Question Bank

On
NLP, COA, ITB
 St. Joseph’s College of Arts and Science for Women,
Mookandapalli, Sipcot, Hosur–635126.

NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING

UNIT I
ONE MARKS:

1. What is full form of NLP?

a.Natural Language Processing b. Nature Language processing
c.Natural Language Process d.Natural Language pages

2. What is the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP)?

a. Computer Science b. Artificial Intelligence
c. Linguistics d. All of the mentioned

3. What are the input and output of an NLP system?

a. Speech and noise b. Speech and Written Text
c. Noise and Written Text d. Noise and value

4. Choose form the following areas where NLP can be useful.

a. Automatic Text b. Automatic Q &A Systems
Summarization
c. Linguistics d. All of the mentioned

5. What is the primary goal of syntax in Natural Language

Processing (NLP)?
a. Sentiment analysis b. Speech recognition
c.Understanding the structure d. NamedEntity Recognition

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& relationships of words

in a sentence
6. Which of the following NLP tasks is most closely associated
with
syntax?
a. Part-of-speech tagging b. Text summarization
c. Topic modeling d. Word embedding

7. What does a syntactic parser do in NLP?

a. Extract named entities from a text
b.Identify the sentiment of a sentences
c. Analyze the grammatical structure & relationships
between words in a sentence
d. Generate human-like text based on input prompts

8. What is the main focus of semantics in NLP?

a. Identifying parts of speech
b. Extracting named entities
c. Understanding the meaning of words and sentences
d. Detecting sentiment in text

9. Which NLP task is most concerned with capturing the meaning

and relationships between words in a sentence?
a. Named Entity Recognition b. Sentiment analysis
c. Word sense disambiguation d. Part-of-speech tagging

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10. What does distributional semantics aim to capture?

a. Syntactic structure of sentences
b. The frequency of words in sentences document
c. Word meanings based on their distributional patterns
in a large corpus
d. Named entities in a given text

11. Which NLP task is most closely associated with analyzing the
contextual use of language to derive meaning?
a. Named Entity Recognition b.Sentiment Analysis
c. Pragmatic Analysis d. Part-of-Speech Tagging

12. What is the primary goal of discourse analysis in NLP?

a. Identifying sentiment in a text
b. Extracting entity from a document
c. Understanding the structure & flow of a conversation
or written text
d. Analyzing syntactic structures in sentences

13. In the context of NLP, what does presupposition resolution aim

to address?
a. Determining the sentiment of a text
b. Identifying named entities of a text
c. Resolving assumptions or background beliefs that
are taken for granted in a given statement
d. Analyzing the grammatical structure of sentences

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14. Which of the following is a common application of NLP in

customer support and service?
a. Image recognition b. Sentiment Analysis
c. Database management d. Network security

15. What NLP application is used to extract information such as

names, organizations, and locations from a given text?
a. Sentiment Analysis b. Named entity recognition
c. Machine translation d. Text summarization

16. In healthcare, what is a potential application of NLP?

a. Weather prediction b. Video game development
c. Disease diagnosis from d. Social media analytics
medical Records

17. How does machine learning contribute to improving the

performance of NLP tasks?
a. By creating new programming languages
b. By automating manual data programming languages
entry tasks
c. By learning patterns and relationships from data to
make predictions
d. By enhancing computer hardware capabilities

18. What is the term used to describe the process of training a

machine learning model on a large dataset to understand
language patterns?

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a. Data pre-processing b.Word embedding

c. Feature engineering d. Supervised learning

19. In the context of NLP, what is a common type of machine

learning algorithm used for text classification tasks, such as
spam detection or sentiment analysis?
a. Decision trees
b. Support vector machines
c. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN)
d. Naive Bayes classifiers

20. In the context of NLP, what is the purpose of using probability?

a. To determine the length of a text document patterns
b. To assign likelihood values to different language
c. To control the speed of machine learning algorithms
d. To identify syntactic errors in sentences

21. Which probability distribution is commonly used in NLP for

modeling the likelihood of a sequence of events?
a. Uniform distribution b Gaussian distribution
c. Poisson distribution d. Conditional probability
distribution

22. Which information theory concept is commonly used to

measure the uncertainty or surprise associated with an event in
NLP?
a. Mean Squared Error (MSE) b. Cross-Entropy

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c. Euclidean Distance coefficient d. Pearson Correlation

23. What is the term used to describe the phenomenon where

certain words tend to occur together more frequently than
would be expected by chance in a given language?
a. Lemmatization b Collocation
c. Stemming d Tokenization

24. In the context of N-gram models, what does "N" represent?

a. The number of sentences in the corpus.
b. The number of words in a sentence.
c. The size of the vocabulary.
d. The number of consecutive words considered as a unit
in the model.

25. What is the main limitation of higher-order N-gram models

(e.g., trigrams or higher) in language modeling?
a. computationally expensive to train.
b. suffers from the curse of dimensionality.
c. prone to overfitting on small datasets.
d. cannot capture contextual information.

26. In the context of language modeling, why is smoothing applied

to handle unseen n-grams?
a. To increase computational efficiency of the language mode
b. To reduce the overall complexity of the model.
c. To assign zero probability to unseen n-grams.

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d. To redistribute probability mass to unseen n-grams

while preserving some

27. What is the purpose of parameter estimation in N-gram models?

a. To assign equal probabilities to all n-grams in the training
data
b. To minimize the likelihood of observed n-grams in the
training data.
c. To determine the optimal size of the n-gram window.
d. To calculate the probabilities of n-grams based on their
frequency in the training data.

28. What is perplexity commonly used for when evaluating

language models in NLP?
a. Measuring the speed of language model training.
b. Assessing the overall Complexity of the language model.
c. Evaluating the predictive power and uncertainty of a
language model on a given dataset.
d. Calculating the number of parameters in the language model.

29. When evaluating language models, what is the primary goal of

using a held-out test set?
a. To check the language model's performance on generalization to
unseen familiar data.

b. To estimate the model's generalization to unseen data.

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c. To fine-tune the model based on additional training data.

d. To assess the model's efficiency in terms of computation.

30. In the context of language model evaluation, what does BLEU

(Bilingual Evaluation Understudy) measure?
a. The diversity of vocabulary used by the language model.
b. The syntactic structure of Generated sentences.
c. The fluency and coherence of generated text.
d. The quality of machine-Generated translations by
comparing them to reference translations.

Answers:
1. a 11. c 21. d
2. d 12. c 22. b
3. b 13. c 23. b
4. d 14. b 24. d
5. a 15. b 25. b
6. a 16. c 26. d
7. c 17. c 27. d
8. c 18. b 28. c
9. c 19. d 29. b
10. c 20. b 30. d

TWO MARKS;

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1. What is NLP?
2. How does a parse tree represent the syntactic structure of
asentence?
3. Define lexical semantics and give an example of how it
influences sentence meaning.
4. How does coreference resolution contribute to pragmatic
understanding in NLP?
5. How does the lack of interpretability pose challenges in the
deployment of NLP systems?
6. Discuss the applications of chatbots in customer service and
support.
7. How does unsupervised learning contribute to NLP tasks like
clustering and topic modeling?
8. Define the concept of probability and its application in language
modeling.
9. Define entropy in the context of information theory.
10. Define the term "collocation" and provide an example of
collocation in a sentence.
11. What is the significance of the Markov assumption in N-gram
language modeling?
12. Define parameter estimation in the context of NLP and why it is
necessary.
13. What is perplexity, and how is it used to evaluate the
performance of language models?

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FIVE MARKS

1. Discuss about NLP tasks in Syntax.

2. Describe NLP tasks in Semantics.
3. Write notes on NLP tasks in Pragmatics.
4. Discuss about the issues of NLP.
5. Describe the applications of NLP.
6. Describe the role of machine learning in NLP.
7. Discuss about Probability Basics.
8. Write notes on Information Theory in NLP.
9. Describe Collocations.
10. Write notes on N-Gram language models.
11. Discuss about Estimating Parameters and Smoothing.
12. Describe how to evaluate Language models.

TEN MARKS:

1. Explain NLP tasks in Syntax and Semantics.

2. Describe NLP tasks in Semantics and Pragmatics.
3. Explain NLP tasks in Syntax and Pragmatics.
4. Explain the issues and applications of NLP.
5. Write a brief note on Machine Learning.
6. Explain about Probability Basics in NLP.
7. Explain about Information theory and Collocations.
8. Explain N-gram Language Models.
9. Explain about Estimating Parameters and Smoothing in NLP.
10. Explain about Evaluating Language Models.

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UNIT II
ONE MARKS;

1. What is the term for a word that has the opposite meaning of
another word?
a. Synonym b. Homonym
c. Antonym d. Homophone

2. Which of the following best describes the process of breaking

down a word into its smallest meaningful units, such as
prefixes, roots, and suffixes?
a. Syntax analysis b. Morphological analysis
c. Semantic analysis d. Phonemic analysis

3. What is the primary purpose of using regular expressions in

NLP?
a. Representing hierarchical structures
b. Pattern matching and text manipulation
c. Speech recognition
d. Sentiment analysis

4. In regular expressions, what does the symbol '^' typically

represent?
a. End of a line b. Start of a line
c. Any character d. Zero or more occurrences

5. Which regular expression quantifier represents zero or more

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occurrences of the preceding character or group?

a. * b. +
c. ? d. {n,m}

6. What is the primary advantage of using Finite-State Automata

(FSA) in NLP?
a. Handling context-free grammars
b. Efficient modeling of regular languages
c. Managing semantic ambiguity
d. Supporting deep learning algorithms

7. In the context of NLP and Finite-State Automata, what do states

represent?
a. Individual words in a sentence
b. Syntactic structures
c. Possible conditions or positions in a process
d. Semantic roles

8. Which of the following is a common application of Finite-State

Automata in NLP?
a. Machine translation b. Part-of-speech tagging
c. Speech recognition d. Semantic parsing words and
sentences

9. What is the main goal of morphological parsing in NLP?

a. Identifying syntactic structures

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b. Analyzing the meaning of sentences

c. Decomposing words into their Morphemes
d. Assigning sentiment to text

10. Which of the following is a typical unit of analysis in

morphological parsing?
a. Sentences b. Words
c. Paragraphs d. Documents

11. In morphological parsing, what is a morpheme?

a. A type of part-of-speech b. The smallest unit of meaning
in a word
c. A syntactic structure d. A complex sentence

12. What is the primary purpose of spelling error detection and

correction in NLP?
a. Improving sentence structure
b. Enhancing semantic analysis
c. Ensuring grammatical correctness
d. Fixing inaccuracies in written text

13. Which NLP technique is commonly used for spelling error

detection and correction?
a. Sentiment analysis b. Named entity recognition
c. Phonetics-based approaches d. Morphological parsing

14. What is a common challenge in spelling error detection and

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correction that can be addressed using context-based methods?

a. Homonym confusion b. Phonemic variations
c. Syntactic ambiguity d. Semantic drift

15. In NLP, what is the term for the smallest unit of meaning in a
language that can stand alone?
a. Morpheme b. Syntactic unit
c. Lexeme d. Sememe

16. Which of the following word classes typically includes words

that represent actions, events, or states?
a. Nouns b. Adjectives
c. Verbs d. Pronouns

17. What is the primary function of adjectives in a sentence?

a. Expressing actions or events
b. Modifying nouns or pronouns
c. Connecting clauses
d. Indicating location

18. What is the main purpose of Part-of-Speech (POS) tagging in

NLP?
a. Identifying sentiment in text
b. Recognizing the structure of sentences
c. Extracting named entities
d. Assigning grammatical categories to words

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19. Which of the following is a common part-of-speech category

that includes words like "dog," "cat," and "house"?
a. Verb b. Adjective
c. Noun d. Adverb

20. What does the term "tagging" refer to in Part-of-Speech

tagging?
a. Assigning labels or categories to words
b. Removing unnecessary words from a text
c. Combining words into phrases
d. Translating text from one language to another

21. Which NLP technique is commonly used for syntactic analysis

to represent the hierarchical structure of sentences?
a. Named Entity Recognition b. Part-of-Speech Tagging
c. Dependency Parsing d. Sentiment Analysis

22. What is Context-free Grammar (CFG) primarily used for in

NLP?
a. Tokenization b. Syntactic analysis
c. Sentiment analysis d. Named entity recognition

23. Which of the following represents a production rule in Context-

free Grammar?
a. A → B b. A * B
c. A + B d. A = B

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24. In the context of Context-free Grammar, what does a non-

terminal symbol represent?
a. A symbol that cannot be expanded further.
b. A symbol that can be replaced sequence of terminal by
symbols
c. A punctuation mark
d. A reserved keyword

25. What is the main goal of Constituency Parsing in NLP?

a. Identifying named entities
b. Recognizing part-of-speech tags
c. Analyzing the hierarchical structure of Sentences
d. Extracting sentiment from text

26. Which data structure is commonly used to represent the output

of a constituency parser?
a. Dependency tree b. Parse tree
c. Linked list d. Hash table

27. What does a constituent represent in Constituency Parsing?

a. A type of part-of-speech
b. A sequence of words that functions as a single unit
c. An entity in a sentence
d. A sentiment category

28. What is the main advantage of using Probabilistic Parsing in

NLP?

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a. Improved runtime efficiency

b. Enhanced accuracy by considering multiple possible parses
c. Reduced memory consumption
d. Simplicity in implementation

29. In Probabilistic Parsing, what do the probabilities associated

with different parses indicate?
a. Execution time
b. Likelihood of a parse being correct
c. Number of rules in the
d. Length of the parse tree grammar

30. Which statistical model is commonly used in Probabilistic

Parsing to estimate the likelihood of different parses?
a. Linear regression b. Hidden Markov Model
c. Naive Bayes d. Maximum Entropy Model

Answers:
1. c 11. b 21. c
2. b 12. d 22. b
3. b 13. c 23. a
4. b 14. a 24. b
5. a 15. a 25. c
6. b 16. c 26. b
7. c 17. b 27. b
8. b 18. d 28. b

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9. c 19. c 29. b
10. b 20. a 30. D

TWO MARKS;

1. Define the term "morpheme" and provide an example.

2. What is the difference between a synonym and an antonym, and
provide an example for each.
3. Define regular expressions (regex) and their significance in
Natural Language Processing (NLP).
4. Provide an example of how a regular expression can be used in
NLP for text pattern matching.
5. Define Finite-State Automaton (FSA).
6. How can a Finite-State Automaton be applied in the context of
tokenization in Natural Language Processing?
7. Provide an example of how morphological parsing can be
applied in NLP for word analysis.
8. Define the concept of spelling error detection in Natural
Language Processing (NLP) and give its importance.
9. Define Part-of-Speech (POS) tagging
10. Provide an example of how Part-of-Speech tagging can aid in
language understanding.
11. Define Context-Free Grammar (CFG).
12. What is Constituency Parsing?
13. What is Probabilistic Parsing?

