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Optimal Operation Multi Obj Group Search Algorithm

The paper presents a multi-objective optimization approach for managing grid-connected microgrids, focusing on minimizing operational costs and emissions while integrating demand response programs (DRP) and battery storage. It employs a multi-objective group search optimization (MOGSO) algorithm to solve the energy management system (EMS) problem, considering factors like self and cross elasticity of demand. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in optimizing microgrid operations with various renewable energy sources.

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Hmachhuana Ralte
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28 views14 pages

Optimal Operation Multi Obj Group Search Algorithm

The paper presents a multi-objective optimization approach for managing grid-connected microgrids, focusing on minimizing operational costs and emissions while integrating demand response programs (DRP) and battery storage. It employs a multi-objective group search optimization (MOGSO) algorithm to solve the energy management system (EMS) problem, considering factors like self and cross elasticity of demand. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in optimizing microgrid operations with various renewable energy sources.

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Hmachhuana Ralte
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Journal of Operation and Automation in Power Engineering APE Vol. §, No.2, Dec. 2017, Pages: 227-239 Optimal Operation Management of Grid-connected Microgrid Using Multi- Objective Group Search Optimization Algorithm H. Shayeghi’, E. Shakryari Department of Technical Engineering, University of Mohaghegh Ardabil, Ardabil, Iran Abstract- Uiilizing distributed generations (DGs) near load points has introduced the concept of microgrid. However, stochastic nature of wind and solar power generation as well as electricity load makes it necessary to ilize an energy ‘management system (EMS) to manage hourly power of microgrid and optimally supply the demand. As a result, this paper uilzes demand response program (DRP) and battery to tackle this difficulty. To do so, an incentive-based DRP hhas been uilzed and the effets of applying DRP on microgrid EMS problem have been studied. The objective functions of microgrid EMS problem include the total cost and emission. These metrics are combined in a multi-objective formulation and solved by the proposed muli-objective group search optimization (MOGSO) algorithm. After ‘obtaining Pareto fronts, the Best compromise solution is determined by using fuzzy decision making (FDM) technique Studies have been employed on atest microgrid composed of a wind turbine, photovoltaic, fuel cell, micro turbine and battery while itis connected to the upper-grid. Simulation results approve the efficiency of the proposed method in hourly operation management of microgrid components Keywords: Microgrid, Demand response program, MOGSO, Fuzzy decision making, Wind turbine NOMENCLATURE Efi) self-clasticity Abbreviations Bij) ——_erossclaticity DG Aisuibuted generation No number of DGs DRP demand response program Ns tuber of sarage systems EMS energy management system pen) penalty in th hour FDM fuzzy decision making SG( startup and shutdown costs of BGs Fe fel cll Su() startup and shutdown cost of storage G30 group seach optimization foe BP inorative based program r index of hours MOGSO multi-objective group search optimization "ena MT ‘hiro tubine Tacin) —_slocage’s discharge efieney per prive-based program 4 @)—_ itital price inj hour Pv Photovoltaic Variables SOC sate ofeharge Bd()) revenue of customer in ith hour us upporerid Cad) ——_houty price for DGs wr wind rarbine Gi) outy price of storage system power Parameters Catt) hourly exchanged power for UG 40) incentive payment in ith hour a customer demand in hour i) loadin hour Be emission in ¢* hour i) spot leticity price in hour Reeve 22M 2077 Pol hourly power of BGs Ree Pal) houty storage system power see niet ator Perf) hourly exchanged power with UG Erma hshayeghigmaicom (1. Shayeghi) s total profit of consumer Dipl objet denser: 10 2098 ape 201736591290 ttre ——_sonflf state of Gs tioas ——_onfoff tate of storage units 2017 Unversityof Mohaghegh Ardabil A rights reserved xO vector of variables H. Shayeghi, E. Shahryari: Optimal Operation Management of Grid-comnected 228 Ws) SOC of j* storage unit 1. Introduction During the recent years, growing utilization of clean ‘energy sources along with decreasing consideration of fossil fuels have motivated researchers to modify the ‘generation and transmission form of te electricity power [1}. As a result, distiauted generations are emerged by technical improvement of the renewable energy sources [2]. Hence, the electricity consumption is provided near load points and at lower voltage level by non- conventional DGs (such as FCs) along with renewable ‘ones (such as WTS and PV systems) [3]. This strategy has imtroduced microgrid as a new concept which is constructed by aggregation of loads, storage systems, renewable and non-conventional DGs while generates and distributes clecticity within a specified area near loads. Microgrids can be operated in grid-connected or stand-alone mode. During the first one, the system i able to exchange power with UG. However, during the later ‘one which is also named jslanded mode, microgrid is ‘completely separated from the