CLASS 9

NUMBER SYSTEM
BY :
Dr. P . SUDHAGAR
DAV BHEL SCHOOL
RANIPET
 NUMBER SYSTEM
Number
System
 Human beings have trying to have a count
of their belonging, goods, ornaments,
1.1 1.5
1.2
jewels, animals, trees, goats, etc. by using
1.6
techniques.
1.3 1.7

1.4 1.8
1. putting scratches on the ground
1.9

Exit
2.by storing stones-one for each
commodity kept taken out

This was the way of having a count of their

belongings without knowledge of counting
 NUMBER SYSTEM
Number
System The questions of the
1.5
1.1 type:
1.2 1.6

1.3 1.7

1.4 1.8

1.9 HOW MUCH? HOW MANY?

Exit

Need
accounting
knowledge
 The functions of learning number
system
Number
System
Are 11 functions, that to:
1.1 1.5
1.2 1.6  Illustrate the extension of system of
1.3 1.7 number from natural number to real
1.4 1.8 (rational and irrational) numbers
1.9
 Identify different types of numbers
Exit
 Express an integers as a rational number
 Express a rational number as a terminating
or non-terminating repeating decimal and
vice-versa
 The functions of learning number
system
Number
System Find rational numbers between any two
1.1 1.5 rationals
1.2 1.6 Represent a rational number on the
1.3 1.7
number line
1.4 1.8
Cites example of irrational numbers
1.9

Exit Represent 22 , 33, 44 on the number line

Find irrational numbers between any
two given numbers
 The functions of learning number
system
Number
System Round off rational and irrational
1.1 1.5 numbers to given number of decimal
1.2 1.6 places
1.3 1.7
Perform the four fundamental
1.4 1.8
operation of addition, subtraction,
1.9
multiplication, and division on real
Exit
numbers
 1.1 EXPECTED BACKGROUND
KNOWLEDGE
Number
System It is about the accounting numbers in
1.1 1.5 use on the day to day life
1.2 1.6
Accounting
1.3 1.7
numbers
1.4 1.8

1.9
Exit

Day life
 1.2 Recall of Natural Numbers, Whole
Numbers, and Integers
Number
System
Natural Numbers
1.1 1.5 1, 2, 3, …
1.2 1.6
There is no greatest natural number,
1.3 1.7
for if 1 added to any natural numbers. we
1.4 1.8
get the next higher natural number, call
1.9

Exit
its successor.
Example :
4+2=6 22-6=16

12:2=6 12×3=36
 1.2 Recall of Natural Numbers, Whole
Numbers, and Integers
Number
System
Addition and multiplication of natural
1.5
numbers again yield a natural numbers
1.1
1.2 1.6 But the subtraction and division of
1.3 1.7 two natural number may or may not yield
1.4 1.8 a natural numbers
1.9 Example:
Exit
2-6 = -4 6 : 4 = 3/2

Number line of natural numbers

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 …
 1.2 Recall of Natural Numbers, Whole
Numbers, and Integers
Number  Whole Numbers
System
1.5
The natural number were extended by
1.1
1.2
zero (0)
1.6
0, 1, 2, 3, …
1.3 1.7
There is no greatest whole numbers
1.4 1.8
The number 0 has the following
1.9 properties:
Exit a+0 = a = 0+a
a-0 = a but 0-a is not defined in whole
numbers
a×0 = 0 = 0×a
Division by 0 is not defined
 1.2 Recall of Natural Numbers, Whole
Numbers, and Integers
Number
System

1.1 1.5 The whole number in four

1.2 1.6 fundamental operation is same
1.3 1.7

1.4 1.8

1.9
The line number of whole number
Exit

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 …
 1.2 Recall of Natural Numbers, Whole
Numbers, and Integers
Number
System Integers
1.1 1.5 Another extension of numbers
1.2 1.6 which allow such subtractions. It is
1.3 1.7
begin from negative numbers until the
1.4 1.8
whole number.
1.9
Exit
The number line of integers