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FIVE MARKS

1. Explain about role of regular expression in NLP.

2. Write short notes on components of regular expression.
3. Discuss the concept of regular languages and their connection to
Finite-State Automata. Provide an example of a regular
language relevant to NLP.
4. Explain how Finite-State Automata can be used for tokenization
in NLP. Provide a simple example to illustrate the tokenization
process using FSA.
5. Describe Morphological Parsing.
6. Write about Spelling Error Detection and correction.
7. Write short notes on Words and Word Classes.
8. Describe Part-of Speech Tagging.
9. Write about Context Free Grammar.
10. Discuss about Constituency Parsing.
11. Write short notes on Probabilistic Parsing.

TEN MARKS

1. Describe Word Level Analysis.

2. Explain regular expressions in detail.
3. Explain about Finite State Automata.
4. Explain about non-FSA.
5. Briefly write notes on Morphological Parsing.
6. Explain about Spelling Error Detection and correction.
7. Explain about Part-of Speech Tagging.

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8. Explain about Context Free Grammar.

9. Explain about Constituency and Probabilistic Parsing.

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UNIT III

ONE MARKS

1. Which of the following best defines semantic analysis in natural

language processing (NLP)?
a. Identifying the structure and grammar of a sentence
b. Assigning sentiment to a given text
c. Extracting meaning and context from Language
d. Analyzing the frequency of words in a document

2. In semantic analysis, what is the purpose of entity recognition?

a. Detecting the tone of a text
b. Identifying and categorizing specific named elements in
text
c. Assessing the grammar and syntax of a sentence
d. Measuring the readability score of a document

3. Which technique in semantic analysis is used for understanding

relationships between words in a text?
a. Named entity recognition b. Sentiment analysis
c. Word embeddings d.Part-of-speech tagging (POS)

4. Which of the following tasks is NOT typically associated with

semantic analysis?
a. Sentiment analysis b. Syntax parsing

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c. Named entity recognition d. Word sense disambiguation

5. Which method is commonly used for representing words in a

vector space for semantic analysis?
a. One-hot encoding b. Bag-of-words (BoW)
c. Word embeddings d. Term Frequency-Inverse
Document Frequency

6. What does Word2Vec primarily aim to achieve in semantic

analysis?
a. Identifying word frequency in a corpus
b. Assigning a numerical value to the text importance of
each word
c. Capturing semantic relationships and word relationships
and word similarities
d. Analyzing the syntactic structure of sentences

7. What does a syntactic parser do in NLP?

a. Extract named entities from a text
b. Identify the sentiment of a sentence
c. Analyze the grammatical structure & relationships structure
& relationships between words in a sentence
d. Generate human-like text based on input prompts

8. Which approach is used to capture contextual meaning by

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considering the surrounding words in semantic analysis?

a. Latent Semantic Analysis
b. Singular Value Decomposition
c. Word2Vec
d. Bag-of-Words (BoW)

9. Which aspect of language does lexical semantics primarily

focus on?
a. The grammatical structure sentences
b.The interpretation and of sentences meaning of individual
words
c. The emotional tone conveyed in a text
d. The syntactic relationships between Words

10. What does Polysemy refer to in lexical semantics?

a. Words with multiple meanings
b. Words with a single, clear meaning
c. Words that are not commonly used
d. Words that have evolved in recent years

11. Which lexical semantic phenomenon refers to a word's opposite

meaning or contradictory sense?
a. Synonyms b. Antonyms
c. Homonyms d. Hyponyms

12. Which NLP technique aims to disambiguate between the

different possible interpretations of a sentence or phrase?

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a. Named Entity Recognition b. Part-of-Speech Tagging

c. Sentiment Analysis d. Semantic Role Labeling

13. What challenge does syntactic ambiguity pose in natural

language processing?
a. Difficulty in identifying the subject of a sentence
b. Complexity in determining the emotional tone of a text
c. Ambiguity arising from the structure of a sentence
d. Identifying specific named entities in a text

14. What is the primary objective of Word Sense Disambiguation

(WSD) in Natural Language Processing (NLP)?
a. Assigning a sentiment score to a given text
b. Identifying the frequency of words in a document
c. Resolving ambiguity by determining the correct meaning of
a word in context
d. Recognizing the grammatical
structure of a sentence

15. Which method is commonly used in Word Sense

Disambiguation to disambiguate between different word
senses?
a. Contextual analysis
b. Statistical machine learning algorithms
c. Rule-based systems
d. Semantic networks

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16. What is the main challenge in Word Sense Disambiguation?

a. Limited availability of annotated training data
b. Ambiguity only exists in rare cases
c. Easy application due to well-defined Word senses
d. Context doesn’t play a significant role in disambiguation.

17. What is the primary goal of discourse analysis in NLP?

a. Identifying individual words in a Sentence
b. Parsing the grammatical structure of a paragraph
c. Understanding the relationship and organization of text
beyond sentence Boundaries
d. Extracting entities from a given document

18. Which NLP technique is commonly used to identify discourse

relations between sentences in a text?
a. Named Entity Recognition b.Part-of-Speech Tagging
c. Coreference Resolution d. Discourse Parsing

19. Which aspect of discourse processing involves resolving

references to the same entity mentioned earlier in a text?
a. Sentence segmentation b. Coherence modeling
c. Anaphora resolution d. Semantic role labeling
20. In NLP, cohesion refers to:
a. The grammatical correctness of a Sentence.
b. The ability of a model to generate diverse text
c. The flow of ideas and connections within a text.
d. The identification of named entities in a document.

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21. Which technique in NLP is commonly used to enhance cohesion

in text generation models by ensuring continuity and
coherence?
a. Entity Recognition b. Latent Dirichlet Allocation
c. Word Embeddings d. Recurrent Neural Networks

22. What does lexical cohesion in NLP primarily focus on?

a. Grammar and syntax of sentences
b. Relationships between words and phrases within a text
c. Semantic similarity between documents
d. Sentiment analysis in social media text

23. What does reference resolution in NLP refer to?

a. Identifying and resolving pronouns and Noun phrase to
their antecedents.
b. Determining the sentiment of a text.
c. Analyzing syntactic structures in a Sentence.
d. Translating text from one language to another.

24. Which technique is commonly used for reference resolution in

NLP?
a. Supervised learning algorithms.
b. Sentiment analysis.
c . Part-of-speech tagging.
d. coreference resolution model like neural networks.

25. What is the primary challenge in reference resolution?

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a. Identifying complex sentences.

b. Resolving ambiguous references.
c. Tokenizing the text.
d. Identifying subject-verb agreement.

26. What does Discourse Coherence refer to in Natural Language

Processing?
a. The grammatical correctness of a sentence
b. The flow of ideas and connection between sentences or
utterances.
c. The extraction of named entities from text.
d. The identification of synonyms in a text corpus.

27. What is the primary goal of discourse coherence in NLP?

a. Enhancing individual sentence clarity and flow
b. Improving document-level understanding
c. Minimizing word count in
d. Maximizing lexical diversity text

28. Which of the following is a common method used for discourse

coherence modeling in NLP?
a. Random word generation b. Sentiment analysis
c. Latent Semantic Analysis d. Text summarization

29. Which of the following is a challenge in discourse coherence

that can be addressed through NLP techniques?
a. Increasing the font size for better readability in a document

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b. Reducing the number of paragraphs

c. Handling ambiguous pronouns and references
d. Using a wider variety of font styles

30. What is the purpose of discourse markers in improving

discourse coherence?
a. They add complexity to the sentences
b. They provide information about named entities.
c. They signal relationships between Sentences and help guide
the reader
d. They are used for sentiment analysis.
.

Answers:
1. c 11. b 21. d
2. b 12. b 22. b
3. c 13. c 23. a
4. b 14. c 24. d
5. c 15. b 25. b
6. c 16. a 26. b
7. c 17. c 27. b
8. c 18. d 28. c
9. b 19. c 29. c
10. a 20. c 30. c

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TWO MARKS

1. Define semantic analysis in the context of NLP

2. What is the significance of semantic analysis in language
understanding?
3. How does Semantic Analysis contribute to disambiguating word
meanings in NLP? Provide a concise example to illustrate its
importance.
4. How vector space models used in the representation of Semantic
Analysis in NLP?
5. Define lexical semantics.
6. provide an example illustrating Lexical Analysis importance.
7. Define lexical ambiguity.
8. provide an example to illustrate Ambiguity occurrence.
9. What is the challenge of syntactic ambiguity in NLP
10. Define Word Sense Disambiguation(WSD).
11. why WSD is essential for language processing tasks.
12. What is Discourse Coherence?

FIVE MARKS

1. Write about Semantic Analysis.

2. Describe Meaning of Semantic Analysis.
3. Discuss about the representation of Semantic Analysis.
4. Write short notes on Lexical Semantics.
5. Write about Ambiguity.
6. Write about Word Sense Disambiguation.

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7. Describe Discourse processing.

8. Explain about Cohesion in NLP with an example.
9. Write about Reference Resolution.
10. Describe Discourse Coherence.

TEN MARKS

1. Briefly write notes on Semantic Analysis.

2. Explain about Meaning and Representation of Semantic
Analysis.
3. Explain Lexical Semantics in detail.
4. Describe Ambiguity and Word Sense Disambiguation.
5. Explain Discourse Processing in detail.
6. Explain Cohesion and Reference Resolution in detail.
7. Explain Discourse Coherence and Structure in Detail.

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UNIT IV

ONE MARKS

1. What is the primary purpose of the planning module in the

architecture of an NLG system?
a. Generating surface forms of sentences.
b. Deciding the content and structure of the generated text.
c. Handling syntactic and morphological Rules
d. Converting input data into a suitable format for NLG.

2. Which module in the NLG system architecture is responsible for

transforming abstract meaning representations into
grammatical structures?
a. Realization module.
b. Planning module.
c. Content Determination module.
d. Lexicalization module.

3. What is the role of the microplanning module in NLG system

architecture?
a. Deciding the overall content and structure of the text.
b. Transforming abstract Meaning representations into
surface forms.
c. Generating detailed syntactic& morphological structures.
d. Handling input data preprocessing.

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4. Which component is responsible for selecting appropriate words

and phrases to express the intended meaning in the NLG
system architecture?
a. Planning module.
b. Lexicalization module.
c. Realization module.
d. Content Determination module.

5. Which of the following is a common NLG task that involves

generating a human-like summary of a document or set of
documents?
a. Named Entity Recognition b.Sentiment Analysis
c. Text Summarization d. Part-of-Speech Tagging

6. In NLG, what task involves generating coherent and

contextually appropriate responses to user queries in a
conversational system?
a. Machine Translation b. Dialogue Generation
c. Semantic Role Labeling d. Word Sense Disambiguation

7. Which NLG task is concerned with converting structured data

into natural language text?
a. Speech Recognition b. Information Retrieval
c. Data-to-Text Generation d. Coreference Resolution

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8. What is a common approach for representing structured

information in NLG?
a. Vector space models b. Ontologies
c. Named Entity Recognition d. Sentiment Analysis

9. Which type of representation is often used to capture the

meaning of words and their relationships in NLG tasks?
a. Syntax-based representation b. Ontological representation
c. Vector space models d. Rule-based representation

10. In NLG, what role do templates play in representation?

a. Templates are not used in NLG.
b. Templates define the rules for Syntactic Analysis.
c. Templates provide a structured way to generate structured
way to generate natural language text by filling in
placeholders.
d. Templates are used for named entity recognition.

11. Which NLP application often relies on NLG to convert raw

data into human-readable narratives or reports?
a. Named Entity Recognition b. Text Summarization
c. Sentiment Analysis d. Part-of-Speech Tagging

12. In which scenario would NLG be most beneficial?

a. Recognizing entities in a sentence.
b. Converting spoken language to written text.
c. Determining the sentiment of a user's review.

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d. Identifying the grammatical structure of a sentence

13. What NLG application involves automatically generating

descriptive and explanatory text based on structured data?
a. Dialogue Generation b. Data-to-Text Generation
c. Machine Translation d. Semantic Role Labeling

14. What is the primary goal of Machine Translation (MT) in

NLP?
a. Speech Recognition b. Text Summarization
c. Translating text from one d. Sentiment Analysis
language to another

15. Which approach is commonly used in statistical machine

translation models?
a. Rule-based b. Neural Networks
c. Genetic Algorithms d. Markov Models

16. In Neural Machine Translation (NMT), what is the typical

architecture used for translating sequences of words?
a. Feedforward Neural Network
b. Recurrent Neural Network (RNN)
c. Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)
d. Transformer

17. Which of the following is a common challenge in Machine

Translation that arises due to differences in word order and

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sentence structure between languages?

a. Lexical Ambiguity b. Morphological Variation
c. Syntactic Divergence d. Named Entity Recognition

18. What is the term for the phenomenon in Machine Translation

where a single word in the source language may have multiple
possible translations in the target language, leading to
uncertainty?
a. Polysemy b. Ambiguity
c. Homonymy d. Synonymy

19. Which aspect of translation difficulty involves the challenge of

accurately capturing the cultural and contextual nuances of a
source text in the target language?
a. Lexical Variation b. Cultural Idioms
c. Ambiguity Resolution d. Domain Adaptation

20. What is a common characteristic of Indian languages that poses

a challenge in Natural Language Processing tasks such as
Machine Translation?
a. Lack of linguistic diversity
b. Uniform grammatical structures
c. Limited vocabulary size
d. Morphological complexity

21. Which linguistic feature in many Indian languages makes

Named Entity Recognition challenging in NLP?

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a. Lack of proper nouns

b Frequent use of acronyms
c. Rich inflectional morphology
d. Consistent word order.

22. In the context of Indian languages, what is a significant

challenge for speech recognition systems?
a. Consistent pronunciation across regions
b Limited phonetic variations
c. Code-switching and diglossia
d. Homogeneous accent patterns

23. Which traditional approach to Machine Translation relies on

linguistic rules and dictionaries to generate translations?
a. Statistical Machine translation.
b. Neural Machine Translation.
c. Rule-based Machine Translation
d. Transfer-based Machine Translation.

24. What is the primary advantage of Statistical Machine

Translation (SMT) over Rule-based Machine Translation
(RBMT)?
a. Better handling of morphological Variations
b. Ability to learn from large bilingual corpora
c. Improved real-time translation.
d. Simplicity in rule creation.

