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Physics Lab Report. POLARIZATION

The lab report investigates the polarization of light using two polarizers and examines the relationship with Malus's Law. The experiment confirmed that the intensity of transmitted light varies with the angle between polarizers, following the predicted cosine squared relationship. The results demonstrated a linear relationship between transmitted intensity and angle, validating the theoretical model of light polarization.

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ayeshanajeeb333
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Topics covered

  • optical devices,
  • intensity calculations,
  • angle rotation,
  • research findings,
  • scientific method,
  • angle measurement,
  • wave behavior,
  • scientific conclusions,
  • experimental physics,
  • light research
210 views5 pages

Physics Lab Report. POLARIZATION

The lab report investigates the polarization of light using two polarizers and examines the relationship with Malus's Law. The experiment confirmed that the intensity of transmitted light varies with the angle between polarizers, following the predicted cosine squared relationship. The results demonstrated a linear relationship between transmitted intensity and angle, validating the theoretical model of light polarization.

Uploaded by

ayeshanajeeb333
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Topics covered

  • optical devices,
  • intensity calculations,
  • angle rotation,
  • research findings,
  • scientific method,
  • angle measurement,
  • wave behavior,
  • scientific conclusions,
  • experimental physics,
  • light research

LAB REPORT

POLARIZATION OF LIGHT
AYESHA ABBASI 240401030

AYESHA JAMIL 240401009

RAIHA HAIHDER
240401023

AMARA MURAD
240401007
INTRODUCTION:
Light, viewed classically, is a transverse electromagnetic wave. Light is said to be linearly
polarized if its oscillation is confined to one direction (the direction of the oscillation of the
electric field is defined as the direction of polarization). Light may be polarized by passing it
through a sheet of commercial material called Polaroid. A sheet of Polaroid transmits only the
component of light polarized along a particular direction and absorbs the component
perpendicular to that direction.
This experiment explores the concept of light polarization and its relationship with Malus's
Law. By using two polarizers and observing the intensity of light passing through them at
different angles, we can analyze how the transmitted intensity changes. Malus's Law predicts
that the intensity of polarized light is proportional to the square of the cosine of the angle
between the polarizers.

Experimental Setup:
· Linear Track
· Light Source (Laser Light)
· Polarizer (P1 & P2)
· Rotary Motion Sensor (attached with polarizer to measure angle θ).
· Light Sensor
· A graphing tool or software to plot the observed data.

Procedure:
a. The two polarizers (P1, P2) were aligned with their transmission axes parallel to
each other (angle) on a linear track.
b. Ensure that the laser light passes through P1, P2, and reaches the light sensor.
c. The rotary motion sensor was set to θ when the axes of P1 and P2 were aligned.
d. The laser light source was turned on, and the beam was passed through the first
polarizer, which polarized the light.
e. The polarized light then passed through the second polarizer (analyzer).
f. P2 was rotated using the rotary motion sensor at 360°.
g. At each angle, the transmitted light intensity was recorded using the detector
and the graph was plotted.
h. Observe the graph of light intensity (%) (y-axis) versus angle (rad)(x-axis).

Result:
 The maximum intensity, was observed when the polarizers were aligned.
 As the angle increased, the transmitted intensity decreased, reaching a minimum at
(crossed polarizers).
 The graph of intensity vs. was a straight line, verifying Malus's Law.

Calculations:
Light follows Malus’s Law. Malus’s Law is given by:

I = I0 cos2 θ

We curve fit our graph to the equation

A cos2 (B θ + ⱷ) + C

And determine that B = 1, ⱷ = 0, and C = 0.

Conclusion:
The experiment successfully demonstrated the polarization of light and verified Malus's Law.
The observed linear relationship between transmitted intensity and supports the theoretical
model. This highlights how the orientation of polarizers affects the behavior of polarized light.

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