… -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 …
 1.2 Recall of Natural Numbers, Whole
Numbers, and Integers
Number
System Representing Integers on number line
1.1 1.5 A B C D
1.2 1.6
… -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 …
1.3 1.7

1.4 1.8
Then A = -3 C=2
1.9 B = -1 D=3
Exit A < B, D > C, B < C, C > A
The rule:
1. A > B, if A is to the right of B
2. A < B, if A is to the left of B
 1.3 Rational Number
Number
System Rational Numbers
1.1 1.5
1.2 1.6
Consider the situation, when an
1.3 1.7
integer a is divided by another non-zero
1.4 1.8
integer b. The following case arise:
1.9

Exit

1. When A multiple of B
A = MB, where M is natural number or
integer. Then, A/B =M
 1.3 Rational Number
Number
System 2. Rational number is when A is not A
1.1 1.5 multiple B. A/B is not an integer. Thus,
1.2 1.6 a number which can be put in the form
1.3 1.7 p/q, where p and q are integers and q
1.4 1.8 ≠ 0.
1.9
Example:
Exit

All Rational -2 5 6 11
Numbers
3 -8 2 7
 1.3 Rational Number
Number
System Positive and Negative Rational Number
1.1 1.5 1.p/q is said positive numbers if p and
1.2 1.6 q are both positive or both negative
1.3 1.7
integers
1.4 1.8
2.p/q is said negative if p and q are of
1.9

Exit
different sign. Example:
+ -
3 -1 -7 6
4 -5 4 -5
 1.3 Rational Number
Number
System Standard Form of a Rational Number
1.1 1.5
1.2 1.6
-p p -p p
1.3 1.7
q -q -q q
1.4 1.8

1.9

Exit We can see that

-p/q = -(p/q)
-p/-q = -(-p)/-(-q)= p/q
p/-q= (-p)/q
 1.3 Rational Number
Number
System Notes:
1.1 1.5 A rational number is standard form
1.2 1.6 is also referred to as “a rational lowest
1.3 1.7
form” . There are two terms
1.4 1.8
interchangeably
1.9

Exit
Example:
18/27 can be written 2/3 in
standard form (lowest form)
 1.3 Rational Number
Number
System
Some important
1.1 1.5 result:
1.2 1.6

1.3 1.7

1.4 1.8
1. Every natural number is a rational
1.9
number but vice-versa is not always
Exit true
2. Every whole number and integer is a
rational number but vice-versa is not
always true
 1.7 FOUR FUNDAMENTAL OPERATIONS ON
RATIONAL NUMBERS
Number
System Addition of Rational Numbers
1.1 1.5 1. Consider the addition of rational
1.2 1.6 numbers ,
1.3 1.7
+ =
1.4 1.8

1.9

Exit for example :

+ = =
1.7 FOUR FUNDAMENTAL OPERATIONS
ON RATIONAL NUMBERS
Number
System 2. Consider the two rational numbers p/q
1.1 1.5 and r/s
1.2 1.6 p/q + r/s = ps/qs + rq/sq =
1.3 1.7

1.4 1.8

1.9
for example :
Exit

¾ + 2/3 = = =
1.7 FOUR FUNDAMENTAL OPERATIONS
ON RATIONAL NUMBERS
Number
System
1.5
from the above two cases, we
1.1
1.2 1.6
generalise the following rule:
1.3 1.7

1.4 1.8
(a)The addition of two rational numbers
1.9
with common denominator is the
Exit
rational number with common
denominator and numerator as the
sum of the numerators of the two
rational numbers.
1.7 FOUR FUNDAMENTAL OPERATIONS
ON RATIONAL NUMBERS
Number
System
b)The sum of two rational numbers with
1.5
different denominator is a rational
1.1
1.2 1.6
number with the denominator equal to
1.3 1.7
the product of the denominators of
1.4 1.8
two rational numbers and the
numerator equal to sum of product of
1.9
the numerator of first rational with the
Exit
denominator of second and the product
of numerator of second rational
number and the denominator of the
first rational number.
1.7 FOUR FUNDAMENTAL OPERATIONS
ON RATIONAL NUMBERS
Number
System Examples:
1.1 1.5 Add the following rational numbers :
1.2 1.6
(i) 2/7 and 6/7
1.3 1.7

