Science
Notes for exam
01
Animal vs Plants
What are cells?
Cells, the tiny building blocks of life, are surrounded by a membrane and
contain various structures, each with its own specific function. The
nucleus, the control center, houses DNA, the genetic blueprint.
Mitochondria, the powerhouses, convert food into energy. Ribosomes
produce proteins, essential for cellular functions. The endoplasmic
reticulum and Golgi apparatus transport and package materials.
Lysosomes break down waste. Cells are classified into prokaryotic and
eukaryotic, with the latter being more complex with a nucleus and
membrane-bound organelles. They perform vital functions like growth,
repair, energy production, reproduction, communication, and defense,
essential for all life on Earth.
Comparing animal cells with plant cells
Only Animal cells Both Animal and Plant Only Plant cells
● Many small vacuoles ● Cell membrane ● Cell wall
and vesicles ● Cytoplasm ● One central vacuole
● Centrosome and ● Mitochondria ● chloroplast
centrioles ● Endoplasmic
● Lysosome reticulum (ER)
● Only found in animals ● Golgi body
and humans ● Nucleus and
nucleolus
● Rough ER and
ribosomes
0
2
Organelles
What are organelles?
Organelles in the Plant cells
Organelles in the animal cells
03
Multicellular
Vs
Unicellular
Unicellular vs multicellular
04
Plant transport
systems
Explain the plant transport
system?
0
5
Body
systems
Skeletal System
Muscular System
Digestive System
The role of the digestive system is to break down the food that we eat into particles that are small enough to pass through the
walls of the intestines and into our blood. In this way, the nutrients in food can reach our body’s cells. A number of organs make up
the digestive system. Some organs break up the food mechanically by cutting, grinding or churning it. Other organs secrete
chemicals that can break the chemicals in the food into smaller molecules
Excretory System
Nervous System
0
5
Forces
What are forces?
A force is a push, a pull or a twist. A force
can change the speed, direction or shape of
an object. For example, when a racquet
strikes a tennis ball, it can cause the ball to
change speed and direction. It can
temporarily change the shape of the ball
too.
What are some examples of forces?
● Rolling a ball
● Riding a skateboard
● Pushing a box across the floor
What is motion?
Motion is the change of position. Motion is
relative: it is always described in relation to a
reference point. There are three laws of motion.
What are the 3 laws of
motion?
There are three laws of motion. The first law is
called the law of inertia. It states: An object at
rest will remain at rest, and an object in motion
will remain in motion with a constant velocity
unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.
What are the 3 laws of
motion?
The second law is called the law of acceleration.
It states: The acceleration of an object is directly
proportional to the net force acting on it and
inversely proportional to its mass.
What are the 3 laws of
motion?
The third law is called the law of action-reaction
pairs. It states: For every action, there is an
equal and opposite reaction.
What is Energy?
Energy is the ability to do work or cause change.
It exists in various forms, such as kinetic,
potential, thermal, electrical, chemical, and
nuclear. According to the law of conservation of
energy, energy cannot be created or destroyed;
it can only be converted from one form to
another. This fundamental principle governs
everything from the movement of atoms to the
operation of galaxies.
What is matter?
Matter is anything that has mass and occupies
space. It exists in various states, such as solid,
liquid, gas, and plasma. Matter is composed of
tiny particles called atoms, which are made up of
protons, neutrons, and electrons. Matter has
both physical and chemical properties, which
determine its behavior and interactions with
other substances.
