03.09.
2023, 11:03 about:blank
::page{title=”Linux and Bash Command Cheat Sheet: The Basics”}
Getting information
# return your user name
1. 1
1. whoami
Copied!
# return your user and group id
1. 1
1. id
Copied!
# return operating system name, username, and other info
1. 1
1. uname -a
Copied!
# display reference manual for a command
1. 1
1. man top
Copied!
# get help on a command
1. 1
1. curl --help
Copied!
# return the current date and time
1. 1
1. date
Copied!
Monitoring performance and status
# list selection of or all running processes and their PIDs
1. 1
2. 2
1. ps
2. ps -e
about:blank 1/10
03.09.2023, 11:03 about:blank
Copied!
# display resource usage
1. 1
1. top
Copied!
# list mounted file systems and usage
1. 1
1. df
Copied!
Working with files
# copy a file
1. 1
1. cp file.txt new_path/new_name.txt
Copied!
# change file name or path
1. 1
1. mv this_file.txt that_path/that_file.txt
Copied!
# remove a file verbosely
1. 1
1. rm this_old_file.txt -v
Copied!
# create an empty file, or update existing file’s timestamp
1. 1
1. touch a_new_file.txt
Copied!
# change/modify file permissions to ‘execute’ for all users
1. 1
1. chmod +x my_script.sh
Copied!
# get count of lines, words, or characters in file
1. 1
about:blank 2/10
03.09.2023, 11:03 about:blank
2. 2
3. 3
1. wc -l table_of_data.csv
2. wc -w my_essay.txt
3. wc -m some_document.txt
Copied!
# return lines matching a pattern from files matching a filename pattern - case insensitive and whole words
only
1. 1
1. grep -iw hello \*.txt
Copied!
# return file names with lines matching the pattern ‘hello’ from files matching a filename pattern
1. 1
1. grep -l hello \*.txt
Copied!
Navigating and working with directories
# list files and directories by date, newest last
1. 1
1. ls -lrt
Copied!
# find files in directory tree with suffix ‘sh’
1. 1
1. find -name '\*.sh'
Copied!
# return present working directory
1. 1
1. pwd
Copied!
# make a new directory
1. 1
1. mkdir new_folder
Copied!
# change the current directory: up one level, home, or some other path
1. 1
2. 2
about:blank 3/10
03.09.2023, 11:03 about:blank
3. 3
4. 4
5. 5
6. 6
1. cd ../
2. cd ~ or cd
3. cd another_directory
4.
5. `\# remove directory, verbosely`
6. rmdir temp_directory -v
Copied!
Printing file and string contents
# print file contents
1. 1
1. cat my_shell_script.sh
Copied!
# print file contents page-by-page
1. 1
1. more ReadMe.txt
Copied!
# print first N lines of file
1. 1
1. head -10 data_table.csv
Copied!
# print last N lines of file
1. 1
1. tail -10 data_table.csv
Copied!
# print string or variable value
1. 1
2. 2
1. echo "I am not a robot"
2. echo "I am $USERNAME"
Copied!
Compression and archiving
# archive a set of files
about:blank 4/10
03.09.2023, 11:03 about:blank
1. 1
1. tar -cvf my_archive.tar.gz file1 file2 file3
Copied!
# compress a set of files
1. 1
2. 2
1. zip my_zipped_files.zip file1 file2
2. zip my_zipped_folders.zip directory1 directory2
Copied!
# extract files from a compressed zip archive
1. 1
2. 2
1. unzip my_zipped_file.zip
2. unzip my_zipped_file.zip -d extract_to_this_direcory
Copied!
Performing network operations
# print hostname
1. 1
1. hostname
Copied!
# send packets to URL and print response
1. 1
1. ping www.google.com
Copied!
# display or configure system network interfaces
1. 1
2. 2
1. ifconfig
2. ip
Copied!
# display contents of file at a URL
1. 1
1. curl <url>
Copied!