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25. In Neural Machine Translation (NMT), what type of neural

network architecture is commonly used to process and generate
translations?
a. Recurrent Neural Network
b. Convolutional Neural Network
c. Long Short-Term Memory
d. Transformer

26. What is a key limitation of Rule-based Machine Translation

(RBMT) systems?
a. Dependency on large parallel corpora
b. Limited ability to handle syntax and semantics
c. Inability to adapt to new language pairs
d. High computational complexity

27. Which Machine Translation approach has gained prominence

in recent years and is known for its parallel processing
capabilities and attention mechanisms?
a. Statistical Machine Translation
b. Neural Machine Translation
c. Rule-based Machine Translation
d. Transfer-based Machine Translation

28. In the context of Indian languages, what is a common issue that

arises in Machine Translation due to the existence of multiple
scripts and writing systems?
a. Ambiguity in translation

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b. Lack of parallel corpora

c. Difficulty in script conversion
d. Consistent pronunciation patterns

29. Which linguistic feature poses a challenge in the translation of

Indian languages, particularly when dealing with named
entities such as people, places, and organizations?
a. Lack of proper nouns
b. Frequent use of acronyms
c. Rich inflectional morphology
d. Consistent word order.
30. In the translation of Indian languages, what term describes the
practice of mixing multiple languages within the same sentence
or discourse?
a. Syncretism b. Diglossia
c. Code-switching d. Polyglotism

Answers:
1. b 11. c 21. c
2. a 12. b 22. c
3. c 13. b 23. c
4. b 14. c 24. b
5. c 15. b 25. d
6. b 16. d 26. b
7. c 17. c 27. b
8. b 18. a 28. c
9. c 19. b 29. a

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10. c 20. d 30. c

TWO MARKS

1. What are the key components of the architecture of NLG

systems?
2. What is the role of linguistic representations in NLG systems?
3. How do linguistic representations contribute to the generation of
natural language text?
4. How does polysemy pose a challenge in accurately translating
text between languages?
5. Outline two characteristics of Indian languages that make
Machine Translation challenging.
6. Provide an example of an application where Natural Language
Generation (NLG) is commonly used.
7. How has the Transformer model improved translation
performance?
8. How can advanced Machine Translation models address or
mitigate this challenge?
9. What are the applications of NLG?

FIVE MARKS

1. Provide a brief overview of the generation tasks they perform.

2. Discuss the role of linguistic representations in NLG systems.
3. Compare and contrast symbolic and statistical representations in

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the context of NLG.

4. Identify and elaborate on one syntactic challenge in Machine
Translation.
5. Compare and contrast the approaches of Rule-based Machine
Translation (RBMT) and Neural Machine Translation (NMT) in
the context of translating Indian languages.
6. Discuss the significance of NLG in data storytelling.
7. Discuss one specific challenge encountered in the translation
involving Indian languages.
8. Propose strategies to address and incorporate cultural context in
the translation process.
9. Explore the role of Natural Language Generation (NLG) in the
field of healthcare.
10. Identify and elaborate on three characteristics specific to Indian
languages that pose challenges for Machine Translation.

TEN MARKS

1. Explain the key components of the architecture of Natural

Language Generation (NLG) systems.
2. Discuss how NLG systems handle various generation tasks such
as summarization, text expansion, and creative writing.
Illustrate your answer with a real-world NLG application.
3. Explore the evolution of NLG systems with a focus on how
advancements in representation learning have influenced their
architecture.
4. Explain the concept of polysemy in the context of Machine

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Translation.
5. Briefly explain the Transformer architecture in the context of
Neural Machine Translation (NMT).
6. Analyze the role of contextual information in overcoming
ambiguity in Machine Translation.
7. Compare and contrast different Machine Translation
approaches, including Rule-based Machine Translation
(RBMT), Statistical Machine Translation (SMT), and Neural
Machine Translation (NMT), in the context of translating Indian
languages.
8. Examine the role of pre-training and fine-tuning in enhancing
the performance of Machine Translation models for Indian
languages.

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UNIT V
ONE MARKS

1. What is the primary goal of Information Retrieval (IR) in Natural

Language Processing?
a. Speech recognition
b. Document summarization
c. Retrieving relevant information from a large dataset
d. Machine translation

2. Which term is used to describe the process of converting

unstructured textual data into a structured representation for
efficient retrieval in NLP?
a. Parsing b. Tokenization
c. Indexing d. Stemming

3. What is an inverted index in the context of Information

Retrieval?
a. An index that is sorted in descending order
b. An index that maps terms to their document locations
c. An index used for encryption in NLP
d. An index used for sentiment analysis

4. In the Vector Space Model (VSM) for Information Retrieval,

documents and queries are represented as:
a. Trees b. Graphs
c. Vectors d. Strings

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5. Which of the following is a design feature of a good Information

Retrieval system in NLP?
a. Slow response time b.High precision and low recall
c. Limited scalability d. User-friendly interfaces

6. Which of the following is a challenge in designing an effective

Information Retrieval system for NLP?
a. Low recall b. Ambiguity in language
c. Strict tokenization d. Ignoring user feedback

7. What is the term for the process of determining the relevance of

a document to a user's query in Information Retrieval?
a. Classification b. Clustering
c. Ranking d. Tokenization

8. What is the primary function of an inverted index in a classical

Information Retrieval system?
a. Sorting documents alphabetically locations
b. Mapping terms to their document
c. Encrypting sensitive information
d. Classifying documents based on content.

9. In classical Information Retrieval, what does the term "Boolean

retrieval" refer to?
a. Retrieval based on mathematical functions(AND, OR, NOT)
b. Retrieval using Boolean operators

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c. Retrieval with probabilistic models

d. Retrieval using neural networks

10. Which term is used to describe the measure of the proportion of

relevant documents retrieved by an Information Retrieval
system?
a. Precision b. Recall
c. F1 score d. Accuracy

11. What is the purpose of the term frequency-inverse document

frequency (TF-IDF) weighting scheme in classical Information
Retrieval?
a. To prioritize long documents over short documents.
b.To calculate the overall accuracy of the system.
c. To measure the importance of a term.
d.To encrypt documents for secure retrieval in a document
collection.

12. Which classical Information Retrieval model focuses on

assigning weights to terms based on their importance for
document representation?
a. Vector Space Model b. Boolean Model
c. Probabilistic Model d. Bayesian Model

13. What is a key characteristic of non-classical information

retrieval systems?
a. Reliance on Boolean logic

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b. Emphasis on structured databases

c. Flexibility in handling unstructured data
d.Strict adherence to standardized query languages

14. Which of the following is a common feature of non-classical

information retrieval algorithms?
a. Exact match keyword search
b. Tokenization based on stop words
c. Machine learning and natural language processing
d. Network security Strict relevance ranking

15. In non-classical information retrieval, what does the term

"relevance feedback" refer to?
a. The use of precise Boolean Operators rankings based on
user feedback.
b. Dynamic adjustment of document
c. Scanning and indexing of documents
d. Restriction of search queries to predefined categories

16. Which type of data is typically challenging for classical

information retrieval but well-suited for non-classical systems?
a. Structured databases
b. Numerical data
c. Unstructured text and multimedia content
d. Categorical data

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17. What role does machine learning play in non-classical

information retrieval systems?
a. It is not applicable to information retrieval
b. Machine learning is used for irrelevant document filtering
c. Machine learning is employed for document ranking and
relevance prediction
d. It is only used for query expansion.

18. What is the primary purpose of valuation lexical resources in

NLP?
a. To identify syntactic structure. in text.
b. To evaluate the emotional sentiment of words
c. To classify documents into categories
d. To analyze the phonetic features of Speech

19. Which of the following is an example of a valuation lexical

resource commonly used in sentiment analysis?
a. Word embeddings b. Part-of-speech taggers
c. Named entity recognizers d. Affective lexicons

20. How are valuation lexical resources utilized in NLP?

a. They assist in identifying grammatical errors in sentences.
b. They provide a structured database of words with their
associated sentiments or emotions
c. They help in speech recognition by mapping phonetic
variations.
d. They primarily aid in translating text between

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languages.

21. What is WordNet primarily used for in Natural Language

Processing (NLP)?
a. Identifying the grammatical structure of sentences
b. Creating deep learning model for language translation
c. Organizing words into a lexical database and showing their
semantic relationships
d. Analyzing sentiment in social media text

Which of the following does Word Net provide to its users?

a. A list of trending words in real-time
b. Synonyms, antonyms, and word definitions
c. Image recognition for objects described in text
d. Analysis of sentence structure and grammar

22. How are synsets represented in WordNet?

a. As a list of phonetic variations of a word or senses
b. As a hierarchical structure of word meanings
c. As a collection of words with the same length and
number of syllables.
d As a mapping of words to the is grammatical categories.

23. What is the primary focus of FrameNet in Natural Language

Processing (NLP)?
a. Identifying the root forms of words in text.
b. Analyzing the syntactic structures of sentences

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c. Describing the frames and their semantic roles of words

d. Classifying documents based on their topics.

24. How does Frame Net organize lexical information?

a. Alphabetically based on word frequency
b. By mapping words to the corresponding phonetic sounds of
semantic frames
c. Through hierarchical structured.
d. Based on the length of the words.

25. What is the primary purpose of a stemming algorithm in Natural

Language Processing (NLP)?
a. Identifying synonyms of word
b. Normalizing words to their base or root forms
c. Analyzing sentence structures
d. Classifying sentiment in text

26. How does a stemming algorithm treat words?

a. It converts words into their past tense forms.
b. It reduces words to their base forms by removing affixes
c. It identifies words that have similar meanings
d. It sorts words based on their frequencies in a corpus

27. What is the primary purpose of a POS tagger in natural

language processing?
a. To identify the structure of a sentence e
b. To assign labels to words indicating their grammatical

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types.
c. To perform sentiment analysis
d..To generate summaries of text

28. Why is a high-quality Research Corpus important for training

SSAS models like POS Taggers?
a. It provides labeled data for training and evaluation
b. It speeds up real-time processing .
c. It enhances the visual representation
d. It ensures compatibility with hardware of text accelerators

29. Which of the following is a challenge often encountered in

building a Research Corpus for training POS Taggers in NLP?
a. Including only common words in the corpus
b. Using a single genre of text for diversity
c. Omitting punctuation marks in the labeled data
d. Handling ambiguity and variability in language usage

Answers:
1. c 11. c 21. c
2. c 12. a 22. b
3. b 13. c 23. b
4. c 14. c 24. c
5. d 15. b 25. c
6. b 16. c 26. b
7. c 17. c 27. b

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8. b 18. b 28. b
9. b 19. d 29. a
10. b 20. b 30. d

TWOMARKS

1. What are the key components of an Information Retrieval

System (IRS)?
2. What is the importance of user interface design in Information
Retrieval Systems?
3. What are the key principles of the Boolean model in Information
Retrieval?
4. What is the vector space model, and how does it represent
documents in Information Retrieval?
5. What is the probabilistic model of Information Retrieval, and
how does it differ from the Boolean model?
6. What is the concept of language models in the context of
Information Retrieval?
7. What is the role of machine learning models in modern
Information Retrieval Systems?
8. How does the learning-to-rank model improve the effectiveness
of Information Retrieval?
9. What are the common metrics used for evaluating the
performance of Information Retrieval Systems?
10. Why is relevance feedback important in the evaluation of
Information Retrieval Systems?

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11. What is WordNet, and how does it organize lexical

information?
12. What is the concept of FrameNet and its use in Information
Retrieval?
13. How do stemmers contribute to improving Information
Retrieval efficiency?
14. Define the role of POS (Part-of-Speech) taggers in Information
Retrieval applications.
15. Why is the construction of high-quality research corpora
essential for training SSAS models in Information Retrieval?

FIVE MARKS

1. Discuss the importance of user-centered design principles in the

development of Information Retrieval Systems.
2. Compare and contrast the Boolean model and the vector space
model in Information Retrieval. Highlight their strengths and
weaknesses.
3. Explain the probabilistic model of Information Retrieval. How
does it addressthe limitations of classical models? Provide
examples of scenarios where it may be more suitable.
4. Evaluate the role of machine learning models in modern
Information Retrieval Systems.
5. Describe the common metrics used for evaluating the
performance of Information Retrieval Systems.
6. Explore the structure and organization of WordNet.
7. Describe the purpose of stemmers in Information Retrieval and

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provide examples of situations where they are beneficial.

8. Elaborate on the significance of research corpora in training
SSAS models for Information Retrieval.
9. Briefly describe the key principles of the Boolean model in
Information Retrieval.
10. Explain the concept of FrameNet and its use in Information
Retrieval.

TEN MARKS

1. Provide a comprehensive overview of the design features that

contribute to the effectiveness of Information Retrieval Systems.
2. Compare and contrast the Boolean model, the vector space
model, and the probabilistic model in Information Retrieval.
3. Explore the concept of language models in Information
Retrieval. How do language models differ from classical models,
and what advantages do they offer in capturing semantic
relationships?
4. Evaluate the role of deep learning models in Information
Retrieval.
5. Critically analyze the limitations of traditional evaluation metrics
(precision, recall, F1-score) in assessing the performance of
Information Retrieval Systems.
6. Provide a detailed explanation of WordNet and FrameNet. How
do these lexical resources contribute to improving the semantic
understanding and retrieval capabilities of Information Retrieval
Systems?

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7. Discuss the role of stemmers and POS taggers in pre-processing

textual data for Information Retrieval.
8. Investigate the process of constructing research corpora for
Information Retrieval.

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COMPUTER ORGANIZATION AND ARCHITECTURE

UNIT I

ONE MARKS:

1. What is a digital signal in the context of digital principles?

a. Continuous and analog b. Discrete and analog
c. Discrete and digital d. Continuous and digital

2. Which of the following best describes a digital waveform?

a. Continuous and smooth b. Discrete and step-like
c. Analog and variable d. Irregular and unpredictable

3. What is the fundamental unit of information in digital systems?

a. Analog b. Voltage
c. Bit d. Hertz

4. What does the term "digital" refer to in the context of digital

signals?
a. Continuous variation b. Analog representation
c. Discrete values d. Variable frequency

5. Which characteristic distinguishes digital signals from analog

signals?
a. Voltage levels b. Continuous waveforms
c.Quantized representation d. Susceptibility to noise

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6. Which of the following is the fundamental building block of

digital circuits?
a. Transistor b. Resistor
c. Capacitor d. Inductor

7. In digital systems, what is the primary function of a flip-flop?

a. Signal amplification b. Data storage
c. Voltage regulation d. Frequency modulation

8. What is the binary representation of the decimal number 25?

a. 11001 b. 10011
c. 11101 d. 11010

9. Which logic gate performs the operation of addition in binary

arithmetic?
a. AND gate b. OR gate
c. XOR gate d. NAND gate

10. What is the purpose of an ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit) in a

digital computer?
a. Memory storage
b. Data input
c. Arithmetic and logic operations
d. Output display

11. Which logic gate outputs a high signal (1) only when both of its
inputs are high?

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a. AND gate b. OR gate

c. XOR gate d. NAND gate

12. What is the output of an OR gate if both of its inputs are low
(0)?
a. Low (0) b. High (1)
c. It depends on other factors d. Cannot be determined

13. Which basic logic gate can be used to implement addition in

binary arithmetic?
a. AND gate b. OR gate
c. XOR gate d. NAND gate

14. In a NAND gate, what is the output when both inputs are high
(1)?
a. High (1) b. Low (0)
c. It depends on other factors d. Cannot be determined

15. Which of the following logic gates is considered a universal

gate?
a. AND gate b. OR gate
c. XOR gate d. NAND Gate

16. What is the special property of a universal gate that allows it to

implement any other logic gate?
a. It has multiple inputs
b. It has multiple outputs

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c. It can perform addition

d. It can be used to create AND,OR and NOT functions.