1.4 1.8
(ii) 4/17 and -3/17
1.9

Exit Solution:
(i) 2/7 + 6/7 = 8/7
(ii) 4/17 + (-3)/17 = 1/17
1.7 FOUR FUNDAMENTAL OPERATIONS
ON RATIONAL NUMBERS
Number
System
Add each of the following rational
1.5
numbers, examples:
1.1
1.2 1.6 (i) 3/4 and 1/7
1.3 1.7

1.4 1.8 Solution :

1.9
(i) we have 3/4 + 1/7
Exit
= 3x7/4x7 + 1x4/7x4
= 21/28 + 4/28 = 25/28
3/4 + 1/7 = 25/28 or 3x7+4x1 / 4x7
= 21+4/728 = 25/28
1.7 FOUR FUNDAMENTAL OPERATIONS
ON RATIONAL NUMBERS
Number
System Subtraction of Rational Numbers
1.1 1.5 (a) p/q – r/q = p-r/q
1.2 1.6

1.3 1.7 Example : 3/5 –2/12= …

1.4 1.8
3x12/5x12 – 2x5/12x5
1.9 7/4 – ¼ = … = 36/60 – 10/60
Exit 7/4 –1/4 = 7 – 1 = 26/60
4 = 13x2/30x2
= 6/4 = 2x3 = 3/2 = 13/30
2x2
1.7 FOUR FUNDAMENTAL OPERATIONS
ON RATIONAL NUMBERS
Number  Multiplication and Division of Rational
System
Numbers
1.1 1.5 (i) Multiplication of two rational number (p/q) and (r/s) ,
1.2 1.6 q ≠ 0, s ≠ 0 is the
rational number pr/qs where qs≠0
1.3 1.7
= product of numerators/product of
1.4 1.8
denominators
1.9 (ii) Division of two rational numbers p/q and r/s , such that
Exit
q ≠ 0, s ≠ 0, is the
rational number ps/qr, where qr ≠ 0
In the other words (p/q) ÷(r/s) = p/r x (s/r)
Or (First rational number) x (Reciprocal of the second rational
number)
Let us consider some examples
1.7 FOUR FUNDAMENTAL OPERATIONS
ON RATIONAL NUMBERS
Number
System
Examples :
1.1 1.5 (i) 3/7 and 2/9 (ii) 5/6 and (-2/19)
1.2 1.6

1.3 1.7 Solution :

1.4 1.8
(i) 3/7 x 2/9 = 3x2/7x9 = 3x2/7x3x3 = 2/21
1.9
(3/7)x(2/9) = 2/21
Exit

(ii) 5/6 x (-2/19) = 5x(-2)/6x19 = - 2x5/2x3x19

= -5/57
5/6 x (-2/19) = -5/57
1.7 FOUR FUNDAMENTAL OPERATIONS
ON RATIONAL NUMBERS
Number
System
1.5
(i) (3/4) ÷ (7/12)
1.1
1.2 1.6

1.3 1.7
Solution:
1.4 1.8

1.9
(i) (3/4) ÷ (7/12)
Exit = (3/4) x (12/7)
[Reciplocal of 7/12 is 12/7]

