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Roll No : Name of School : A GIFT FROM Time - MM- 133

Date : SOMNATH SIR
Name of Assessment : G
Subject : G
Class : IX

1 Mass of a book is 500 g on surface of the earth. What will be its mass at a height 1
equal to radius of earth?

Ans :
m = 0.5 kg
At any height equal to radius of earth, it remains the same, i.e. 500 g as mass is
constant everywhere.

2 What is the relation between mass and weight of a body? 1

Ans : Weight = Mass × acceleration due to gravity.

3 What is the weight of an object at centre of earth? 1

Ans : Zero because at centre of earth g = 0.

4 Define 1 kg weight. Express it in newton. 1

Ans :
The force exerted by earth upon an object of mass 1 kg on its surface is called 1
kg weight.
In Newton, 1 kg wt = 1 kg × 9.8 m/s2 = 9.8 N.

5 State the SI unit of (a) mass (b) weight. 1

Ans : (a) kilogram (b) newton

6 Why does the weight of a body vary from poles to equator? 1

Ans : Weight of the body decreases from poles to equator.

7 What will be the weight of an object on the earth whose mass is 10 kg? [g = 10 1
ms–2]
m = 10 kg, g = 10 m/s2
Ans : W = mg = 10 × 10 = 100 N.

8 How does weight vary with the value of g? 1

Ans : W = mg. Thus weight varies in direct proportion with g.

9 A spring balance reading 15 g-wt for a mass suspended at it, is dropped. What will 1
it read during the course of its fall?
Ans : It will read zero, as it experience weightlessness during free fall.

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10 Variation of g with distance r from the centre of earth with (r > Re) is best given 1
as
(i)

(ii)

(iii) g ∝ r
(iv) g ∝ r2

Ans : (b)

11 There is no atmosphere on moon as 1

(i) it is closer to the earth.

(ii) it revolves round the earth.
(iii) it gets light from the SUN.
(iv) the gases have less requirement of velocity or energy to escape from its surface.

Ans : (d)

12 Four planets A, B, C and D made up of same material have radius of , r, 2r and 4r 1

respectively. The order of the planets in increasing order of the acceleration due to
gravity (on their surface) is

(i) A, B, C, D
(ii) B, C, D, A
(iii) A, C, B, D
(iv) D, C, B, A

Ans : (d) as g ∝

13 Acceleration due to gravity is 1

(i) dependent on mass of the planet for points outside the planet.
(ii)
dependent directly on the radius of the planets under comparison are made of same
material.
(iii)
inversely proportional to square of radius for all points on the surface of the planet.
(iv) All of these.

Ans : (a)

14 The wrong option among the following is 1

(i) gravitational force acts on the line joining the masses.

(ii) independent of the other masses.

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(iii) always attractive by nature.

(iv) does not form action-reaction pair.

Ans : (d)

15 An apple and a stone dropped from certain height accelerates 1

(i) equally
(ii) differently
(iii) depending on density
(iv) depends on the position of the SUN

Ans : (a)

16 A 60 kg man weighs W kg on the moon. W is 1

(i) 60 kg
(ii) 10 kg
(iii) 5 kg
(iv) 70 kg

Ans : (a)

17 Weight of 1 kg is 1

(i) 9.8 newton

(ii) 1 kg-wt
(iii) both (a) and (b)
(iv) either (a) or (b)

Ans : (a)

18 Acceleration due to gravity on the surface of the moon is th of its value on the 1

surface of the earth as they have different

(i) mass
(ii) density
(iii) radius
(iv) All of these

Ans : (d)

19 A body at rest having uniform acceleration is 1

(i) non-existing
(ii) can be realised only on the moon
(iii) any body thrown vertically up against gravity
(iv) possible only near the SUN

Ans : (c)
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20 Acceleration due to gravity on the surface of the earth is the greatest 1

(i) at poles
(ii) at equator
(iii) at 23.6 ° latitude
(iv) uniform at all places

Ans : (a)

21 Acceleration due to gravity varies with 1

(i) height
(ii) depth
(iii) shape of the planet
(iv) All of these

Ans : (d)

22 The value of quantity G in the law of gravitation 1

(i) depends on mass of the earth only

(ii) depends on radius of the earth only
(iii) depends on both mass and radius of the earth
(iv) is independent of mass and radius of the earth.

Ans : (d)

23 Two particles are placed at some distance. If the mass of each of the two particles is 1
doubled, keeping the distance between them unchanged, the value of gravitational
force between them will be

(i)

(ii) 4 times
(iii)

(iv) unchanged.

Ans : (b)

24 The atmosphere is held to the earth by 1

(i) gravity
(ii) wind
(iii) clouds
(iv)
earth’s magnetic field.