17. Which combination of universal gates can be used to implement

any digital circuit?
a. NAND gates only b. NOR gates only
c. XOR gates only d. AND gates and OR gates

18. What is the advantage of using universal gates in digital circuit

design?
a. They are faster than other gates
b. They require less power
c. They simplify circuit design by reducing the number of gate
types
d. They have higher fan-out capabilities

19. If you have only NOR gates, which logic gate can you
implement?
a. AND gate b.OR gate
c. XOR gate d. NAND gate

20. What is the output of an inverter gate when the input is high
(1)?
a. High (1)
b. Low (0)
c. It depends on other factors algorithms

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d. Cannot be determined
21. Which of the following is the symbol commonly used to
represent an inverter gate?
a. Σ bْ
c. ‫ר‬ d. ൓ܳ

22. What is the primary function of an inverter gate in digital

circuits?
a. Signal amplification b Data storage
c. Voltage regulation d. Signal inversion

23. In positive logic, a logic level '1' represents:

a. High voltage or true b Low voltage or false
c. Either high or low voltage d None of the above

24. Which of the following statements is true for negative logic?

a. Logic '1' is represented by high voltage
b. Logic '0' is represented by low voltage
c. Both a and b
d. None of the above

25. A NAND gate operates with negative logic. What is the output
of a NAND gate when both inputs are at logic '1'?
a. Logic '0'
b. Logic '1'
c. Logic 'X' (indeterminate)
d. It depends on the gate implementation

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26. What is the primary unit of digital information storage?

a. Byte b. Bit
c. Kilogram d. Megahertz

27. What is the term for the rate at which bits are transmitted over a
communication channel?
a. Amplitude b. Frequency
c. Bit rate d. Phase

28. In digital logic, what is the basic building block that performs a
logical operation and has one output and one or more inputs?
a. Flip-Flop b. Multiplexer
c. Logic Gate d. Decoder

29. What is the Boolean expression for the AND gate?

a. A + B b. A * B
c. A – B d. A / B

30. What is the purpose of a multiplexer in digital logic?

a. To perform addition operation
b. To select one of many input signals and direct it to a
c. To invert the input signal
d. To perform logical AND operations

Answers:
1. c 11. a 21. d
2. b 12. a 22. d

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3. c 13. c 23. a
4. c 14. b 24. c
5. c 15. d 25. b
6. a 16. d 26. a
7. b 17. a 27. c
8. a 18. c 28. c
9. c 19. b 29. b
10. c 20. b 30. b

TWOMARKS
1. What are the fundamental characteristics of digital signals?
2. How digital signals differ from analog signals?
3. What are the key features of digital waveforms?
4. Define digital logic.
5. What are the differences between short-term and long-term
storage?
6. Provide examples of basic digital operations.
7. What are the essential characteristics of digital computers?
8. What is the role of digital integrated circuits in digital systems
9. Define the basic logic gates (NOT, OR, AND).
10. What are the functions of NOR and NAND gates.
11. Differentiate between positive logic and negative logic.
12. What are the significance of logic gates in digital systems

FIVE MARKS
1. Define digital signals and explain how they differ from analog
signals.

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2. Discuss the key characteristics of digital signals and their

importance in digital systems.
3. Describe the basic properties of digital waveforms.
4. Explain how digital waveforms are used in communication
systems.
5. Discuss the role of digital logic in processing and manipulating
binary data.
6. Explain the process of moving digital information within a
digital system.
7. Discuss the methods and technologies used for storing digital
information.
8. Discuss the importance of digital operations in computing and
communication.
9. Explain the basic components of a digital computer.
10. Discuss the role of digital computers in various applications.
11. Discuss the advantages and challenges of using digital
integrated circuits.
12. Explain the functions of basic digital logic gates - NOT, OR,
and AND.
13. Define universal logic gates and explain why NOR and NAND
gates are considered universal.
14. Describe the structure and function of AND-OR-invert gates.
15. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using positive and
negative logic.
16. Discuss how digital logic contributes to the functionality of
modern electronic devices.

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TEN MARKS

1. Explain the concept of digital signals and their significance in

modern communication systems.
2. Discuss the characteristics of digital waveforms and how they are
generated in digital systems.
3. Discuss the fundamental principles of digital logic design.
4. Describe the processes involved in moving digital information
within a digital system.
5. Explain the various methods and technologies used for storing
digital information, including their advantages and limitations.
6. Explore the fundamental digital operations performed within a
computer system.
7. Discuss the architecture of digital computers, emphasizing the
role of key components.
8. Discuss the different types of digital ICs and their applications.
9. Provide a detailed explanation of the functions of basic digital
logic gates: NOT, OR, and AND.
10. Provide examples of how NOR and NAND gates can be used to
implement various logic functions.
11. Discuss the structure and function of AND-OR-invert gates,
emphasizing their role in digital circuit design.
12. Compare and contrast the advantages and disadvantages of
positive and negative logic.

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UNIT II

ONE MARKS

1. What is the Sum-of-Products (SOP) method primarily used for in

combinational logic circuits?
a. Simplifying expressions b. Generating truth tables
c. Implementing sequential logic d. Analyzing timing diagrams

2. According to Boolean algebra, what is the identity element for

the AND operation?
a. 0 b. 1
c. X (Don’t Care) d. Both a and b

3. Which Boolean theorem is expressed as A+A’B=A+B?

a. Idempotent Law b. Absorption Law
c. De Morgan’s Law d. Complement Law

4. What is the result of applying the Absorption Law to the

expression A(B + B’)?
a. A b. B
c. 1 d. 0

5. If F = AB + C’D, which Boolean law or theorem can be applied

to simplify the expression further?
a. Absorption Law b. De Morgan’s Law
c. Idempotent Law d. Complement Law

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6. What is the purpose of a Karnaugh Map (K-map) in digital

circuit design?
a. To simulate circuit behavior
b. To visualize circuit layout
c. To simplify Boolean expressions
d. To generate random numbers.

7. In a Karnaugh Map, what does a “1” represent for a specific cell?

a. The corresponding term is present in the simplified expression
b. The corresponding term is absent in the simplified.
c. The output is always 1 for that of inputs.
d. There is an error in the truth Combination table.

8. How many cells in a Karnaugh Map form a pair for grouping in

the simplification process?
a. 1 b. 2
c. 4 d. 8

9. What is the maximum number of cells that can be combined in a

Karnaugh Map simplification using the quad grouping method?
a. 1 b. 2
c. 4 d. 8

10. What is the term for a group of eight adjacent cells in a

Karnaugh Map?
a. Quartet b. Octet
c. Duo d. Single

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11. What is the purpose of using “Don’t-care” conditions in digital

circuit design?
a. To complicate the circuit
b. To simplify the circuit
c. To increase power consumption
d. To ensure fault tolerance

12. In a truth table, what does a “Don’t-care” condition indicate?

a. A condition that cannot occur
b. A condition that is not relevant to the circuit behavior
c. A condition that is critical for circuit operation.
d. A condition that always produces a “1”

13. What is the primary advantage of using “Don’t-care” conditions

in simplifying Boolean expressions?
a. It reduces the number of terms in the expression.
b. It increases the complexity of the expression.
c. It ensures that all possible conditions are covered.
d. It has no impact on simplification

14. In product-of-sums simplification, what is the result when a

term contains both “Don’t-care” conditions and “1” values?
a. The term is excluded from the simplified expression.
b. The term is included in the simplified expression.
c. The term is treated as a “Don’t-Care” condition
d. The term is treated as a “1”value.

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15. How does the inclusion of “Don’t-care” conditions affect the

size of the simplified Boolean expression?
a. It makes the expression larger.
b. It has no effect on the expression size.
c. It makes the expression smaller.
d. It makes the expression more complex.

16. What is the primary function of a 16-to-1 multiplexer?

a. Combining multiple inputs into a single output
b. Distributing a single input to multiple output
c. Performing arithmetic operations on data
d. Storing data temporarily.

17. In a 16-to-1 multiplexer, how many select lines are needed to

choose between 16 input channels?
a. 2 b. 4
c. 8 d. 16

18. What is the primary purpose of a 1-to-16 demultiplexer?

a. Combining multiple inputs into a single output
b. Distributing a single input to multiple outputs
c. Performing arithmetic operations on data
d. Storing data temporarily.

19. In a 1-to-16 demultiplexer, how many select lines are needed to

determine the output channel?
a. 2 b. 4

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c. 8 d. 16

20. What is the main function of a BCD-to-decimal decoder?

a. Combining multiple inputs operations on data into a single
output
b. Distributing a single input to multiple output
c. Converting binary-coded decimal (BCD)to decimal
representation
d. Converting decimal to binary-coded decimal (BCD)

21. How many control lines (select lines) are needed in a 16-to-1
multiplexer?
a. 2 b. 4
c. 8 d. 16

22. If each data input of a 16-to-1 multiplexer is 8 bits, what is the

size of the output?
a. 8 bits b 16 bits
c. 32 bits d. 64 bits

23. How many output channels does a 16-to-1 multiplexer have?

a. 1 b. 4
c. 8 d. 16

24. How many output channels does a 1-to-16 demultiplexer have?

a. 1 b. 4
c. 8 d. 16

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25. If a BCD-to-decimal decoder has 4 inputs, what is the maximum

decimal output value it can represent?
a. 9 b. 15
c. 99 d. 9999

26. If a BCD-to-decimal decoder converts a 4-bit BCD input, how

many output pins are needed for the decimal representation?
a. 1 b. 2
c. 4 d. 10

27. What is the output of an XOR gate when both of its inputs are
different?
a. 0 b. 1
b. X (Don’t care) d. It depends on the input states

28. In the context of parity generation, what is the purpose of using

XOR gates?
a. To add a constant value to the data
b. To ensure even parity
c. To invert the data bits
d. To perform multiplication

29. How is odd parity achieved using XOR gates?

a. The XOR of all data bits is set to 1
b. The XOR of all data bits is set to 0
c. The XOR of all data bits and the parity bit is set to1

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d. The XOR of all data bits and the parity bit is set to 0

30. In what type of binary addition is an XOR gate commonly used?

a. Unsigned addition b. Signed addition
c. Two’s complement addition d. Floating-point addition

Answers:
1. a 11. b 21. b
2. b 12. b 22. a
3. b 13. a 23. a
4. a 14. b 24. d
5. a 15. c 25. c
6. c 16. b 26. d
7. a 17. c 27. b
8. b 18. b 28. b
9. c 19. b 29. a
10. b 20. c 30. c

TWO MARKS

1. Define a combinational logic circuit.

2. State the Boolean laws that are commonly used in simplifying
Boolean expressions.
3. What is the Sum-of-products (SOP) method in combinational
logic.
4. What is a truth table, and how is it used in combinational logic

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design?
5. What is the process of mapping truth tables to Karnaugh maps.
6. What are the terms "pairs," "quads," and "octets" in the context
of Karnaugh maps.
7. How is Karnaugh map simplification performed in
combinational logic design?
8. What is 1-to-16 De- multiplexer?
9. What are "don't-care" conditions, and how are they used in
circuit simplification?
10. What is a 16-to-1 multiplexer, and how does it function?
11. Define a BCD-to-decimal decoder and its applications.
12. Define the function of a Decimal-to-BCD encoder and provide a
scenario where it might be employed.
13. What are Exclusive –OR gates?
14. What is Parity Generator?

FIVE MARKS

1. Explain the primary Boolean laws and theorems used in

simplifying logic expressions.
2. Define and explain the sum-of-products (SOP) form in Boolean
algebra.
3. Detail the process of converting a truth table to a Karnaugh map
representation.
4. Describe how pairs, quads, and octets are identified and utilized
in Karnaugh map simplification.
5. Explain the concept of "don't-care" conditions in Karnaugh map

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simplification.
6. Compare and contrast the SOP and POS forms in terms of
implementation and complexity.
7. Illustrate the internal structure and functioning of a 16-to-1
multiplexer.
8. Detail the architecture and operation of a 1-to-16 de-
multiplexer.
9. Explain the purpose and functionality of a BCD-to-decimal
decoder.
10. Describe the function and operation of a decimal-to-BCD
encoder.
11. Discuss practical applications of XOR gates in data processing
or signal manipulation.
12. Explain how parity generation is achieved using XOR gates.

TEN MARKS

1. Explain the fundamental Boolean laws (commutative,

associative, distributive, etc.) and how they apply to logic
expressions.
2. Compare and contrast the Sum-of-Products (SOP) method and
Karnaugh maps in terms of their applications and efficiency.
3. Demonstrate step-by-step the process of converting a truth table
into a Karnaugh map.
4. Discuss the significance of identifying and utilizing pairs,
quads, and octets in Karnaugh maps for logic minimization.
5. Explain the role of don't-care conditions in Karnaugh map

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simplification and how they affect the final minimized

expression.
6. Detail the internal structure, operation, and applications of both
a 16-to-1 multiplexer and a 1-to-16 de-multiplexer.
7. Explain the design and operation of a BCD-to-decimal decoder
and a Decimal-to-BCD encoder.
8. Elaborate on the functionality and truth table of exclusive-OR
(XOR) gates.
9. Discuss the advantages of combining different types of circuits
in solving real-world problems efficiently.
10. Explain the process of parity generation using XOR gates.
Discuss how parity is used for error detection in data
transmission systems, providing a real-world example.

