PROJECT PROPOSAL ON
LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
PRESENTED BY
FRANCESS ISOWAMWEN OMOROGBE(Group Leader)
LURO FETUS
JERO ISEOLUWA
ADEYOGBE BRIDGET
OKOEGUALE EMMANU
DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE AND LABORATORY
EDO STATE POLYTECHNC, USEN
COURE CODE: STC 113
24TH JANUARY 2025
INTRODUCTION
Laboratory diagnosis of infectious diseases plays a
crucial role in identifying pathogens, guiding
treatment, and controlling the spread of infection. It
involve a range of diagnostic technique that detect
microorganisms ( such as bacterial, viruses, fungi and
parasite) or their components in patient samples.
Pathogens
Accurately and timely diagnosis enables healthcare
providers to prescribe appropriate therapies, improve
patient outcomes, and prevent the transmission of
infectious agents within communities. The laboratory
methods used in the diagnosis of infectious diseases
can be broadly classified into microbiological,
serological, and molecular techniques.
AIMS AND OBJECTIIVE
The aims and objectives for laboratory diagnosis of infectious diseases are integrated to ensure
accurate identification, effective management, and control of infections. The main aim is to provide
accurate, timely, and reliable diagnostic information to guide clinical decisions, monitor disease
progression, and support public health measures. Key objectives to achieve this aim include:
Accurate identification of pathogens (bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites) through various
techniques such as culture, microscopy, molecular diagnostics (PCR), and serological methods.
Timely diagnosis to allow for prompt treatment initiation, which is essential for improving patient
outcomes and preventing the spread of infections.
Detection of antimicrobial resistance to inform appropriate therapy and minimize the spread of
resistant strains.
Surveillance of infectious diseases for epidemiological monitoring, outbreak detection, and
response, ensuring effective public health interventions.
Assessment of disease severity through diagnostic tests, enabling clinicians to determine the most
appropriate course of action for patient care.
MATERIALS AND METHOD
Materials
1. Culture media: Agar plates, broth, or other specialized media to grow and
isolate microorganisms.
2. Microbiological stains: Gram stain, acid-fast stain, or other specialized stains
to visualize microorganisms.
3. Antibodies and antigens: Used in serological tests to detect antibodies or
antigens in patient samples.
4. Molecular biology reagents: PCR primers, probes, and other reagents for
molecular diagnostic tests.
5. Antimicrobial agents: Antibiotics, antivirals, antifungals, or antiparasitics used
to treat infectious diseases.
Method
1. Microbiological culture: Growing microorganisms in culture media to isolate and
identify pathogens.
2. Serological tests: Detecting antibodies or antigens in patient samples to diagnose
infectious diseases.
3. Molecular diagnostic tests: Using PCR, sequencing, or other molecular
techniques to detect and identify pathogens.
4. Imaging studies: Using X-rays, CT scans, or MRI scans to visualize infections
and guide treatment.
5. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing: Determining the effectiveness of
antimicrobial agents against specific pathogens.
6. Vaccination: Administering vaccines to prevent infectious diseases.
7. Supportive care: Providing fluids, oxygen therapy, or pain management to
alleviate symptoms and support recovery.
EXPERIMENT
• In Vitro Comparison of Antibiotic Efficacy Against Bacteria Causing
• Infectious Diseases
• Objective
• To investigate the effectiveness of different antibiotics against specific bacteria causing
infectious diseases.
Materials
• Bacterial cultures (e.g., E. coli, S. aureus
• Antibiotics (e.g., ampicillin, tetracycline)
• Agar plates
• Incubator
• Microscope
• Pipettes
Procedure
Prepare bacterial cultures and antibiotic solutions.
Inoculate agar plates with bacterial cultures,
Apply antibiotic discs or solutions to the agar plates.
Incubate the plates at 37°C for 24 hours.
Measure the zone of inhibition around each antibiotic disc.
Compare the efficacy of different antibiotics against specific bacteria.
CONCLUSION
The accurate and timely diagnosis of infectious diseases remains crucial
for effective treatment and public health management. Advancements in
diagnostic technologies, such as molecular techniques like PCR and
advanced imaging, have revolutionized our ability to identify pathogens
quickly and accurately. These advancements, coupled with the
development of novel antimicrobial agents and vaccines, have
significantly improved patient outcomes and reduced the global burden
of infectious diseases.
Reference
• Guide to Utilization of the Microbiology Laboratory for Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases:
2018 Update: This update was created by the IDSA and ASM. ®
• Guide to Utilization of the Microbiology Laboratory for Diagnosis of Infectious
Diseases: 2024 Update: This update was created by the IDSA and ASM. ®
• Laboratory Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases:
This chapter is from Essentials of Diagnostic Microbiology and was written by Engelkirk
and Duben-Angelkirk in 2008. 8
• Laboratory Methods for Detection of Infectious Agents and Serological: This article was
published in Front. Public Health in 2021. 0
• New Technologies for the Diagnosis of Infection: This article was published in
Diagnostic Pathology of Infectious Disease in 2018. 0
