PRACTICE (CLAUSES)

TASK 1: For each of the sentences below, underline the correct option(s).
1. (In spite/Despite/Although) being only fifteen years old, he's quite mature.
2. I waited for her until six o’clock, (at which time/ by which point / seeing that) I gave up and
went back home. 3. We were really lucky, (in that / insofar as / in order that ) the hotel was
perfect and the weather stayed fine.
4. She has bought the building next door, (so as to / with a view to / in order to ) extending her
business.
5. The river broke its banks and, (consequently / due to / as a result,) the surrounding area was
flooded.
6. All recruits are to report to the sergeant-major (the minute / immediately / as soon as ) they
arrive at the barracks.
7. Jack is scared of heights. (Nevertheless / Seeing that / No matter how,) his new flat is on the
20th floor.
8. The company reduced the retail price of its products (in order that / therefore / in order to)
make them more competitive.
TASK 2: Find the errors and correct them.
1. I agree with his proposal, insofar as it will provide better facilities for young people.bỏ will

2. Notwithstanding the unions oppose this merger, discussions between the two banks will
continue. ->the reason for the decrease in crime

3. The reason for crime has decreased is that there is a more visible police presence on the
streets. ->no matter how tired he is

4. No matter he is tired, he has to prepare the children's meal as soon as he gets home. ->

5. They bought extra supplies for fear they might be snowed in. sau fear thêm that

6. Seeing as most tourists don’t speak the local language, many signs are written in English. -
>seeing as=>seeing that

7. You'll see, share prices will rise immediately the government will make the announcement. -
>bỏ will đằng trước make

8. He doesn't want to have an operation on his knee lest it doesn't leave him permanently
crippled. ->doesn’t=>might

TASK 3: Make meaningful sentences using the given phrases in case no matter seeing
with a view to at which point nevertheless
1. She made/copy/document/the original/destroyed. ->she made a copy of the document in case
the original was destroyed.

2. We will go ahead/the plan/how much/you object. ->we’ll go ahead with the plans no mattter
how much you object

3. I was surprised she decided/accept/ the offer/it will mean/drop in salary. I was surprised she
decided to accept the offer seeing that it will mean a drop in salary

4. She put/her house/the market/move/bigger premises. she moved her house near the market
with a view to having bigger premises.

5. The argument became very heated/the chairperson/call/break. The argument became very
heated when the chairperson called break
6. I have already explained/reason several times/prepared/do it/again.

TASK 4: Complete the text by putting one word in each space.

As (1) __soon_______ as he woke up, he realised it was going to be one of those days. No (2)
sooner_________ had he opened his eyes (3) _than________ he remembered he hadn't done his
maths homework. The previous evening he had had the distinct impression (4) _ that________ he
had forgotten (5) _something________ , but he hadn't quite been able to put his finger on it.
He crept out of bed so (6) _as________ not to wake his brother, and made his way downstairs. On
opening the kitchen door, he promptly stepped on the cat, (7) _which________ protested noisily.
Turning the light on, he recognised his school books, (8) _which________ were on the kitchen table
(9) where_________ he had left them. Well aware of the fact that he had to work quickly in (10)
_order________ to get to school on time, he poured himself a glass of milk and sat at the table
with a (11) view_________ to completing the task at hand as quickly as possible. Unfortunately, no
(12) matter_________ how hard he tried, he was unable to solve any of the problems, in (13)
_spite________ of the fact that it was early, a time normally conducive to clear thought. (14)
such_________ was his irritation that, on reaching for his glass of milk, he knocked it over,
drenching the homework he had completed the night before.
Realising there was nothing more to (15) _be________ done, he got dressed and set off hurriedly
for school, wondering whether the truth would be a much feebler excuse than "The dog ate it"!

TASK 5: Choose the most appropriate linking word/phrase, then use it to rewrite the
sentence.
1. As soon as John sees Helen, he gets tongue-tied. [ for/ due to / the minute]

John ____gets tongue-tired the minute_______________________________ he sees Helen.

2. The pupil was reprimanded for not handing in his homework on time. [therefore / in case /
because]

The teacher___reprimanded the pupil because he đin’t hand_______________________________ in his

homework on time.

3. She didn't buy the coat as the colour didn't suit her. [lest / due to / therefore]

She didn't buy the coat __due to___the fact that______________________________ the colour didn't
suit her.

4. It was impossible for me to find the answer. [no matter how / due to / the minute]

I couldn't find the answer __no matter how hard i _________________________________ tried.

5. Pete finds it difficult to answer easy questions, even though he can sometimes answer difficult
ones.

[ therefore / yet / in case]

Pete sometimes answers difficult questions, __yet he has_________________________________

trouble answering simple ones.

6. In spite of the bad weather, they went ahead with the outing. [due to / so / nevertheless]

The weather __was bad __;nevertheless,_______________________________ they went ahead with the
outing.
7. They cancelled the visit because very few students had signed up. [consequently / as long as /
although]

Very few students signed up _consequently, the visit__________________________________ was

cancelled.