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UNIT III

ONE MARKS:

1. What base does the binary number system use?

a. Base 8 b. Base 10
c. Base 2 d. Base 16

2. How many digits are used in the binary system?

a. 8 b 10
c. 2 d. 16

3. What is the decimal equivalent of the binary number 1101?

a. 13 b. 11
c. 14 d. 15

4. In binary, what does each digit represent?

a. Tens place b. Hundreds place
c. Ones place d. Twos place

5. What is the result of converting the decimal number 25 to

binary?
a. 11001 b. 11101
c. 10101 d. 11011

6. Which of the following is a valid binary representation?

a. 10201 b. 1102

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c. 2011 d. 1111

7. What is the decimal equivalent of the binary number 101101?

a. 45 b. 53
c. 37 d. 29

8. How many bits are in a nibble?

a. 4 b. 8
c. 16 d. 2

9. What is the result of converting the decimal number 18 to

binary?
a. 10010 b. 11010
c. 11100 d. 10110

10. Which of the following is a valid decimal representation of the

binary number 110110?
a. 27 b. 54
c. 42 d. 51

11. Which base is associated with octal numbers?

a. Base 8 b. Base 10
c. Base 2 d. Base 16

12. In the hexadecimal number system, what is the value

represented by the digit 'A'?
a. 10 b. 11

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c. 12 d. 15

13. What does ASCII stand for?

a. American Standard Code for Information Interchange
b. Alphanumeric Standard Code for Information Integration
c. Automated System Code for Information Interface
d. All Standard Code for Internal Interaction

14. Which of the following is an Excess-3 code representation of

the decimal number 7?
a. 0000 b. 0011
c. 1000 d. 1101

15. What is the decimal equivalent of the hexadecimal number 2F?

a. 47 b. 50
c. 37 d. 45

16. What is the binary representation of the decimal number 19 in

Excess-3 code?
a. 1001 b. 1010
c. 1101 d. 1110

17. Which of the following is a Gray code sequence?

a. 0101 b. 1011
c. 1111 d. 0010

18. In binary addition, what is the result of 1 + 1?

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a. 2 b. 1
c. 0 d. 10

19. What is the result of subtracting 1011 from 1101 in binary?

a. 10 b. 110
c. 100 d. 0

20. In binary subtraction, what is the result of 1001 - 0110?

a. 0011 b. 1011
c. 0101 d. 1101

21. What is the main purpose of using sign-magnitude

representation in computer arithmetic?
a. Efficient addition and subtraction
b. Efficient multiplication
c. Efficient division
d. Efficient bitwise operations

22. In sign-magnitude representation, how is the sign of a number

indicated?
a. By the leftmost bit
b. By the rightmost bit
c. By the magnitude of the number
d. By the exponent

23. What is the advantage of using 2's complement representation

over sign-magnitude representation?

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a. Simplicity in hardwareimplementation
b. Efficient multiplication
c. Easier human interpretation
d. Better precision

24. In 2's complement representation, how is the negative of a

number obtained?
a. Flipping all the bits and adding 1
b. Flipping all the bits
c. Adding 1
d. Subtracting 1

25. Which of the following statements is true about 2's complement

arithmetic?
a. It requires a separate circuit for addition and subtraction,
b. Addition and subtraction are the same operation in 2's
complement
c. Subtraction is not defined in 2's complement
d. It is only applicable to positive numbers

26. What is the advantage of using 2's complement over 1's

complement in arithmetic operations?
a. Less hardware complexity
b. Higher precision
c. Easier human interpretation
d. Better performance in multiplication.

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27. In 2's complement addition, what does an overflow indicate?

a. The sum is positive
b. The sum is negative
c. The result is too large to be represented with the given
number of bits
d. It depends on the input states with the given number of
bits.

28. How do you perform subtraction using 2's complement

arithmetic?
a. Add the two numbers normally.
b. Subtract the smaller number from the larger number
c. Subtract the larger number from the smaller number.
d. Add the numbers with the sign of the second number inverted

29. Which of the following is true about the representation of zero

in 2's complement?
a. There are multiple representations for zero
b. Zero has a unique representation
c. Zero cannot be represented in 2’s complement
d. Zero is represented as all ones.

30. What is the significance of the leftmost bit in a 2's complement

representation?
a. It represents the sign of the number
b. It is always 0

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c. It is always 1
d. It indicates the magnitude of the number.

Answers:
1. c 11. a 21. a
2. c 12. a 22. a
3. a 13. a 23. a
4. d 14. d 24. a
5. a 15. a 25. b
6. b 16. c 26. a
7. b 17. b 27. c
8. a 18. d 28. d
9. a 19. c 29. b
10. b 20. c 30. a

TWO MARKS

1. What is the basic concept of the binary number system?

2. What is binary-to-decimal conversion, and how is it performed?
3. What is the process of decimal-to-binary conversion?
4. Differentiate between octal and hexadecimal numbers.
5. How is the ASCII code used to represent characters in
computers?
6. What is the Gray code, and how is it different from binary code?
7. Define binary addition and provide a simple example.
8. What are the steps involved in binary subtraction?

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9. Differentiate between unsigned and signed binary numbers.

10. What is the significance of 2's complement representation in
binary?
11. how to perform 2's complement arithmetic for binary numbers?
12. What are the advantages of using 2's complement representation
in arithmetic circuits?
13. How does binary subtraction using 2's complement differ from
binary addition?

FIVE MARKS

1. Discuss the importance of the binary number system in

computer science and digital electronics.
2. Provide a step-by-step explanation of the binary-to-decimal
conversion process. Include an example.
3. How is decimal-to-binary conversion carried out? Illustrate with
an example.
4. Compare and contrast octal and hexadecimal number systems.
Provide examples of each.
5. Explain the ASCII code and its role in character encoding. Give
examples of ASCII representations for a few characters.
6. Describe the Excess-3 code and highlight its applications in
digital systems.
7. Discuss the unique properties and applications of the Gray code
in digital communication.
8. Detail the algorithm for binary addition and provide a
comprehensive example.

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9. Walk through the steps of binary subtraction, emphasizing the

borrow concept. Provide an example.
10. Explain the concept of sign-magnitude representation in binary
arithmetic. Provide an example.
11. Outline the significance of 2's complement representation in
binary arithmetic. Include advantages and applications.
12. Demonstrate how to perform 2's complement arithmetic for
binary numbers. Include subtraction and addition examples.
13. Explain the role of overflow in binary arithmetic and how it is
handled in 2's complement representation.

TEN MARKS

1. Explain the binary number system and its importance in digital

systems.
2. Discuss the advantages of using binary representation in
computer architecture.
3. Provide examples of binary numbers and their decimal
equivalents.
4. Elaborate on the steps involved in binary-to-decimal
conversion.
5. Provide examples of conversions between binary, octal, and
hexadecimal.
6. Explain the ASCII code and its role in character encoding.
7. Describe the Excess-3 code and its applications.
8. Provide a detailed explanation of binary addition, including
carry propagation.

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9. Provide examples of arithmetic operations with unsigned binary

numbers.
10. Explain sign-magnitude representation in binary arithmetic.
11. Explain how 2's complement arithmetic is performed.

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UNIT IV

ONE MARKS

1. What is the primary function of an Arithmetic Logic Unit

(ALU)?
a. Memory storage
b. Data transmission
c. Arithmetic and logic operations
d. Control signal generation.

2. Which arithmetic building block is responsible for both addition

and subtraction operations?
a. Adder b Subtractor
c. Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) d. Fast Adder

3. What is the primary purpose of a subtractor in arithmetic

circuits?
a. To perform addition b. To perform subtraction
c. To perform multiplication d. To perform division

4. What is a Fast Adder designed to improve in comparison to a

regular adder?
a. Speed b. Accuracy
c. Energy efficiency d. Size

5. Which of the following is NOT a type of adder design?

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a. Ripple Carry Adder b.Carry Lookahead Adder

c. Fast Subtractor d. Carry Select Adder

6. In an Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), what does the term "Logic"

refer to?
a. Mathematical operations b. Decision-making operations
c. Arithmetic operations d. Data storage operations

7. Which adder/subtractor architecture can efficiently handle both

addition and subtraction operations?
a. Parallel Adder b. Serial Adder
c. BCD Adder d. Carry Lookahead Adder

8. What is the primary advantage of a Carry Lookahead Adder over

a Ripple Carry Adder?
a. Reduced size b. Improved speed
c. Lower power consumption d. Increased accuracy

9. Which operation is NOT typically performed by an Arithmetic

Logic Unit (ALU)?
a. Multiplication b. Division
c. Comparison d. Data storage

10. What is the purpose of an Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) in a

computer system?
a. Memory management
b. Input/output operations

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c. Handling arithmetic and logic operations.

d. Control flow operations.

11. What is the result of multiplying binary numbers 1101 and 1010?
a. 11110 b. 11010
c. 10010 d. 10110

12. When dividing binary number 10110 by 11, what is the quotient?
a. 101 b. 110
b. 111 d. 100

13. What is the result of the binary division 100011 / 11?

a. 1111 b. 1101
c. 1011 d. 1001

14. In binary multiplication, what is the result when you multiply

any number by 0?
a. The Number Itself b. 0
c. 1 d. Undefined

15. What is the product of binary numbers 110 and 101?

a. 11100 b. 11000
c. 10010 d. 11110

16. What is the duty cycle of a clock waveform?

a. The time period of one complete cycle
b. The ratio of the pulse width to the period

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c. The amplitude of the waveform

d. The number of cycles per second

17. In a digital system, what is the primary purpose of a clock

signal?
a. To carry data b. To synchronize operations
c. To provide power d. To control voltage levels

18. What is the role of the rising edge of a clock signal?

a. Initiates data transmission
b. Ends data transmission
c. Marks the beginning of a new cycle
d. Indicates the end of a cycle

19. What is the frequency of a clock signal with a period of 10 ns?

a. 10 MHz b. 50 MHz
c. 100MHz d. 1GHz

20. How does a square wave clock signal differ from a sine wave
clock signal?
a. Square wave has a higher frequency
b. Square wave has a constant amplitude
c. Sine wave has a duty cycle
d. Sine wave has a higher harmonics content

21. What is the basic function of an RS flip-flop?

a. Data storage b. Clock generation

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c. Data manipulation d. Sequential logic

22. In an RS flip-flop, what is the forbidden state?

a. Both inputs set to 0
b.Both inputs set to 1
c. One input set to 0, the other set to 1
d. No forbidden state

23. What is the advantage of using a clocked RS flip-flop over an

asynchronous one?
a. Faster response time b. Simplicity in design
c. Elimination of race conditions d. Lower power consumption

24. In a D flip-flop, what is stored at the Q output on the rising edge

of the clock?
a. The current D input
b.The complement of the D input
c. The previous Q output
d. The inverted clock signals

25. What is the main advantage of using edge-triggered D flip-flops?

a. Simplicity in design b. Faster operation
c. Lower power consumption d.Greater flexibility

26. What is the primary advantage of using JK flip-flops over RS

flip-flops?

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a. Simplicity in design
b. Elimination of race conditions
c. Reduced power consumption
d. Bi-stability

27. What is the behavior of a JK flip-flop when both J and K inputs

are set to 1?
a. Toggle b.Set
c. Reset d. Hold

28. What is the purpose of the master-slave configuration in a JK

flip-flop?
a. Synchronization of inputs b. Elimination of race conditions
c. Improved stability d. Enhanced data storage

29. What is the key advantage of using a JK master-slave flip-flop?

a. Simplicity in design b. Higher clock frequency
c. Improved noise immunity d. Lower power consumption

30. In a JK master-slave flip-flop, when is the master latch enabled?

a. On the rising edge of the clock
b. On the falling edge of the clock
c. Throughout the clock cycle
d. When the clock is low

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Answers:
1. c 11. c 21. a
2. c 12. a 22. b
3. b 13. b 23. c
4. a 14. b 24. a
5. c 15. b 25. b
6. b 16. b 26. b
7. d 17. b 27. a
8. b 18. c 28. b
9. d 19. c 29. c
10. c 20. b 30. b

TWO MARKS

1. What is the basic function of an adder in digital circuits?

2. Differentiate between a half-adder and a full-adder.
3. What is the purpose of a subtractor circuit in digital systems?
4. What is the concept of a fast adder and how it improves the
speed of addition?
5. What is an Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), and what role does it
play in a computer's central processing unit (CPU)?
6. What is the process of binary multiplication.
7. How does binary division differ from binary multiplication?
8. What is the significance of the duty cycle in a clock waveform?
9. Differentiate between synchronous and asynchronous operations
in digital circuits.
10. What is the basic function of an RS flip-flop?

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11. What is the significance of edge-triggering in D flip-flops?

12. How does the falling edge-triggered JK flip-flop differ from the
rising edge-triggered one?

FIVE MARKS

1. Explain the working principle of a full-adder circuit.

2. Compare and contrast ripple carry adders with carry-lookahead
adders in terms of speed and complexity.
3. Discuss the role of an Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) in a
computer's central processing unit (CPU).
4. Explain the concept of binary multiplication. Provide a step-by-
step example of multiplying two binary numbers.
5. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of binary division
compared to binary multiplication. Provide examples to illustrate
both operations.
6. Define the term "clock waveform" in digital systems. Explain its
importance in synchronous circuits and how it aids in
synchronization.
7. Describe the key characteristics of a clock waveform, including
frequency, period, and duty cycle.
8. Explain the operation of an RS flip-flop.
9. Compare and contrast edge-triggered D flip-flops with RS flip-
flops.
10. Explain the concept of race conditions in digital circuits.
11. Describe the behavior of a JK flip-flop when both J and K inputs
are set to 0.

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12. Discuss the purpose of the master-slave configuration in a JK

flip-flop.

TEN MARKS

1. Explain the basic function of an Adder-Subtractor circuit.

2. Differentiate between a Half Adder and a Full Adder.
3. Provide examples of binary numbers and their decimal
equivalents.
4. Describe the operation of an Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) in a
computer.
5. Discuss the key steps in Binary Division. Give an example.
6. Explain the concept of clock waveforms and their role in
synchronization.
7. Differentiate between synchronous and asynchronous counters.
8. Explain the operation of an RS flip-flop. Provide its truth table.
9. Compare and contrast edge-triggered JK flip-flops with D flip-
flops.
10. Describe the operation of JK Master-Slave flip-flops. What
advantages do they offer?