utility [4], Since generated power of renewable DGs is dependent to weather ‘condition and as a result of loads variable nature, microgrids require an EMS to balance generation- ‘consumption [5]. An EMS tries to take the most advantage of DGs and it fils to supply the load if the _goneration is less than consumption, In such a situation, tiizing backup systems like battery and DRP are suggested to reduce the power mismatch [6]. The battery saves power during cheap and off-peak hours to discharge it in peak hours [7] Diverse studies have been paid attention to utilization of battery in microgrid FMS. [8], Authors of [9] have employed battery to overcome ‘uncertainties of wind power which are generated as a ‘esull of prediction error and solved EMS problem of ‘mierogrid using multi-objective optimization. However, {in [10] microgrid EMS is solved in presence of battery using distributed intelligence and multi-agent systems. In Ref, [11], battery is considered as reserve energy source and EMS is solved using point estimated method Another solution to tackle this problem and provide ‘generation-consumption balance is to decrease ‘customer's consumption during the system's shortage hours, This reserve which is provided by demand side and is able to participate in power market is called DRP [12]. As a result, various studies have been done to manage DRP in microgrids EMS. Totally, DRPS are classified into PBPs and IBPs which are formulated as price elasticity model to participate in power market [13]. However, the elasticity model is not able to model discrete Features of load and obtaining the exact price- clastic curve of demand isso difficult [14]. The utilized DRP in [15], is a price-offer package which formulates Joad curtailment of residential, commercial and industrial consumers to manage EMS of a microgrid. The same DRP is uilized by authors of [16] to manage generation uncertainty of microgrid DGs by using multi-objective ‘optimization, Considering the positive effects of DRPs, Toad reduction has a negative effect on psychology of ‘consumers especially the industrial ones. Authors of Ref [17] have considered these bad psychological effects and replaced the load reduction with load shifting in ‘ierogrid EMS. An improved DRP mode! is presented in [18] which has maximized the microgrid benefit by considering interruptible and uninterruptible toads, simultaneously, Combining both of aforementioned solutions, battery ‘and DRP, makes microgrid more reliable and has attracted lols of altention in the literature [19] Combination of load reduction and battery in microgrid are studied in [20] while considering security risks However, their simultaneous implementation is solved by authors of [21] as a multi-objective problem. Furthermore, microgrid EMS in a system containing PV, WT, DRP and battery is solved by zhao etal, (22] using multi-agent system, The abovementioned papers have considered load reduetion asa reserve energy source and have neglected Toad shifting. As a result, the effects of self and eross clasticty concepts are not considered, In addition, they have solved multi-objective microgrid EMS problem using common multi-objective optimization algorithms, However, in this paper, a multi-objective scheduling model for microgrid EMS problem solution is presented to minimize the total cost and emission of microgrid. The formulated EMS problem is solved using the proposed MOGSO algorithm while the multi-objective utilization, of GSO algorithm was not implemented before. The understudying microgrid is composed of a WT, PV, FC and MT while itis connected to the UG. As a result of uncertainties related to WT, PV and load and to cover, them, @ battery and an incentive-based DRP are considered in the operation management of microgrid Utilization of DRP has added load shifting as a reserve ‘energy source and considered the effets of selfand cross elasticity concepts which were not taken info account at the abovementioned papers. To reach this goal, load curve is divided into three intervals which has different Journal of Operation and Automation in Power Engineering, Vol. 5, No.2, Des. 2017 29 elasticity with respect to the price changes. Totally, the main contributions of this paper are summarized as bellows + Selfand eross elasticity concepts are considered in solving microgrid EMS problem, + Load shifting is considered as a reserve energy The proposed MOGSO algorithm is utilized to solve the multi-objective problem of microgrid EMS. ‘The rest of the paper is organized as follows: The mathematical formulation of objective functions along ‘with constraints are presented in Section 2. In Section 3, 4 brief introduction of multi-objective group search ‘optimization algorithm is presented. ‘The numerical ‘esulls and conclusions are presented in Seation 4 and 5, respectively. 