022]
Which of the following statements is true?
I. Both soluble and immobilized enzymes are inactive at higher pH values of 8.
II. The immobilized Enz A is more resistant to pH changes showing more activity than the soluble enzyme at most tested pH values.
III. Immobilizing Enz A did not decrease its catalytic activity.
A. I and II only
B. I only
C. I, II and III
D. I and III only
Question 11 Non-Calculator
Purified enzymes are easily denatured. Which of the following is the best way to keep enzymes active for a longer period of time?
A. By adding acid to the solution containing the enzyme
B. By adding alcohol to the solution containing the enzyme slowly under cold conditions
C. Keeping the enzyme in a buffer solution at an appropriate pH in a refrigerator
D. Heating the enzyme to 100o C and then storing it in an appropriate container
Question 12 Non-Calculator
Which of the following statements describes the advantages of using immobilized enzymes instead of free enzymes in the food, pharmaceutical and
detergent industries?
I. Immobilization increases the stability of enzymes at a wider range of pH and temperatures.
II. Immobilization makes reusing and recovering enzymes a simpler process.
III. Immobilization makes the process more expensive.
A. I and II only
B. I only
C. II only
D. I, II and III
Question 13 Calculator Allowed
[Maximum mark: 6]
1. Outline the different ways the rate of enzyme catalyzed reactions can be measured. [2]
2. Draw a graph to show the effect of temperature on the reaction rate of an enzyme. [3]
3. State how the optimum temperature can be determined using the graph drawn in part b. [1]
Question 14 Non-Calculator
An experiment tests the effect of changing substrate concentration on an enzymatic reaction. What could be the independent and dependent variables in
this experiment?
Independent variable Dependent variable
A. temperature substrate concentration
B. substrate concentration rate of product formation
C. enzyme concentration temperature
D. rate of product formation substrate concentration
Question 15 Non-Calculator
The graph shows the effect of increasing pH on the rate of an enzymatic reaction. What is occurring during the phase labelled section X in the graph?
[© Revision Village 2022]
A. The substrate has all been converted to product.
B. The enzyme is saturated with substrate.
C. The active site of the enzyme has become denatured.
D. The optimum pH has been reached.
Question 16 Calculator Allowed
[Maximum mark: 10]
The enzyme pepsin hydrolyses proteins to release peptides in the stomach. A study was carried out to determine the effect of increasing substrate
concentration on enzyme activity at a constant temperature of 30°C.
[© Revision Village 2023]
1. Describe the trends shown by the graph. [2]
1. 2. Outline why it is important that temperature is kept constant in this experiment. [2]
2. State one factor other than temperature that would need to be controlled in this experiment. [1]
3. Suggest a method that can be used to maintain a constant temperature in this experiment. [1]
3. Calculate the rate of reaction during the first 4 minutes when the enzyme pepsin is exposed to 5 mM of protein. Make sure you show your
working. [2]
4. Explain the observed results. [2]
Question 17 Calculator Allowed
[Maximum mark: 15]
A study has been conducted on the activity of a specific lactase (Bg10), analysing the effect of pH, temperature and glucose concentration, as it may
potentially be used as a commercial lactase to produce lactose-free milk.
[Source: Adapted from Gomes-Pepe, E. S., Machado Sierra, E. G., Pereira, M. R., Castellane, T. C., & Lemos, E. G. (2016). BG10: A novel
metagenomics alcohol-tolerant and glucose-stimulated GH1 ß-glucosidase suitable for lactose-free milk preparation. PLOS ONE, 11(12). Retrieved
January 07 2023, from https<NO LINK>://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0167932 Copyright-free]
1. Deduce which temperature used in this experiment was the optimum one for the enzyme Bg10. Give a reason for your answer. [1]
2. Explain the change in enzyme activity at temperatures above 40°C. [2]
3. Evaluate whether the data supports the claim that the optimum pH for the lactase enzyme Bg10 is 7. [2]
[Source: Adapted from Gomes-Pepe, E. S., Machado Sierra, E. G., Pereira, M. R., Castellane, T. C., & Lemos, E. G. (2016). BG10: A novel
metagenomics alcohol-tolerant and glucose-stimulated GH1 ß-glucosidase suitable for lactose-free milk preparation. PLOS ONE, 11(12). Retrieved
January 07 2023, from https<no link>://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0167932 Copyright-free]
4. Calculate the percentage difference in relative activity of the enzyme Bg10 when treated with 500 mM of glucose compared to 50 mM of
glucose. Make sure you show your working. [2]
Further studies have been conducted on other lactase enzymes to test their thermal stability at an optimum temperature of 60°C, when they are
immobilised on graphene nanosheets, in comparison to lactase enzymes floating freely in milk.
[Source: Adapted from Kishore, D., Talat, M., Srivastava, O. N., & Kayastha, A. M. (2012). Immobilisation of β-galactosidase onto functionalized
graphene nano-sheets using response surface methodology and its analytical applications. PLoS ONE, 7(7). Retrieved January 07 2023, from https<no
link>://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0040708 Copyright-free]
5. Compare the trend shown by the immobilised enzyme to that of the soluble enzyme. [1]
6. Calculate the range of data for the soluble enzyme over 10 minutes. [1]
The storage stability at room temperature of the immobilised enzymes has also been compared to lactase enzymes floating freely in milk.
[Source: Adapted from Kishore, D., Talat, M., Srivastava, O. N., & Kayastha, A. M. (2012). Immobilisation of β-galactosidase onto functionalized
graphene nano-sheets using response surface methodology and its analytical applications. PLoS ONE, 7(7). Retrieved January 07 2023, from https<no
link>://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0040708 Copyright-free]
7. Compare and contrast the storage stability of the immobilised and free soluble enzyme. [2]
The reusability of the immobilised enzyme was tested, by analysing the activity of the immobilised enzyme over 10 uses.
[Adapted from: Source Kishore, D., Talat, M., Srivastava, O. N., & Kayastha, A. M. (2012). Immobilisation of β-galactosidase onto functionalized
graphene nano-sheets using response surface methodology and its analytical applications. PLoS ONE, 7(7). Retrieved January 07 2023, https<no
link>://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0040708 Copyright-free]
8. State one advantage of being able to reuse immobilised enzymes. [1]
9. Using the data provided, and your own knowledge, suggest why immobilised enzymes should be used to make lactose free milk. [3]
Question 18 Calculator Allowed
[Maximum mark: 16]
1. Explain how increasing the concentration of an enzyme affects the rate of reaction. [4]
2. Lactase converts lactose to glucose and galactose. Outline how lactase is used in the food industry. [4]
3. Discuss the industrial use of immobilized enzymes using a named example. [7]