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UNIT V

ONE MARKS

1. What is the primary characteristic of a Serial-In Serial-Out

(SISO) register?
a. Parallel input and parallel output
b. Serial input and parallel output
c. Parallel input and serial output
d. Serial input and serial output

2. In a Serial-In Parallel-Out (SIPO) register, data is shifted in:

a. Serially and output in parallel
b. In parallel and output serially
c. Serially and output serially
d. In parallel and output in parallel

3. Which type of register allows data to be loaded in parallel and

shifted out serially?
a. Serial-In Serial-Out (SISO)
b. Serial-In Parallel-Out (SIPO)
c. Parallel-In Serial-Out (PISO)
d. Parallel-In Parallel-Out (PIPO)

4. A Parallel-In Serial-Out (PISO) register is often used for:

a. Parallel data storage b. Serial data transmission
c. Both a and b d. Neither a nor b

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5. How is data input in a Parallel-In Parallel-Out (PIPO) register?

a. Serially b. In parallel
c. Both a and b d. Neither a nor b
6. In a Serial-In Parallel-Out (SIPO) register, what happens during
each clock cycle?
a. Data is loaded in parallel b. Data is shifted in serially
c. Both a and b d. Neither a nor b

7. Which type of register is suitable for parallel data transfer

between two systems with different clock speeds?
a. Serial-In Serial-Out (SISO)
b. Serial-In Parallel-Out (SIPO)
c. Parallel-In Serial-Out (PISO)
d. Parallel-In Parallel-Out (PIPO)

8. What is the advantage of using a Serial-In Serial-Out (SISO)

register in certain applications?
a. Simplicity in design b. Faster data transfer
c. Reduced power consumption d. All of the above

9. In a Parallel-In Serial-Out (PISO) register, how is data

outputted?
a. In parallel
b. Serially
c. Alternating between parallel
d. Both a and b sand serial

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10. Which type of register is commonly used in shift registers for

data storage and retrieval applications?
a. Serial-In Serial-Out (SISO)
b. Serial-In Parallel-Out (SIPO)
c. Parallel-In Serial-Out (PISO)
d. Parallel-In Parallel-Out (PIPO)

11. What is the primary function of computer memory?

a. Data processing
b. Storage and retrieval information
c. Power supply
d. Cooling system

12. Which of the following is an example of magnetic memory?

a. RAM (Random Access Memory)
b. ROM (Read-Only Memory)
c. Hard Disk Drive (HDD)
d. Flash Memory

13. What is the main advantage of optical memory over magnetic

memory?
a. Higher storage capacity b.Faster data access
c. Greater durability d. Lower cost

14. In a computer system, what is the purpose of a memory

address?
a. To store data temporarily memory

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b. To retrieve data from

c. To execute instructions
d. To connect external devices

15. What is the term for the smallest unit of data in computer
memory?
a. Byte b. Bit
c. Kilobyte d. Megabyte

16. Which magnetic memory type allows for both reading and
writing operations?
a. Magnetic Tape b. Magnetic Disk
c. Magnetic Bubble Memory d. Magnetic Drum

17. Which optical memory technology uses a laser to write and read
data?
a. CD-ROM b. DVD-RW
c. Blu-ray Disc d.Magnetic Optical Disc

18. What is the purpose of a memory address bus?

a. To carry data between the CPU and Memory
b. To select a specific memory location for read or write
operations
c. To execute arithmetic operations
d. To connect external peripherals

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19. What is the role of cache memory in a computer system?

a. Long-term storage of data
b. Temporary storage for frequently accessed data
c. Execution of arithmetic operations
d. Addressing specific memory locations

20. Which characteristic is a disadvantage of magnetic storage

compared to solid-state storage?
a. Higher cost b. Slower access times
c. Greater durability d. Lower storage capacity

21. What is the primary characteristic of ROM?

a. Read and write capabilities b. Volatile storage
c. Permanent storage of data d. Random access

22. How is a PROM different from a standard ROM?

a. It is not programmable using a special deviceb.
b. It can be written to once
c. It allows random access to data
d. It is used for temporary storage

23. What feature distinguishes EPROM from other types of

memory?
a. It is volatile
b. It can be electrically erased and reprogrammed
c. It is read-only
d. It is permanently fixed during manufacturing

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24. How is EEPROM different from EPROM?

a. It is not erasable
b. It can be electrically erased and reprogrammed without
removing it from the circuit
c. It is a type of RAM
d. It is used for temporary storage

25. What is the main characteristic of RAM?

a. Permanent storage of data b. Volatile storage
c. Read-only access d. Sequential access

26. Which of the following is an example of a ROM?

a. Flash Memory b. Hard Disk Drive (HDD)
c. CD-ROM d. Magnetic Tape

27. In a simple computer design, what is the function of the ALU

(Arithmetic Logic Unit)?
a. To store data permanently logical operations
b. To perform arithmetic and
c. To control input devices
d. To manage memory access
28. What is the role of the CPU (Central Processing Unit) in a
simple computer design?
a. To store data temporarily
b. To execute instructions and perform calculations
c. To control output devices
d. To provide long-term storage

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29. Which of the following is a characteristic of volatile memory?

a. Retains data even when power is off
b. Loses data when power is off
c. Has slow access time
d. Is read-only

30. What is the purpose of the control unit in a simple computer

design?
a. To perform arithmetic operations
b. To manage memory access
c. To control input devices
d. To store data permanently

Answers:
1. b 11. b 21. c
2. a 12. c 22. b
3. c 13. a 23. b
4. b 14. b 24. b
5. b 15. b 25. b
6. c 16. b 26. c
7. c 17. c 27. b
8. a 18. b 28. b
9. b 19. b 29. b
10. d 20. b 30. b

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TWO MARKS

1. Define a Serial-In Serial-Out register and provide an example of

its use.
2. What is the operation of a Serial-In Parallel-Out register with an
illustration?
3. Compare and contrast Serial-In Serial-Out and Serial-In
Parallel-Out registers.
4. What are the advantages of using a Parallel-In Serial-Out
register in data processing?
5. What is the functionality of a Parallel-In Parallel-Out register
and its application.
6. Provide a brief introduction to memory and its role in
computing systems.
7. What are the principles behind magnetic memory and its
common applications?
8. What distinguishes optical memory from other types of
memory, and where is it commonly employed?
9. Define memory addressing and its significance in computer
architecture.
10. Differentiate between ROMs, PROMs, EPROMs, and
EEPROMs in terms of their functionalities.
11. What are the primary characteristics and uses of RAMs in
computing?
12. Outline the essential components of a basic computer
architecture.
13. What are the role and significance of the CPU in a computer

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system?
14. How the control unit interacts with memory and other
components in a computer.

FIVE MARKS

1. Explain the architecture and operation of a Serial-In Serial-Out

register.
2. Detail the structure and functioning of a Serial-In Parallel-Out
register.
3. Describe the design and working principle of a Parallel-In
Serial-Out register.
4. Explain the functionalities and applications of a Parallel-In
Parallel-Out register.
5. Compare and contrast the operations and applications of SISO,
SIPO, PISO, and PIPO registers.
6. Discuss the importance of memory hierarchy in optimizing
system performance.
7. Detail the working principles and characteristics of magnetic
memory.
8. Explain the underlying technology and applications of optical
memory.
9. Illustrate the addressing schemes used in modern computing
architectures.
10. Explain the functionalities and differences between Read-Only
Memories (ROMs), Programmable ROMs (PROMs), Erasable
Programmable ROMs (EPROMs), and Electrically Erasable

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Programmable ROMs (EEPROMs).

11. Outline the fundamental components of a simple computer
architecture, including CPU, memory, and I/O devices.
12. Discuss how the design choices in registers, memory types, and
architecture affect the overall performance and efficiency of a
computer system.

TEN MARKS

1. Describe the internal structure and operation of a SISO register

in detail.
2. Explain the architecture and functioning of a SIPO register with
examples.
3. Analyze the significance of PISO registers in serial data
transmission systems.
4. Discuss the structure and operation of a PIPO register,
emphasizing its data handling capabilities.
5. Conduct a comprehensive comparative analysis of SISO, SIPO,
PISO, and PIPO registers.
6. Elaborate on the role of cache memory, primary memory
(RAM), and secondary memory (like hard drives) within this
hierarchy.
7. Compare and contrast different types of magnetic memory
technologies (e.g., magnetic tapes, magnetic disks) regarding
their storage capacities, access times, and durability.
8. Explore the underlying principles behind various optical
memory technologies (e.g., CDs, DVDs, Blu-rays).

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9. Discuss the roles and interactions of these components in

executing instructions and processing data.
10. Evaluate the performance of a simple computer design based on
the chosen registers, memory types, and architecture.
11. Design a memory organization layout considering different
memory types (e.g., RAM, ROM) and their addressing schemes.

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INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN BUSINESS

UNIT I

ONE MARKS

1. Which of the following is not a characteristic of a computer?

a. Speed b. Reliability
c. Human emotions d.Storage capacity

2. What defines the ability of a computer to store and retrieve

data?
a. Processing power b. Input devices
c. Memory capacity d. Output devices

3. Which characteristic refers to a computer's capability to execute

multiple tasks simultaneously?
a. Efficiency b. Multi-tasking
c. Speed d. Accuracy

4. Which component is primarily responsible for executing

instructions and performing calculations in a computer?
a. Monitor b. CPU (Central ProcessingUnit)
c. Keyboard d. Printer

5. The accuracy of a computer system is primarily determined by

its:
a. Processing speed b. Input devices

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c. Error-checking mechanisms d. Output devices

6. What term refers to a computer's ability to understand and

interpret human-readable data?
a. Storage b. Processing
c. Input d. Output

7. Which characteristic refers to a computer's capability to

remember previously stored information?
a. Storage b. Processing
c. Input d. Output

8. Which type of computer is known for its ability to process huge

volumes of data and complex calculations, often used in
weather forecasting and scientific research?
a. Personal computer b. Mainframe computer
c. Supercomputer d. Tablet

9. What category of computers serves as a network server,

handling numerous users and managing extensive databases?
a. Personal computer b. Mainframe computer
c. Supercomputer d. Tablet

10. Which field often employs computers for tasks such as patient
record management, diagnostic imaging, and drug research?
a. Education b. Entertainment
c. Medicine d. Business

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11. In which area are computers frequently used for tasks like
financial analysis, inventory management, and customer
relationship management?
a. Education b. Entertainment
c. Medicine d. Business

12. Which component stores data permanently even when the

computer is turned off?
a. RAM (Random Access Memory)
b. CPU (Central Processing Unit)
c. Hard drive
d. Motherboard

13. What is responsible for managing communications between the

CPU and other components?
a. RAM (Random Access Memory)
b. CPU (Central Processing Unit)
c. Hard drive
d. Motherboard

14. Which component temporarily stores data and instructions for

the CPU to access during operation?
a. RAM (Random Access Memory)
b. CPU (Central Processing Unit)
c. Hard drive
d. Motherboard

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15. What unit executes instructions provided by computer

programs by performing basic arithmetic, logic, control, and
input/output operations?
a. RAM (Random Access Memory)
b. CPU (Central Processing Unit)
c. Hard drive
d. Motherboard

16. Which part of a computer system interprets and carries out

instructions provided by software programs?
a. RAM (Random Access Memory)
b. CPU (Central Processing Unit)
c. Hard drive
d. Motherboard

17. Which of the following is an example of a pointing device?

a. Keyboard b. Monitor
c. Mouse d.Printer

18. What type of input device is used to capture and convert

handwritten or drawn images into digital format?
a. Scanner b.Stylus
c. Joystick d. Webcam

19. Which input device is commonly used for gaming and

navigation, providing control in multiple directions?

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a. Trackball b. Joystick
c. Touchpad d. Barcode Reader

20. What is the purpose of a barcode reader as an input device?

a. To capture and digitize printed text
b. To read and decode information from barcoded
labels
c. To convert voice into text
d. To scan and capture images

21. Which of the following is an example of an output device used

for producing a hard copy of documents?
a. Monitor b Printer
c. Speaker d. Plotter

22. What is the primary function of a monitor as an output device?

a. To produce printed documents
b To display visual information on a screen
c. To generate sound output
d. To scan and capture images

23. Which output device is commonly used for producing high-

quality graphical prints, such as architectural drawings?
a. Printer b Plotter
c. Speaker d Monitor

24. Which output device is responsible for converting digital

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signals into sound waves?

a. Printer b Plotter
c. Speaker d Monitor

25. Which output device is responsible for converting digital

signals into sound waves?
a. Printer b Plotter
c. Speaker d Monitor

26. What is the purpose of a microphone as a device?

a. Input b. Output
c. Both Input and Output d. Neither Input or Output

27. Which device can serve both as an input and an output device?
a. Printer b. Scanner
c. Touchscreen d. Joystick

28. A digital camera is primarily considered which type of device?

a. Input b. Output
c. Both Input and Output d. Neither Input or Output

29. What type of device is used to convert analog signals from a

microphone into digital form for processing?
a. Modem b. Scanner
c. Analog-to-Digital Converter d. Printer

30. Which device is used for capturing images of printed text and

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converting them into digital text?

a. Printer b. Scanner
c. Plotter d. Webcam

Answers:
1. c 11. d 21. b
2. c 12. c 22. b
3. b 13. d 23. b
4. b 14. a 24. c
5. c 15. b 25. c
6. d 16. b 26. a
7. a 17. c 27. c
8. c 18. b 28. a
9. b 19. b 29. c
10. c 20. b 30. b

TWO MARKS

1. Abbreviate COMPUTER and give the two principle

characteristics of a computer.
2. Define Hardware and Software.
3. Give definition for any two-hardware component.
4. What is meant by Versality?
5. What is the working of super computer?

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6. Distinguish between a mini computer and a microcomputer.

7. Differentiate between a laptop and a subnotebook.
8. List down the basic function of a computer.
9. What is so special about ergonomic keyboards?
10. Give definition for joystick and digitizer.
11. What is function of a scanner?
12. Define monitor and how does it work?
13. Give definition for PCL and postscripts.
14. How the plotter works?
15. What is meant by interlaced?
16. List down the video standards for PCs.

FIVE MARKS

1. What is the difference between an impact printer and a non-

impact printer?
2. Write briefly about Laser printer.
3. What are the characteristics of a monitor and discuss it briefly.
4. Give short notes on dot matrix, ink-jet, and thermal printer.
5. Define Scanners, Trackball, Joystick and how the scanner
works?
6. Discuss briefly about mouse and its types.
7. Describe about keyboard with neat diagram.
8. Give short notes on Central Processing Unit.
9. What computers can do and can’t do?
10. Explain briefly about the characteristics of computers.

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TEN MARKS

1. Describe in detail about the classification of digital computer

system.
2. Explain the working of CPU with neat diagram.
3. Discuss about the parts of the CPU in detail.
4. Define Input devices and discuss about Keyboard and Mouse.
5. Write in detail about the classification of monitors based on
signals.
6. Describe about the video standard in detail.
7. Explain the types of Printers in detail.