2. Problem formulation In this section, mathematical formulation of microgrid ‘operation management is presented, Minimization of two ‘objective functions including operation cost in €et (Euro ‘cent) and pollutant emission in kg are considered in this paper. Furthermore, DRP and storage system are taken imo account as two flexible energy sources in order to ‘cover problem uncertainties, 2.4. DRP An cconamic incentive-based DRP is considered here to formulate participation of consumers in the demand response (13]. In this regard, self-elastcity is defined as, the sensitivity of load with respect to price of the same time horizon as bellow: wo However, cross-elastcity can be obtained by sensitivity of load at i hour to price of j* hour as following: poli) 2d) a ep) EWA) @ Changes in price of electricity during various time horizons may result in ane of the flowing cases: + Some of loads such as lightning cannot be twansferced to another time horizon, So, they have just seltelasticity which is always negative, ‘+ A number of loads ean be transfered from peak hours to off-peak ones. As a result, self lasticity (B/,)) and erass-clastcity (£/,)) can bbe defined for them as bellow: feeosey ies EG)20if tej ° 2.1.1. DRP with self-elasticity ‘Aconsumer modifies his load from a) t0d() according to incentive and penalty payments, Ad, = dy) @ Considering 4() in $ as the incentive payment for per kWh load reduction of consumer at #* hour, total incentive ofthe consumer for participating in DRP is: P(A) =A WIA) =A) © If the engaged consumer does not fulfill his ccommitonens, he will be faced with a penalty, Assuming ICQ) and pen() as the amaunt of commitment ati hour and the value of penalty foreach hour, respectively, total penalty value is as follow: PEN (Ad (i)) = pen @UC@)-A)-aM) 6) Furthermore, by considering B(d(@) as the revenue of consumer at hour for utilizing d() KWh of eleecity power, otal profit of consume (8) at 2 hour is S = BUA (i) dG). pl) + P(AdG)—PEN (Ad) (7) According to optimization rues, the profit is maximum vihen 25 equate ozo. So mo &__ AMA) yy, CP ePEN » u@ ae ND MO ° aBawy BE _ G44 pene BE pus. ats pent) o Assuming the profit fnctionas a quadratic finctionas bellow BUG) =B,()+ p,0 dG) d(i)-d,(i) (oy asf $O-4O} ON E@a@) By subtracting abovementioned equations, solving and substituting it at Eq, (9), we have: oT wpitat Eq, (9), H. Shayeghi, E. Shahryari: Optimal Operation Management of Grid-connected 230 Hoods pend)= 2.) ie OBO, ay 2OAW. So the loud profile of the consumers afer participation in DRP is as following d(i)= a¢ofieze p O=BO ADs ra)} «2 Pld According to (12), i the electricity price does not change and the amount of inventive and_ penalty neglected, d( wil be the same as df) 2.1.2, DRP with self and cross elasticity Based on definition of crossclastcity which was presented in Eg. (2) and by considering linearization assumptions we have: aati) Sy con anor Dag a3) ‘The following linear relationship will be established ‘between price and load: ai) d,) ; 40) EU, W=a) i =12, Ded DE GQeo-KO wd) Now, by taking into account the amount of incentive and penalty, multi-claticity formulation of DRP will be as following: ag [ol p4A@) + pent’) (1S) SEE Lewd: ma 22, Objective formulation In this part of paper, mathematical formulation for minimization of operation cost and pollution emissions for each hour of next day is presented. Here, fis the cost function in €ct and /s isthe amount of emissions in ky ‘which must be minimized simultaneous. 0 Tere + 8. bal walt DI) sFin@co+sboo-ue-vp CD + Pal OC (0) £10) = Lo Ea) tn ay +2, O£5 OP OLx 0 In these equations Py (2), Py (t) and Pry (#) ate the hourly power of DGs, storage system and exchanged power with UG, respectively. Furthermore, Cq,(), Cu) and Cop (P) are the suggested price for each hour by DGs, storage system and UG, respectively. u(t) indicates the on/ofT state of DGs and storage devices Sq and S,, are start-up and shut-down costs of DGs and storage device, respectively. However, when the specified unit is off or separated fiom the microgrid, these costs are zero, Negative value for hourly power of storage system indicates charging or selling power tothe UG. Total amount of pollution £(f) generated by cach, unit equals to summation of $02, CO2 and NOx. Totally, by assuming (2) as the vector of variables which is expressed in Fg, (18), there exits 2(No*Nss)+1 variables for each hour of next day that must be caleulated using ‘multi-objective optimization method, XC)=LPoOnFoa Ovni POMPE) vePivg OrPes Oar OtexOren (18) ogg Oils Oates Onotlng O] 23, Constraints ‘The constraints related to multi-objective microgrid EMS problem includes power balance, limitations of generated power of DGs, restrictions related to charge and discharge of storage system as well as constraints related, ta SOC of storage system. The gencration-consumption ‘constraint is formulated as bellow: Pal S. Py lO Pec) ~PgO) (9) In addition, generated power by DGs must be within their limitations He OP nin SPO Ste Pome 4 =U2Ne 20) The power exchange with UG is restricted as bellow: Posnin SP o (OS Pea ay Limitations related to slorage's rate of charge and discharge for each hour must be established as: Journal of Operation and Automation in Power Engineering, Vol, 5, No.2, Des. 2017 21 2 Hy (OP ain SPy OSM OP 20m J = Lv ae Furthermore, SOC constraint of storage system is as bellow: Wann Wy OW Gu J Dore 23) Here, Wat) is the SOC of j* storage unit which is ‘computed as following atthe end of each hour: Wy O=We na“ DR EF Py (kMawy fF Py(k)S0 P(E) Macrnse Pak) >0 LosNas (24) Ryth) Where, Msegy AD Mascogy Ae the storage’s charge and discharge elicieney, respectively, 3. Multi-objective group search optimization algorithm Multi-objective optimization methods optimize various “objective functions simultaneously. This method leads to find various optimized solutions based on dominance ‘concept which are named Pareto fronts, Assume that FAL)=E HUQ) ave the objective functions that ‘must be optimized according to various constraints Considering X_ and Xs as two feasible solutions, X, dominates X; while: Vk © {12st} Sa(X.) Sf) and He Mam} FX)

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