= 3x12/4x7 = 3x3x4/7x4 = 9/7

(3/4) ÷(7/12) = 9/7
 1.8 DECIMAL REPRESENTATION OF A
RATIONAL NUMBER
Number
System You are familiar with the division of an
1.1 1.5 integer by another integer and
1.2 1.6 expressing the result as a decimal
1.3 1.7 number. The process of expressing
1.4 1.8 rational number into decimal from is to
1.9 carryout the process of long division
Exit using decimal notation. Example:
Represent each one the following into a
decimal number (i) 1 2 (ii)  27 :
5 25
 1.8 DECIMAL REPRESENTATION OF A
RATIONAL NUMBER
Number
System Solution: Using long division, we get
1.5 (i) 2 . 4
1.1
1.2 1 2 ,
1.6 12
1 0 Hence , 5
= 2.4
1.3 1.7 5
2 ,0
1.4 1.8
2 ,0
1.9 x
Exit (ii)  27 (-1. 08)
 27
25
25 hence, = -1. 08
200 25

200
x
 1.8 DECIMAL REPRESENTATION OF A
RATIONAL NUMBER
Number
System
From the above example, it can be
1.5 seen that the division process stops after a
1.1
1.2 1.6 finite number of steps, when the
1.3 1.7 remainder becomes zero and the resulting
1.4 1.8 decimal number has a finite number of
1.9 decimal places. Such decimals are known
Exit as terminating decimals.
Note that in the above division, the
denominators of the rational numbers had
only 2 or 5 or both as the only prime
factor
 1.8 DECIMAL REPRESENTATION OF A
RATIONAL NUMBER
Number
System Alternatively, we could have written 12 as
5
1 2 x 2 = 24 = 2.4
1.1 1.5
5x2 10
1.2 1.6

1.3 1.7
Other examples:
1.4 1.8 2.33 Here the remainder 1 repeats.
1.9 7,00
The decimal is not a terminating
Exit 6
1,0 decimal
3
7
9 = 2.333… or 2.3
3
1,00
 1.8 DECIMAL REPRESENTATION OF A
RATIONAL NUMBER
Number 0.28571428
System 2.00 0
2
1.1 1.5 `
7
14
60 7
= 0.2
1.2 1.6 56
40
1.3 1.7

1.4 1.8
85714 35
50
Note: A bar over a digit or a
1.9 group 49 of digits implies that
10
Exit digit or
7 group of digits starts
30
28
repeating itself
20 indefinitely.
14
60
56
4
 1.8 DECIMAL REPRESENTATION OF A
RATIONAL NUMBER
Number
System Expressing decimal expansion of
1.1 1.5 rational number in p/q form
1.2 1.6 Examples: The example
1.3 1.7 above
Express 0.48 in form p/q ! illustrates that:
1.4 1.8
48 12 A terminating
1.9
100 = 25
decimal or a
Exit non-
Express 0,666in in form p/q ! terminating
Let x = 0.666 (A) recurring
10 x = 6.666 (B) decimal
(B)-(A) gives 9x = 6 or represents a
x = 2/3 rational number
 1.8 DECIMAL REPRESENTATION OF A
RATIONAL NUMBER
Number
System Note :
1.1
1.2
1.5
The non-terminating recurring
1.6