Ans : (a)

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25 The force of attraction between two unit point masses separated by a unit distance 1
is called
(i) gravitational potential
(ii) acceleration due to gravity
(iii) gravitational field
(iv) universal gravitational constant.

Ans : (d)

26 The weight of an object at the centre of the earth of radius R is 1

(i) zero
(ii) infinite
(iii) R times the weight at the surface of the earth
(iv) 1/R2 times the weight at surface of the earth.

Ans : (a)

27 An apple falls from a tree because of gravitational attraction between the earth and 1
apple. If F1 is the magnitude of force exerted by the earth on the apple and F2 is the
magnitude of force exerted by apple on earth, then

(i) F1 is very much greater than F2

(ii) F2 is very much greater than F1
(iii) F1 is only a little greater than F2

(iv) F1 and F2 are equal.

Ans : (d)

28 What is the difference between gravity and gravitation? 1

Gravitational pull of earth is called gravity.

Ans : Gravitation is the attractive force between any two objects in the universe.

29 State the significance of universal law of gravitation. 1

Ans :
Planetary motion around the sun, occurrence of tides etc. are phenomena which
are possible due to law of gravitation.

30 If gravitational force acts between all objects, why don’t they move towards each 1
other?
Ans :
The gravitational force is very weak, hence objects kept on a surface don’t move
towards each other.

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31 Give reasons for the following observations: 1

an object dropped from a height falls towards the earth; all planets go round the
sun.

Ans :
When dropped from height, object falls towards the earth due to gravitational
force of earth acting on object, while all planets go round the sun due to
gravitational force of sun acting on them.

32 State Newton’s law of gravitation. 1

Ans :
It states that the gravitational force exerted between any two objects of mass m1
and m2, whose centres are ‘r’ units apart, is
• directly proportional to product of masses, i.e. F ∝ m1m2
• inversely proportional to square of distance between their centres, i.e. F ∝

33 What is the force of gravity between the earth and mass of 1 kg placed on its 1
surface?

Gravitational force, F =

Mass of earth, m1 = 6 × 1024 kg,

Mass of object, m2 = 1 kg
Distance between them, r = 6 × 106 m
G = 6.67 × 10–11 Nm2/kg2.
Ans : F=

34 State the value of G. Who obtained it for the first time? 1

Ans :
G = 6.673 × 10–11 Nm2/kg2. It was obtained by Henry Cavendish (1731-1810)
with the help of a sensitive balance.

35 The value of gravitational constant G on earth is 6.67 × 10–11 Nm2/kg2. What is its 1
value on the surface of moon?
Ans : ‘G’ on moon = 6.67 × 10–11 Nm2/kg2 as it is a constant.

36 Which force is responsible for motion of moon around the earth? What would 1
happen of there was no such force?
Ans :
Motion of moon around the earth is due to centripetal force of earth. If there was
no such force, the moon would pursue a uniform straight line motion.

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37 State the name and type of force which is responsible for the formation of tides in 1
the sea.
Ans : Tides in the sea are caused due to gravitational pull of moon.

38 Why is law of gravitation called a universal law? 1

Ans :
It is called a universal law as it is applicable to all bodies, whether big or small,
whether celestial or terrestrial.

39 If gravitational force exists between every two objects in the universe, why don’t 1
you and your friend sitting together experience it?
Ans :
Gravitational force is a weak force. It exists between all objects, but it is too
weak to be experienced by small masses such as human beings.

40 Why does moon exert lesser force of attraction on objects than earth? 1

Ans :
Weight of an object on moon is the force with which moon attracts it. Mass of
moon is less than that of earth. Thus, it exerts lesser force of attraction on object
than earth.

41 How will the gravitational force of attraction between two objects change if their 1
masses are doubled?
Ans : If masses are doubled, force becomes four times as F ∝ m1m2.

42 What do you mean by free fall? 1

Ans :
When a body falls towards the centre of a celestial body under the influence of its
gravity alone, then it is said to be in free fall.

43 State the SI unit of (i) G (ii) g. 1

(i) Nm2 kg–2

Ans : (ii) ms–2

44 How does the value of ‘g’ vary with mass of the object? 1

Ans :
The value of g is independent of mass of the object instead it depends on the
mass of earth/celestial body.

45 How is Newton’s second law of motion related to universal law of gravitation? 1

Ans :

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46 A ball is dropped from a tower of height 5 m. With what velocity does it strike the 1
2
ground? [g = 10 m/s ]

Ans :

47 A stone dropped from a tree takes 2 s to reach the ground. Find its velocity on 1
striking the ground.

Ans :

48The weight of a body on the surface of the earth is 392 N. What will be the weight 3
of this body on a planet whose mass is double that of the earth and radius is four
times that of the earth?