# download file from a URL
about:blank 5/10
03.09.2023, 11:03 about:blank
1. 1
1. wget <url>
Copied!
Bash shebang
#!/bin/bash
Pipes and Filters
# chain filter commands using the pipe operator
1. 1
1. ls | sort -r
Copied!
# pipe the output of manual page for ls to head to display the first 20 lines
1. 1
1. man ls | head -20
Copied!
Shell and Environment Variables
# list all shell variables
1. 1
1. set
Copied!
# define a shell variable called my_planet and assign value Earth to it
1. 1
1. my_planet=Earth
Copied!
# display shell variable
1. 1
1. echo $my_planet
Copied!
# list all environment variables
1. 1
1. env
about:blank 6/10
03.09.2023, 11:03 about:blank
Copied!
# environment vars: define/extend variable scope to child processes
1. 1
2. 2
1. export my_planet
2. export my_galaxy='Milky Way'
Copied!
Metacharacters
# comments
# The shell will not respond to this message
# command separator
1. 1
1. echo 'here are some files and folders'; ls
Copied!
# file name expansion wildcard
1. 1
1. ls *.json
Copied!
# single character wildcard
1. 1
1. ls file_2021-06-??.json
Copied!
Quoting
# single quotes - interpret literally
1. 1
1. echo 'My home directory can be accessed by entering: echo $HOME'
Copied!
# double quotes - interpret literally, but evaluate metacharacters
1. 1
1. echo "My home directory is $HOME"
Copied!
# backslash - escape metacharacter interpretation
about:blank 7/10
03.09.2023, 11:03 about:blank
1. 1
1. echo "This dollar sign should render: \$"
Copied!
I/O Redirection
# redirect output to file
1. 1
1. echo 'Write this text to file x' > x
Copied!
# append output to file
1. 1
1. echo 'Add this line to file x' >> x
Copied!
# redirect standard error to file
1. 1
1. bad_command_1 2> error.log
Copied!
# append standard error to file
1. 1
1. bad_command_2 2>> error.log
Copied!
# redirect file contents to standard input
1. 1
1. $ tr “[a-z]” “[A-Z]” < a_text_file.txt
Copied!
# the input redirection above is equivalent to
1. 1
1. $cat a_text_file.txt | tr “[a-z]” “[A-Z]”
Copied!
Command Substitution
# capture output of a command and echo its value
1. 1
2. 2
about:blank 8/10
03.09.2023, 11:03 about:blank
1. THE_PRESENT=$(date)
2. echo "There is no time like $THE_PRESENT"
Copied!
Command line arguments
1. 1
1. ./My_Bash_Script.sh arg1 arg2 arg3
Copied!
Batch vs. concurrent modes
# run commands sequentially
1. 1
1. start=$(date); ./MyBigScript.sh ; end=$(date)
Copied!
# run commands in parallel
1. 1
1. ./ETL_chunk_one_on_these_nodes.sh & ./ETL_chunk_two_on_those_nodes.sh
Copied!
Scheduling jobs with Cron
# open crontab editor
1. 1
1. crontab -e
Copied!
# job scheduling syntax
1. 1
1. m h dom mon dow command
Copied!
minute, hour, day of month, month, day of week
* means any
# append the date/time to file every Sunday at 6:15 pm
1. 1
1. 15 18 * * 0 date >> sundays.txt
Copied!
about:blank 9/10
03.09.2023, 11:03 about:blank
# run a shell script on the first minute of the first day of each month
1. 1
1. 1 0 1 * * ./My_Shell_Script.sh
Copied!
# back up your home directory every Monday at 3 am
1. 1
1. 0 3 * * 1 tar -cvf my_backup_path\my_archive.tar.gz $HOME\
Copied!
# deploy your cron job
Close the crontab editor and save the file
# list all cron jobs
1. 1
1. crontab -l
Copied!
© Copyright IBM Corporation 2023. All rights reserved.
about:blank 10/10