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UNIT II

ONE MARKS
1. What is the primary function of RAM in a computer?
a. Long-term storage
b. Temporary storage and quick access
c. Graphics processing
d. External data transfer

2. Which of the following is a type of volatile memory?

a. Hard Disk Drive (HDD) b. CD-ROM
c. RAM d. Flash Drive

3. What does ROM stand for in computer terms?

a. Random Output Memory b. Read-Only Memory
c. Rapid Operation Mode d. Remote Output Module

4. Which memory retains its data even when the power is turned
off?
a. RAM b. ROM
c. Cache Memory d. Virtual Memory

5. What is the purpose of the CPU cache?

a. Long-term storage
b. Temporary storage for frequently accessed data
c. Optical data reading
d. External data transfer

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6. Which of the following is an example of a magnetic storage

device?
a. USB Flash Drive b. DVD-RW
c. Hard Disk Drive (HDD) d. SSD (Solid State Drive)

7. What is the main advantage of SSD over HDD?

a. Higher storage capacity
b. Lower cost
c. Faster data access and transfer
d. Longer lifespan

8. Which optical storage medium typically stores the most data?

a. CD-ROM b. DVD-RW
c. Blu-ray Disc (BD) d. Floppy Disk

9. What is the purpose of a USB Flash Drive?

a. Long-term storage
b. Temporary storage for frequently accessed data
c. Portable data transfer
d. Optical data reading

10. Which of the following is a cloud-based storage solution?

a. External Hard Drive b. Dropbox
c. DVD-RW d. Zip Disk

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11. What is the purpose of system software?

a. To perform specific tasks for the user
b. To manage hardware resources and provide essential
services
c. To create documents and presentations
d. To connect to the internet

12. Which of the following is an example of application

software?
a. Operating System b. Microsoft Word
c. Device Drivers d. BIOS

13. What is the role of device drivers in a computer system?

a. Manage application software
b. Control peripheral devices
c. Organize file storage
d. Execute system commands

14. Which type of software is designed to protect a computer

from malicious software and security threats?
a. System software b. Application software
c. Utility software d. Security software

15. What is the purpose of utility software?

a. Word processing
b. System maintenance and optimization
c. Graphic design d. Internet browsing

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16. Which category does Adobe Photoshop belong to?

a. System software b. Application software
c. Utility software d. Security software

17. What is the primary function of firmware?

a. To control hardware devices
b. To provide a user interface
c. To create multimedia content
d. To manage system resources

18. Which of the following is an example of open-source

Software?
a. Microsoft Office b. Adobe Acrobat
c. Linux Operating System d. AutoCAD

19. What is the main purpose of network software?

a. Graphic design
b. System optimization
c. Manage communication between computers
d. Database management

20. Which type of software is designed to assist programmers in

writing code?
a. System software b. Application software
c. Development software d. Security software

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21. What is the primary function of an operating system?

a. Running applications
b. Managing hardware and software resources
c. Creating documents
d. Designing user interfaces

22. What is the role of the kernel in an operating system?

a. User interface b.Resource management
c. Application execution d. File storage

23. Which of the following is not an example of an operating

system?
a. Windows b.Linux
c. Microsoft Office d.macOS

24. What is the purpose of a file system in an operating system?

a. Managing memory b Organizing and storing data
c. Running applications d Controlling the CPU

25. Which of the following is a function of the memory

management system?
a. File organiza.tion
b. Process scheduling
c. Disk formatting
d. Allocating and deallocating memory

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26. Which programming language is known for its portability and

is often used for system-level programming?
a. Java b. C++
c. Python d. Assembly Language

27. What type of programming language is Python considered to

be?
a. Low-level language b. High-level language
c. Assembly language d. Machine language

28. Which programming paradigm is associated with the object-

oriented programming (OOP) paradigm?
a. Procedural programming
b. Functional programming
c. Object-oriented programming
d. Declarative programming

29. What is the purpose of a compiler in the context of

programming languages?
a. Executing code
b. Translating source code into machine code
c. Debugging programs
d. Managing memory allocation

30. Which programming language is commonly used for web

development and is known for its client-side scripting
capabilities?

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a. Java b. C#
c. JavaScript d. Ruby

Answers:
1. b 11. b 21. b
2. c 12. b 22. b
3. b 13. b 23. c
4. b 14. d 24. b
5. b 15. b 25. d
6. c 16. b 26. b
7. c 17. a 27. b
8. c 18. c 28. c
9. c 19. c 29. b
10. b 20. c 30. c

TWO MARKS

1. Define Registers and addresses.

2. What are the two basic types of RAM.
3. How EEPROM is different from EPROM and PROM?
4. Define flash memory.
5. Compare Random and sequential access.
6. Define Winchester Disk.
7. What is meant by Auxiliary Storage devices?
8. How the optical disk works?
9. List down any two disadvantages of magnetic tapes.
10. Define the two categories of software.

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11. What is meant by compilers and interpreters?

12. Give definition for DBMS.
13. What is the use of image processors?
14. How the OS works?
15. Write the advantage of Assembly language.
16. List down the types of high level languages.
17. How the compilation process works?
18. Define object linking and embedding.
19. Differentiate between data and information.

FIVE MARKS

1. What are optical disks and how do they work?

2. Distinguish between a random access and sequential access
devices.
3. Explain the working of magnetic tapes.
4. How the floppy disk is different from hard disk and differ it?
5. Give the advantages and disadvantages of magnetic tape.
6. Write down the importance of RAM, ROM, PROM, EPROM,
and EEPROM.
7. What are the problems with file processing and explain its
types shortly.
8. Describe about machine language, Assembly language and
natural language.
9. Discuss about the functions of operating system?
10. How the operating system classified?

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TEN MARKS

1. What is known as auxiliary memory and explain about

magnetic tapes and floppy disk?
2. What is meant by software and explain its types with neat
diagram.
3. Elucidate the high-level language and its types.
4. Describe about the five levels of languages.
5. Explain in detail about software features.
6. Explain the functions of Operating System.
7. Explain the types of Operating System.

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UNIT III

ONE MARKS

1. What is the primary purpose of a Database Management

System (DBMS)?
a. Web browsing b. Data storage and retrieval
c. Graphic design d. Word processing

2. Which of the following is not a component of a DBMS?

a. Database b. Software
c. Hardware d. Printer

3. What is the function of the Data Dictionary in a DBMS?

a. Stores data records
b. Manages database connections
c. Describes the structure of the database
d. Executes SQL queries

4. What is normalization in the context of database design?

a. Reducing redundancy and dependency
b. Increasing data redundancy
c. Deleting data records
d. Ignoring data dependencies

5. Which language is commonly used to interact with a relational

database?

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a. Java b. HTML
c. SQL d. Python

6. What is the purpose of an Index in a database?

a. Sorting records b. Speeding up data retrieval
c. Storing large files d. Creating tables

7. Which of the following is an example of a relational database

model?
a. NoSQL b. MongoDB
c. SQL Server d.Redis

8. What does ACID stand for in the context of database

transactions?
a. Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability
b. Aggregation, Compatibility, Integrity, Dependability
c. Association, Concurrency, Inheritance, Division
d. Access, Control, Isolation, Dependency

9. In a database, what does a foreign key represent?

a. A key used for encryption
b. A unique identifier for a record
c. A link between two tables
d. A primary key in another database

10. What is the role of a Transaction Manager in a DBMS?

a. Managing hardware resources

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b. Ensuring data integrity in transactions

c. Creating database reports
d. Designing database tables

11. W0hat type of DBMS is best suited for handling complex

relationships and queries?
a. Hierarchical DBMS b. Network DBMS
c. Relational DBMS d. Object-Oriented DBMS

12. Which type of DBMS organizes data in a tree-like structure

with parent-child relationships?
a. Relational DBMS b. Hierarchical DBMS
c. Object-Oriented DBMS d. NoSQL DBMS

13. In a Distributed DBMS, data is stored:

a. On a single server b. Across multiple servers
c. On a cloud-based platform d.Only in memory

14. What is the primary advantage of using an Object-Oriented

DBMS?
a. Improved security
b. Enhanced scalability
c. Efficient handling of complex data types
d. Faster transaction processing

15. Which function of a DBMS ensures that data remains accurate

and consistent even in the event of a system failure?

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a. Data Retrieval b. Data Security

c. Data Recovery d. Data Integrity

16. What role does the Query Language play in a DBMS?

a. Defines the structure of the database
b.Manages user access and permissions
c. Facilitates communication with the database
d. Encrypts data for storage

17. Which function of a DBMS involves controlling access to

data based on user permissions?
a. Data Storage b. Data Retrieval
c. Data Security d. Data Integrity

18. What is the purpose of the Backup and Recovery function in a

DBMS?
a. Sorting data for efficient retrieval
b. Preventing unauthorized access
c. Ensuring data availability after a failure
d. Creating new database instances

19. Which type of DBMS is suitable for handling unstructured

and semi-structured data?
a. Relational DBMS b. NoSQL DBMS
c. Hierarchical DBMS d. Object-Oriented DBMS

20. What is the primary function of a Data Definition Language

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(DDL) in a DBMS?
a. Manipulating data
b. Retrieving data
c. Defining database structure
d. Securing data

21. What is a LAN?

a. Local Area Network b.Longitudinal Access Node
c. Large Array Network d.Linked Application Node

22. Which of the following is a characteristic of a Wide Area

Network (WAN)?
a. Limited geographic area
b. High data transfer rates
c. Interconnects devices within a single building
d. Spans a large geographical area

23. In networking, what is the purpose of a router?

a. Connects devices within the same LAN
b.Filters and forwards data between networks
c. Manages network security
d. Provides a physical connection between computers

24. Which network topology connects all devices in a circular

fashion?
a. Bus Topology b. Star Topology
c. Ring Topology d. Mesh Topology

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25. What is the main advantage of a Star Topology?

a. Robust and fault- tolerant
b. Easy to install and manage
c. Requires less cabling
d. Provides direct communication between all devices

26. In a Mesh Topology, what is the term used to describe a

dedicated communication line between two devices?
a. Node b. Link
c. Hub d. Switch

27. Which network topology offers high fault tolerance and

redundancy but requires more cabling?
a. Bus Topology b. Ring Topology
c. Mesh Topology d. Star Topology

28. What does the term "PAN" stand for in networking?

a. Public Area Network
b.Personal Area Network
c. Private Access Node
d.Primary Authentication Network

29. In a Bus Topology, what happens if the main cable is severed

or a device fails?
a. Only the affected device is affected
b.The entire network is affected

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c. Data is automatically rerouted

d. The network becomes faster

30. What is a disadvantage of a Ring Topology?

a. Difficult to install b. High cabling cost
c. Requires a central hub d. Data collisions can occur

Answers:
1.b 11. c 21. a
2.d 12. b 22. d
3.c 13. b 23. b
4.a 14. c 24. c
5.c 15. d 25. b
6.b 16. c 26. b
7.c 17. c 27. c
8.a 18. c 28. b
9.c 19. b 29. b
10.b 20. c 30. d

TWO MARKS

1. What is data processing, and why is it essential in the realm of

information systems?
2. Define batch processing and provide an example of an
application that uses this method.
3. List three components of a typical Database Management

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System (DBMS).
4. Differentiate between data and information in the context of a
DBMS.
5. Name two types of keys commonly used in a relational
database.
6. What is the main advantage of using an Object-Oriented
Database Management System (OODBMS) over a relational
DBMS?
7. What are the two primary functions of a DBMS?
8. Define a computer network and provide an example of a
network type.
9. Differentiate between LAN (Local Area Network) and WAN
(Wide Area Network).
10. Name two common types of network topologies and briefly
describe each.

FIVE MARKS

11. Explain the stages of the data processing cycle, highlighting

the significance of each stage.
12. Compare and contrast online transaction processing (OLTP)
and online analytical processing (OLAP) in the context of data
processing.
13. Elaborate on the three-level architecture of a DBMS,
highlighting the purpose and functions of each level.
14. Discuss the ACID properties in the context of database
transactions.

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15. Compare and contrast the relational database model with the
object-oriented database model.
16. Discuss the role of a query language in a DBMS and provide
an example of a commonly used query language.
17. Explain the differences between a client-server network
architecture and a peer-to-peer network architecture.
18. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of wireless
networks compared to wired networks.
19. Compare and contrast the star topology with the mesh
topology in computer networks.
20. Describe the purpose of the OSI model in networking and
21. Briefly explain the functions of each layer.

TEN MARKS

1. Explain the concept of data governance and its role in

effective data processing. Provide examples of data
governance practices.
2. Explore the concept of normalization in the context of
database design. Provide examples and discuss the benefits of
normalization.
3. Compare and contrast the advantages and disadvantages of
centralized and distributed database systems.
4. Explain the functions of DBMS.
5. Describe the components of DBMS.
6. Explain the types of DBMS.
7. Explore the role of transactions in a database system. Discuss

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the properties of transactions and their importance in ensuring

data consistency and integrity.
8. Investigate the concept of network protocols and their role in
facilitating communication in computer networks.
9. Compare and contrast the characteristics of a bus topology
and a ring topology.
10. Discuss the security considerations associated with wireless
networks. Identify potential vulnerabilities and strategies for
securing wireless communication.

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UNIT IV

ONE MARKS

1. What does the term "ISP" stand for in the context of Internet
access?
a. Internet Service Provider b. Internet Security Protocol
c. Internet Signal Processor d. Internet Search Platform

2. Which protocol is commonly used for sending emails over the

Internet?
a. HTTP b. FTP
c. SMTP d. DNS

3. What does the acronym "IP" stand for in the context of

networking?
a. Internet Provider b. Internet Protocol
c. Information Packet d. Interconnected Platform

4. How many bits are in an IPv4 address?

a. 16 bits b. 32 bits
c. 64 bits d. 128 bits

5. What is the purpose of DNS in the context of the Internet?

a. Dynamic Network Security b.Dynamic Network Security
c. Data Networking Service d.Digital Naming Standard

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6. Which of the following is not a valid top-level domain (TLD)?

a. .com b. .net
c. .web d. .ftp

7. What is the role of NAT (Network Address Translation) in

Internet addressing?
a. Assigning private IP addresses
b. Translating public IP addresses to private IP addresses
c. Assigning domain names to IP addresses
d. Verifying the authenticity of IP addresses

8. Which version of the Internet Protocol is the most widely used

today?
a. IPV2 b. IPV4
c. IPV6 d. IPV8

9. What is the purpose of a subnet mask in IP networking?

a. To hide the IP address
b. To identify the network an host portions of an IP addres
c. To encrypt data during transmission.
d. To control access to a network.
10. What is the purpose of DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration
Protocol) in networking?
a. Encrypting data packets
b. Assigning dynamic IP addresses to devices on a network
c. Verifying the integrity of network connections
d. Managing domain name registrations.