1.3 1.7
decimals like 0.374374374… are
1.4 1.8 written as 0.374.
1.9 The bar on the group of digits 374
Exit
indicate that group of digits repeats
again and again.
 1.9 RATIONAL NUMBERS BETWEEN
TWO RATIONAL NUMBERS
Number
System Is it possible to find a rational
1.1 1.5 number between two given rational
1.2 1.6 numbers. To explore this, consider the
1.3 1.7 following example.
1.4 1.8 Example : Find rational number
1.9 between 3 and 6
4 5
Exit 1 3 6
Let us try to find the number 2 ( 4 + 5 )
1 15 24 39 3 3x10 30
2 ( 20 ) = 4 0 now, 4 = 4x10 = 40
And 6 = 6x8 = 48 30 39 48
5 5x8 40 abviously, 4 0 < 40 < 40
 1.9 RATIONAL NUMBERS BETWEEN
TWO RATIONAL NUMBERS
Number
System
39 is a rational number between the
40
1.5
rational numbers 34 and 65
1.1
1.2 1.6 Note : 34 = 0.75. 39 = 0. 975 and 6 = 1.2
40 5
1.3 1.7 Than: 0.75 < 0. 975 < 1.2
1.4 1.8 This can be done by either way :
1.9 (i)reducing each of the given rational
Exit number with a common base and then
taking their average
(ii)by finding the decimal expansions of
the two given rational numbers and
then taking their average
 1.4 Equivalent Forms of a Rational
Number
Number
System
A rational number can be written in
1.5
an equivalent form by multiplying or
1.1
1.2 1.6
dividing the numerator and denominator
1.3 1.7
of the given rational number by the same
1.4 1.8
number
1.9
Example :
Exit 2/3 = 2x2 = 4/6 and 2/3 = 2x4 = 8/12
3x2 3x8
It’s mean 4/6 and 8/12 are
equivalent form of the rational number
2/3
 1.5 Rational Numbers on the Number
Line
Number
System We know how to represent intergers on
1.1 1.5 the number line. Let us try to represent
1.2 1.6 ½ on the number line. The rational
1.3 1.7 number ½ is positive and will be
1.4 1.8 represented to the right of zero. As
1.9 0<½<1, ½ lies between 0 and 1. divide
Exit the distance OA in two equal parts. This
can be done by bisecting OA at P
 1.5 Rational Numbers on the Number
Line
Number
System Let P represet ½. Similarly R, the mid-
1.1 1.5 point of OA’, represents the rational
1.2 1.6 number -½.
1.3 1.7
A R 0 P A
1.4 1.8
… -2 -1 -1/2 0 1/2 1 2 3 …
1.9
4
Exit Similarly , can be represented on the
3
number line as below:
B’ A’ O A P B C
… -2 -1 0 1 2 3 …
4/3
As 1 < 4/3 < 2 therefore, 4/3 between 1 and 2
 1.6 COMPARISON OF RATION NUMBER
Number
System
In order to compare to rational
1.5
number, we follow any of the following
1.1
1.2 1.6
methods:
1.3 1.7 (i)If two rational numbers, to be compare
1.4 1.8 have the same denominator compare
1.9
their numerators. The number having
Exit
the greater numerator is the greater
rational number. Thus for the two
rational numbers 175 and 179 , with the
same positive denominator.
9 5 9 5
17,
17

17
as 9>5. so, 1 7 1 7

 1.6 COMPARISON OF RATION NUMBER
Number
System (ii) If two rational number are having
1.1 1.5 different denominator, make ther
1.2 1.6 denominator equal by taking their
1.3 1.7 equivalent form and then compare the
1.4 1.8 numerator of the resulting rational
1.9 numbers. The number having a greater
Exit numerator is greater rational number.
For example, to compare two rational
3 6
numbers 7 and 1 1 , we first make their
denominator same in the following manner:
 1.6 COMPARISON OF RATION NUMBER
Number
System
3x11 33 9 x 7  4 2 42 33 6 3

1.1 1.5  As 42>33,  or
7 x11 77 1 1 x 7 7 7 77 77 11 7
1.2 1.6

1.3 1.7

1.4 1.8
(iii) By plotting two given rational
1.9
numbers on the number line we see
Exit that rational number to the right of
the other rational number is greater.
 1.6 COMPARISON OF RATION NUMBER
Number
System For example, take 23 and 34 , we plot
1.1 1.5 these number on the number line as
1.2 1.6 below:
1.3 1.7

1.4 1.8

1.9

Exit -2 -1 0 1 2 3
 1.6 COMPARISON OF RATION NUMBER
Number
System
1.5
0<⅔<1 and 0< ¾<1. it means ⅔ and ¾
1.1
1.2 1.6 both lie between 0 and 1. by the
1.3 1.7 method of diving a line Into equal
1.4 1.8 number of parts, A represent ⅔ and B
1.9 represent ¾
Exit

As B is to the right of A, ¾>⅔ or ⅔<¾

So, out of ⅔ and ¾, ¾ is greter number.
 Thank’s for your attention
Number
System

1.1 1.5
1.2 1.6

1.3 1.7

1.4 1.8

1.9
Exit