Ans :

49The gravitational force between two objects is 100N. How should the distance 3
between these objects be changed so that the force between them becomes 50 N?

Ans :

50 Two bodies ‘P’ and ‘Q’ having masses m1 and m2, when separated by a distance d1 3
exert a force ‘F’ on each other. What happens when
(a) masses of both the objects are doubled.
(b) distance between the two bodies is reduced to half.
(c) the space between the two objects has no air and it is complete vacuum.

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Ans :
(a) When masses of both objects are doubled, F becomes 4 times, as F ∝ m1m2.
(b) When distance is reduced to half, F becomes 4 times, as F ∝

(c) The gravitational force will remain the same, however there will be no air
resistance between them.

51A stone is dropped from a height of 10 m on an unknown planet having g = 20 m/s2. 3

Calculate the speed of the stone when it hits the surface of the planet. Also calculate
the time it takes to fall through this height.

Ans :

52stone is thrown vertically upwards with a velocity of 40 m/s and is caught back. 3
Taking g = 10 m/s2, calculate the maximum height reached by the stone. What is the
net displacement and total distance covered by the stone?

Ans :

Net displacement = 0 (as the stone returns back to its initial position)
Distance = 2 × 80 = 160 m

53(i) Seema buys few grains of gold at the poles as per the instructions of one of her 3
friends. She hands over the same when she meets her at the equator. Will the friend
agree with the weight of gold bought? If not, why?
(ii) If the moon attracts the earth, why does the earth not move towards the moon?
Ans :
(i) No, as ‘g’ at poles is greater than ‘g’ at equator, weight at poles is greater than
weight at equator. Thus, Seema’s friend will not agree with weight of gold she
bought.
(ii) Acceleration due to gravity of the earth towards the moon is very less, since
its mass is much greater than that of the moon.

54 What happens to the magnitude of the force of gravitation between two objects if 3
(i) distance between the objects is tripled?
(ii) mass of both object is doubled?
(iii) mass of both objects as well as distance between them is doubled?

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Ans :

55 When is an object said to be in free fall? What is meant by acceleration due to 3

gravity? Derive an expression for acceleration for an object falling freely.
Ans :
An object falling towards another due to gravitational force is said to be in free
fall. Such an object
falls with an acceleration is called acceleration due to gravity.
By Newton’s II Law of motion, a = g
F = mg (for an object of mass m)
By Law of Gravitation,

(where M is mass of the planet and R is distance between centres of object and
planet.

56(a) What is meant by freefall? 3

(b) Two objects of masses M1 and M2 are dropped in vacuum from a height above
the surface of earth (M1 > M2). Will there be any difference in the time in which the
two respectively reach the ground? Give reason for your answer.
Ans :
(a) When a body falls towards earth’s centre under the effect of gravity alone
then a = g. This known as free fall.
(b) The two objects will reach the ground simultaneously as acceleration due to
gravity is independent of mass of falling body and there is no air resistance.

57State universal law of gravitation. The gravitational force between two objects is 3
100 N. How should the distance between the objects be changed so that the force
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between them becomes 50 N?

Ans :
Universal law of gravitation states that force of gravitation between any two
objects is directly proportional to product of their masses and inversely
proportional to square of distance between their centres.
F = 100 N
If F is halved, i.e. 50 N, the distance between objects should be increased by

58(a) Centripetal force is required for a body to move on a circular path. What 3
provides this force to the moon to move around the earth? Write an expression for it.
(b) A stone is released from the top of a tower 19.6 m high. Calculate the final
velocity just before touching the ground.
Ans :
(a) The gravitational pull of the earth provides the centripetal force to the moon
to move around it.

where Mearth = Mass of the earth, Mmoon = Mass of the moon, R = Distance
between their centres.

59 (i) Give reason for the following: 3

(a) A sheet of paper falls slower than when it is crumpled into a ball.
(b) A body weighs more at the poles than at equator.
(ii) What is meant by the statement that acceleration due to gravity is 9.8 ms–2?
Ans :
(i) (a) The sheet of paper has larger surface area and experiences greater air
resistance during free fall. So it falls slowly.
(b) Value of ‘g’ is greater at poles as compared to equator because rp < req and g
∝

(ii) It means that a freely falling body accelerates at 9.8 m/s2 towards the centre
of earth, during the course of its fall towards the earth.

60 (a) How does the gravitational force between two objects depend on the distance 3
between them ?
(b) Explain your answer with reason:
In which case the force of attraction will be larger ?
(i) Force of attraction of the earth on a body of mass 1 kg.
(ii) Force of attraction of a body of mass 1 kg on the earth.