8. He made sure he had an alibi, in case they accused him of the crime. [lest / whenever / yet]

He made sure he had an alibi __lest he was_________________________________ accused of the

crime.

TASK 6 : For each of the situations described in the pairs of sentences below, write
two new sentences as similar in meaning to the original situation as possible and
beginning with the word or words given.

1. Your idea is ingenious. It will cost too much money to implement.

Although _your idea is ingenious, it will cost too much money to
implement.____________________________________________.

Ingenious _as your idea is, it will cost too much money to
implement.____________________________________________.

2. He was reluctant to get involved. However, he did so when we asked him to.
Reluctant though he was get to involved, he did so.____________________________________________.

Notwithstanding his_reluctance to get involved.....____________________________________________.

3. He feels he should resign. He doesn't agree with policy decisions.
Due to _the fact that he doesn’t agree with policy decisions,......// _due to _his disagreement
with..., he feels...__________________________________________.
The reason why he feels he should resign that he doesn’t
agree.....___________________________________________.
4. He was very careless. He lost his job because of this.
As a result of _his carelessness, he lost his job because of
this____________________________________________.
So careless was he that lost his job___________________________________________.
5. We sympathised with them. We couldn't help them.
Whilst__we sympathised with them, we couldn’t help
them___________________________________________.
However, we sympathised with them, we couldn’t help
them____________________________________________.
6. He is right. At least he is right concerning the fact that we need to increase production.
He is right in that we need to increase production.
Insofar as__we need to increase production.he is right___________________________________________.
TASK 7: Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first
sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between
three and eight words, including the word given.
1. She was so surprised that she was speechless. HER

Such _was her surprise thatshe couldn’t say____________________________________________ a word.

2. She didn't say anything because she didn't want to embarrass her colleagues. FEAR

She kept __quiet for fear that she might _embarrash__________________________________________

her colleagues.

3. The fact that no-one was injured was extraordinary. MIRACLE

It's __a miracle_____there were ______________________________________ no casualties.

4. It was alleged that he had embezzled a large sum. MADE

He__was made out to have embezzled a large sum.

5. Residents opposed the idea of erecting a monument in the park. BE

Residents opposed the__idea that a monument should be

put___________________________________________ up in the park.

6. They can't keep staff long because the salary is low. DUE

There is a high turnover of staff due to the low________________________________________ salary.

7. He stayed late because he wanted to get through a backlog of work. VIEW

He stayed late __with a view to catching___________________________________________ up on his

work.

8. She didn't seem to care about her son's unhappiness, which troubled me. INDIFFERENCE

What_troubled me was her indifference to____________________________________________ her son's

unhappiness.

MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. "What did you think of Nancy?"
“Well, ____ I’ve met her I can see why you like her.”
a. even if b. as soon as c. the minute d. now that
2. “Anna speaks Italian really well."
“That’s hardly surprising, ____ it’s her mother
tongue."
a. seeing that b. as a result c. consequently d. nevertheless
3. "Why didn’t you tell me you’d had an
accident?" "So as ____ "
a. you not worry b. not to worry you c. to not worry you d. you don't
4. "Why didn’t you buy any bread?" worry
"It wasn’t _____ I’d got home that I remembered."
a. after b. when c. until d. the minute
5. "Any news?"
 "Not yet I’ll let you know the moment _____
anything."
a. I’d heard b. I'll hear c. I'm hearing d. I hear
6. "Is Maria going to come to the meeting?"
"I expect ____ "
a. yes b. to c. so d. too
7. "Why did the car run off the road?"
" _____ the brakes failed."
a. It will seem b. It seems how c. It should seem d. It seems that
8. “Tania’s a talented artist, isn't she?”
“Yes. But____ that, her paintings don’t sell.”
a. even so b. despite c. however d. time
9. "Didn’t Bill turn up last night?”
"No. I waited for him until 11.00, by which ____ I was furious."
a. result b. cause c. reason d. time
10. "Does Magda realize what you’ve done?"
"No. But the minute she does,____.”
a. she screams b. she'll scream c. she'd scream d. she’s screaming
11. "Haven’t you finished that book yet?"
"No. I just can’t get interested in it, no____ how hard I try."
a. matter b. difference c. order d. reason
12. "Was Professor Hill's lecture interesting?"
"I don't really know. She spoke ____ a quiet voice I couldn’t hear most of it."
a. in such b. in so c. with so d. with such
13. "It’s strange that Fred just got up and walked out."
"Yes, it is. I can’t think ____ he did it."
a. where b. that c. when d. why
14. "How do you feel after your operation?"
"I’m just ______ it’s over."
a. relieving that b. relieved that c. relieving now d. relieved
15. "Did you enjoy your trip?" why
"Yes, even ____ it rained all day."
a. although b. so c. though d. until