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11. What does "IRC" stand for?

a. Internet Relay Chat
b. Internet Resource Center
c. International Relay Communication
d. Internet Radio Connection Communication

12. Which protocol is commonly used for sending and receiving

emails?
a. HTTP b. FTP
c. SMTP d. UDP

13. What is the purpose of the "CC" field in an email?

a. Carbon Copy b. Closed Caption
c. Counter Check d. Copy Count

14. Which of the following is NOT an example of an email

service provider?
a. Gmail b. Yahoo Mail
c. IRC d. Outlook

15. In IRC, what does "OP" stand for?

a. Online Presence b. Operator
c. Overpower d. Open Protocol

16. What is the purpose of the "BCC" field in an email?

a. Blind Carbon Copy Code b.Business Communication

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c. Broadcast Copy Check d.Browser Cache Control

17. Which of the following is a common use of mailing lists?

a. Sending spam emails b. Sharing recipes
c. Organizing online meetings d. All of the above

18. What is the default port for the SMTP protocol?

a. 25 b. 80
c. 110 d. 443

19. Which protocol is commonly used for retrieving emails from a

mail server to a client?
a. POP3 b. IMAP
c. SMTP d. FTP

20. In the context of email, what does "HTML" stand for?

a. HyperText Markup Language
b. High-Throughput Mail Link
c. Hidden Text Mail Log Messaging Language
d.Hyperlink and Text

21. What is the primary purpose of including a clear and concise

subject line in an email?
a. To make the email look formal
b. To grab the recipient's attention and convey the main idea
c. To confuse the recipient d. To increase the word count

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22. Which of the following is an example of an appropriate use of

CC (carbon copy) in an email?
a. Including everyone in the organization in every email
b.CC-ing your boss without a reason
c. CC-ing relevant stakeholders for transparency
d. CC in Never using emails

23. What should you do if you receive an email with confidential

information that was sent to you by mistake?
a. Share it with colleagues
b. Ignore it
c. Notify the sender and delete the email
d. Post it on social media

24. What does the term "multimedia" refer to?

a. Text-only content
b. Content that includes a combination of text, images, audio
video, and interactive elements
c. Only video content
d. Static images only

25. Which multimedia element is used to represent visual data in a

two-dimensional space?
a. Audio b. Text
c. Image d. Video

26. What is the purpose of hyperlinks in multimedia content?

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a. To slow down the navigation

b. To provide additional information
c. To confuse the user
d. To make the content static

27. Which of the following is a vector graphics editing software?

a. Photoshop b. Illustrator
c. GIMP d. CorelDRAW

28. What is the primary function of video editing software?

a. Creating vector graphics footage
b. Editing and arranging video
c. Enhancing audio quality
d. Designing web pages

29. Which tool is commonly used for creating and editing audio
files?
a. Adobe Premiere Pro b.Audacity
c. Final Cut Pro d. Blender

30. What is the purpose of a content management system (CMS)

in the context of multimedia?
a. Editing images
b. Managing and organizing multimedia content
c. Creating animations
d. Recording audio

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Answers:
1. a 11. a 21. b
2. c 12. c 22. c
3. b 13. a 23. c
4. b 14. c 24. b
5. b 15. b 25. c
6. d 16. a 26. b
7. b 17. c 27. b
8. c 18. a 28. b
9. b 19. b 29. B
10. b 20. a 30. b

TWO MARKS

1. Define Internet access.

2. Name two common methods of accessing the Internet.
3. What does IP stand for in the context of networking?
4. Differentiate between IPv4 and IPv6.
5. What is the purpose of an IP address.
6. What is the significance of domain names in internet
addressing?
7. Define the World Wide Web.
8. Name one protocol commonly used for accessing websites.
9. What is Internet Relay Chat?
10. Mention one use of IRC in the online community.
11. Expand the term "Email."
12. What is an email attachment?

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13. Define email etiquette.

14. What is multimedia?
15. Name a common graphic editing tool used in multimedia.

FIVE MARKS

1. Explain the concept of Internet access and its significance.

2. Compare and contrast broadband and dial-up as methods of
Internet access.
3. Describe the role of IP addresses in network communication.
4. Discuss the differences between TCP (Transmission Control
Protocol) and UDP (User Datagram Protocol).
5. Discuss the importance of domain names in internet
addressing.
6. Provide an overview of the World Wide Web and its
components.
7. Describe the features and functionalities of Internet Relay
Chat.
8. Explain the basic components of an email header.
9. Describe the steps involved in composing and sending an
email.
10. Discuss the importance of professional email etiquette in the
workplace.
11. Define multimedia and explain its significance in various
applications.
12. Discuss the elements that make up multimedia content.

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13. Explain the role of video editing software in

multimedia content creation.

TEN MARKS

1. Discuss the evolution of Internet access methods, from dial-up

to broadband.
2. Explain the impact of high-speed Internet access on
businesses and individuals.
3. Provide a detailed explanation of how the Internet Protocol
(IP) works in data transmission.
4. Explain the hierarchical structure of the Domain Name
System (DNS).
5. Discuss the role of Network Address Translation (NAT) in
Internet addressing.
6. Discuss the principles of web design and user experience in
the context of WWW.
7. Discuss the role of IRC in fostering online communities and
collaboration.
8. Explore the concept of mailing lists and their applications.
9. Provide a comprehensive guide to professional email etiquette
in various business scenarios.
10. Explore the interdisciplinary nature of multimedia and its
applications in education, entertainment, and business.
11. Provide an overview of multimedia authoring tools and their
role in content creation.

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UNIT V

ONE MARKS

1. What is the primary focus of Business-to-Consumer (B2C) e-

commerce?
a. Business-to-Business transactions
b. Consumer-to-Consumer transactions
c. Business-to-Consumer transactions
d. Consumer-to-Business transactions

2. Which of the following is an example of a mobile commerce

(m-commerce) transaction?
a. Online shopping through a desktop computer
b. Purchasing goods using mobile app
c. In-store cash transactions business
d. Faxing an order form to a business

3. What is the primary characteristic of Social Commerce (s-

commerce)?
a. Direct selling through social media platforms
b. Traditional brick-and-mortar store operations
c. E-commerce transactions through email
d. Phone-based transactions

4. In which type of e-commerce does a third party facilitate

transactions between buyers and sellers?

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a. Business-to-Consumer b. Consumer-to-Business
c. Consumer-to-Consumer d. Business-to-Business

5. What does the term "m-payment" refer to in e-commerce?

a. Mobile payment b.Mail payment
c. Manual payment d.Multi-payment

6. What is the main purpose of a feasibility study in the system

development life cycle?
a. To design system interfaces
b. To analyze system requirements
c. To assess the viability of a proposed system
d. To implement the system.

7. Which phase of the system development life cycle involves

defining user requirements and system specifications?
a. Implementation b. Design
c. Analysis d.Maintenance

8. What is the primary goal of system design in the system

development life cycle?
a. To identify user requirements
b. To create a detailed blueprint for the system
c. To conduct a feasibility study
d. To implement the system

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9. Which of the following is a characteristic of the

implementation phase in the system development life cycle?
a. Coding and programming
b. Defining user requirements
c. Creating system specifications
d. Conducting a feasibility study

10. What is the primary focus of the maintenance phase in the

system development life cycle?
a. Designing the system architecture
b. Identifying user requirement
c. Enhancing and supporting the implemented system
d. Conducting a feasibility study

11. What is Mobile Commerce (m-commerce)?

a. Mail-order shopping mobile device
b. Online shopping using a
c. Traditional brick-and- mortar shopping
d. Telephone-based shopping

12. In the context of E-Commerce, what does the term "B2C"

stand for?
a. Business to Customer b. Business to Competition
c. Buyer to Customer d. Banking to Commerce

13. Which industry has widely adopted mobile commerce for

services like account management and fund transfers?

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a. Retail b. Banking
c. Healthcare d.Travel and Tourism

14. What is the primary advantage of using mobile wallets in

mobile commerce transactions?
a. Lower internet speed requirements
b. Increased physical security
c. Faster checkout process
d. Enhanced screen resolution

15. Which E-Commerce application is commonly used for the

online payment of utility bills?
a. Mobile Banking b. Mobile Wallets
c. Electronic Funds Transfer d. Mobile Shopping Apps

16. How does mobile commerce benefit the insurance industry?

a. Improved claim processing b.Enhanced policy drafting
c. Reduced policy premiums d.Increased agent commissions

17. What is the term for the process of using mobile devices to
make in-store payments at the point of sale (POS)?
a. Mobile Shopping b. Mobile Banking
c. Mobile Checkout d. Mobile Point of Sale

18. In E-Commerce, what does the acronym "SSL" stand for?

a. Secure Sockets Layer b. Software System Language
c. Systematic Security Level d. Secure Shopping Link

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19. Which technology is crucial for secure mobile commerce

transactions?
a. NFC (Near Field Communication)
b. Bluetooth
c. Infrared
d. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)

20. How does E-Commerce impact the retail industry in terms of

customer reach?
a. Limited reach compared to traditional retail
b. High-Throughput Mail Link Localized customer base
c. Global reach and outreach
d. Minimal impact on customer

21. What is the primary reason for the growing popularity of e-

tailing?
a. Limited product variety b. Lower prices
c. Lack of convenience d. Slow shipping times

22. Which of the following is a potential benefit of e-tailing for

consumers?
a. Limited product information
b. Restricted shopping hours
c. Convenient access to a wide range of products
d. Higher in-store prices

23. What is a common challenge or problem associated with e-

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tailing?
a. Limited product selection prices
b. Difficulty in comparing
c. Instant gratification
d. High in-store foot traffic

24. Which online service is primarily associated with financial

transactions?
a. Online Travel Booking b.Online Learning Platforms
c. Online Shopping d. Online Banking

25. What type of services can one expect from online travel
platforms?
a. Stock trading b. Flight and hotel bookings
c. Online courses d. Grocery delivery

26. Which of the following is a common feature of online career

services?
a. Physical job fairs
b. Limited job postings
c. Personalized career assessments
d. Manual resume submissions

27. What is a significant advantage of online learning?

a. Limited course options b. Fixed class schedules
c. Flexibility in study hours d. High travel expenses
28. Which platform is known for providing Massive Open Online

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Courses (MOOCs)?
a. LinkedIn Learning b. Coursera
c. Udacity d. Khan Academy

29. Which e-commerce platform is known for its global reach and
diverse product range?
a. Snapdeal b.Amazon
c. Alibaba d. Flipkart

30. What sets Amazon apart as an online shopping platform?

a. Limited product categories
b. Slow shipping times
c. Prime membership with fast shipping
d. High prices
Answers:
1. c 11. b 21. b
2. b 12. a 22. c
3. a 13. b 23. b
4. c 14. c 24. d
5. a 15. c 25. b
6. c 16. a 26. c
7. c 17. d 27. c
8. b 18. a 28. b
9. a 19. a 29. c
10. c 20. c 30. c

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TWO MARKS

1. What is Electronic Commerce (e-commerce)?

2. List the main classifications of e-commerce.
3. Define Mobile Commerce and provide an example of its
application.
4. What is System Analysis and Design in the context of e-
commerce?
5. How does e-commerce benefit the banking industry?
6. What is the role of e-commerce in the insurance sector?
7. What is the significance of e-commerce in the payment of
utility bills?
8. What are the key features of e-tailing?
9. List three benefits of e-tailing.
10. Identify two common problems associated with e-tailing.
11. Discuss the popularity of online services in the financial
industry.
12. How has e-commerce impacted the travel industry?
13. What is the role of e-commerce in online learning?
14. Provide an overview of the features of popular online
shopping platforms like Amazon, Snapdeal, Alibaba, and
Flipkart.

FIVE MARKS

1. Explain the five main classifications of e-commerce and

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provide an example for each.

2. Discuss the phases involved in the life cycle of an e-
commerce system, highlighting the significance of each phase.
3. Describe the key components of System Analysis and Design
in the context of developing an e-commerce platform.
4. Explore the applications of Mobile Commerce in the business
landscape, citing specific examples.
5. Evaluate the impact of e-commerce on traditional brick-and-
mortar businesses, emphasizing the concept of 'Business on
the Internet.'
6. Analyze the role of e-commerce in the banking industry,
considering both advantages and potential challenges.
7. Examine the ways in which e-commerce is applied in the
insurance sector, illustrating with relevant examples.
8. Discuss the significance of e-commerce in the payment of
utility bills, highlighting the benefits for both consumers and
service providers.
9. Provide a detailed overview of e-tailing, including its
popularity, benefits, common problems, and distinctive
features.
10. Compare and contrast the e-commerce applications in the
financial, travel, and career sectors, emphasizing the unique
features of each.
11. Explore the role of e-commerce in online learning, discussing
its impact on education and the key benefits it offers.
12. Analyze the strategies employed by popular online shopping
platforms like Amazon, Snapdeal, Alibaba, and Flipkart to

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attract and retain customers.

13. Examine the challenges faced by e-commerce platforms in
ensuring the security and privacy of online transactions.
14. Discuss the ethical considerations associated with e-
commerce, particularly in the context of online services and
online learning.
15. Evaluate the future trends and developments in the field of e-
commerce, considering advancements in technology and
changing consumer behaviors.

TEN MARKS

1. Provide a comprehensive overview of Electronic Commerce,

covering its definition, historical evolution, and major drivers
of growth.
2. Examine in detail the classifications of e-commerce,
discussing the characteristics and examples of each type.
3. Elaborate on the System Analysis and Design process as it
applies to the development of an e-commerce system,
emphasizing its stages and methodologies.
4. Discuss the life cycle of an e-commerce system, breaking
down each phase and explaining the critical activities involved
in the development and maintenance of such systems.
5. Explore the evolution and current state of Mobile Commerce,
detailing its key features, advantages, and challenges. Provide
examples of successful mobile commerce applications.
6. Analyze the impact of e-commerce on traditional business

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models, especially focusing on the concept of 'Business on the

Internet' and the transformations it brings to various
industries.
7. Evaluate the role of e-commerce in the banking industry,
considering its effects on customer service, transaction
processing, and overall business strategies.
8. Examine the applications of e-commerce in the insurance
sector, paying attention to how it enhances efficiency,
customer experience, and risk management.
9. Provide an in-depth analysis of e-commerce applications in
utility bill payment.
10. Explore e-tailing as a significant aspect of e-commerce,
delving into its popularity, benefits, common problems, and
unique features that distinguish it from traditional retail.
11. Compare and contrast the role and impact of e-commerce in
the financial, travel, and career sectors, highlighting specific
examples and trends.
12. Examine the role of e-commerce in online learning, discussing
its implications for education, skill development, and the
challenges associated with virtual learning platforms.
13. Analyze the business strategies of major online shopping
platforms such as Amazon, Snapdeal, Alibaba, and Flipkart,
considering their approaches to customer acquisition,
retention, and innovation.
14. Discuss the ethical considerations associated with e-
commerce, focusing on issues such as privacy, security, and
responsible business practices.

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15. Provide an outlook on the future of e-commerce, considering

emerging technologies, potential challenges, and the evolving
landscape of online business.

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