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Ans :
(a) F varies inversely as square of distance between the bodies.
(b) The force will be equal and opposite, according to the universal law of
gravitation.

61 (a) Which is greater, the attraction of the earth for 1 kg of iron or the attraction of 1 3
kg iron for the earth? Why?
(b) A boy throws a ball vertically upwards and catches it back in 10 s. Calculate
(i) the velocity with which it was thrown up and
(ii) maximum height attained by the ball. (Take g = 10 ms–2)
Ans :
(a) The force is equal and opposite, however, acceleration produced in iron is
much higher since its mass is very less as compared to the earth.

62 A stone is dropped from the edge of a roof. 3

(a) How long does it take to fall 4.9 m?
(b) How fast does it move at the end of that fall ?
(c) What will be its acceleration after 1 second and after 2 seconds?

Ans :

63 Mona weighs 750 N on Earth. 3

(i) On the planet Mars, the force of gravity is 38% of that of Earth. How will Mona
weigh on Mars?
(ii) What will be Mona’s mass on Earth (g = 10 m/s2)?
Ans :

64 A stone is dropped from the top of a building. 3

(a) How long does it take to fall 19.6 m?
(b) How fast does it move at the end of this fall ?
(c) What is its acceleration after (i) 1s and (ii) 2 s ? (g = 10 m/s2)

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Ans :

65 Find the gravitational force of attraction between earth (M = 6 × 1024 kg) and a 3
body of mass 10 kg kept on its surface. Given (R = 6400 km).

Ans :

66 A fire cracker is fired and it rises to a height of 1000 m. Find the 3

(i) velocity by which it was released.
(ii) time taken by it to reach the highest point (take g = 9.8 m/s2)

Ans :

67 State the difference between gravitation and gravity. What would happen if 3
gravitational force of the earth vanished away?
Ans :
Gravitational pull of earth exerted on an object is called gravity while
gravitation is a universal phenomenon of attraction between two bodies present
any where. If gravitation of the earth is vanished away, all objects would float
freely in the state of weightlessness. There would be no atmoshpere and pull of
other celestial bodies would significantly act.

68 State Kepler’s laws of planetary motion. 3

Ans :
Kepler derived three law governing the planetary motion.
(a) The orbit of a planet is an ellipse with the sun at one of the foci.
(b) The line joining the planet and the sun sweeps equal areas in equal intervals
of time.
(c) The cube of mean distance of a planet from the sun is directly proportional to

square of orbital period, i.e. = constant.

69 Obtain a relation between the weight of an object on the surface of earth and that 3
on moon.

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Value of g on earth ge = 6 × ‘g’ on moon (gm)

Weight = mg (m = mass)
Weight on earth = We = mge
Weight on moon = Wm = mgm
i.e. mge = m(6gm) = 6 mgm
⇒ We = 6 Wm
Ans : Weight on earth = 6 times height on moon.

70 (a) Earth revolves around sun due to the gravity of sun. Why does the earth not 5
move towards sun?
(b) State and derive the formula for gravitational force of attraction between sun
and earth.
Ans :
(a) The earth bound to sun by gravitational force which provide it centripetal
force to revolve in circular/elliptical path (orbit) around the sun.
(b) If Me = Mass of the earth, Ms = Mass of the sun
R = Distance between their centres, then by Newton’s law of gravitation,

where G = universal gravitational constant.

71On what factors does acceleration due to gravity depend? An object weighs 600 N 5
on the earth. Find its weight on the surface of moon, given mass of the moon = 7.4 ×
1022 kg, radius of the moon = 1.74 × 106 m.
Ans :
It depends on mass of the celestial body and distance between its centre and the
centre of the object.

72 (a) A metallic bar has a mass 200 g at poles. Does it change when taken to 5
equator?
(b) Does its weight change when brought to equator? If yes, how?
(c) Where on earth will the weight be zero?
(d) What would happen if there was no acceleration due to gravity?

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Ans :
(a) No, mass remains constant everywhere.
(b) Yes weight of bar decreases at equator because value of ‘g’ is less at equator
than at poles.
(c) Weight will be zero at centre of earth.
(d) If there was no acceleration due to gravity, all objects would keep on moving
in a straight line path with uniform velocity.

73 (a) Differentiate between acceleration due to gravity and universal gravitational 5

constant. Derive a relation between ‘g’ and ‘G’.
(b) State universal law of Gravitation.
Ans :

(b) Universal law of gravitation: It states that the gravitational force exerted
between any two objects of mass ‘m1’ and ‘m2’ whose centres are ‘r’ units apart,
is
(i) directly proportional to the product of masses, i.e. F ∝ m1 m2.
(ii) inversely proportional to square of distance between their centres,

where G is the constant of proportionality called Universal Gravitational

Constant.
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