BIOMOLECULES 83

EXERCISE – 1: Basic Objective Questions

Carbohydrates
1. A disaccharide on hydrolysis gives 10. D-Glucose exists in x different forms. The value of x
(a) Two molecules of the same monosaccharide (stereoisomer) is
(b) One molecule each of two different (a) 2 (b) 3
monosaccharides (c) 4 (d) 5
(c) Three molecules of the same monosaccharide 11. Molisch test is answered by
(d) Two molecules of the same or one molecule each (a) All carbohydrates (b) Sucrose
of the two different monosaccharides. (c) Fructose (d) Glucose
2. What is the structure of L-Glucose? 12. Glucose and mannose are
(a) Optical isomers (b) Anomers
(c) Epimers (d) Chain isomers
13. When amylases catalyse the hydrolysis of starch, the
final product obtained is chiefly
(a) Cellubiose (b) Glucose
(a) (b) (c) Maltose (d) Sucrose
14. Which L-sugar on oxidation gives an optically active
dibasic acid (2 COOH groups)?

(c) (d) None of these

3. Which of the following is a non-reducing sugar?
(a) Sucrose (b) Maltose (a) (b)
(c) Lactose (d) Ribose
4. The commonest disaccharide has the molecular formula
(a) C12H22O11 (b) C10H18O9
(c) C10H20O10 (d) C10H32O11
5. Table sugar is a
(a) Disaccharide of D-glucose and D-fructose (c) (d) None of these
(b) A monosaccharide 15. Glucose and fructose are
(c) A disaccharide containing two glucose units (a) Optical isomers (b) Tautomers
(d) D-glucose (c) Functional isomers (d) Chain isomers
6. A certain compound gives negative test with ninhydrin 16. Which of the following is an unsaturated acid?
and positive test with Benedict’s solution. The (a) Linoleic (b) Stearic
compound is (c) Myristic (d) Lauric
(a) A protein (b) A monosacchride 17. Glucose is a/an
(c) A lipid (d) An amino acid (a) Aldohexose (b) Aldopentose
7. Which of the following is the sweetest sugar? (c) Aldotetrose (d) Ketohexose
(a) Sucrose (b) Glucose 18. Which of the following is a reducing sugar?
(c) Fructose (d) Maltose (a) Glucose (b) Fructose
8. D-glucose & D-fructose can be differentiated by (c) Maltose (d) All of these
(a) Fehling sol (b) Tollens reagent 19. α-D-Glucose and β-D-glucose differ from each other due
(c) Benedict test (d) Br2/H2O to difference in one carbon with respect to its?
9. Glucose reduces
(a) Size of hemiacetal ring (b) Number of OH groups
(a) Tollen’s reagent (b) Fehling’s solution
(c) Configuration (d) Conformation
(c) Benedict’s solution (d) All
84 BIOMOLECULES

20. Lactose is a disaccharide of Choose the correct range from the given option.
(a) Glucose only (b) Glucose and fructose (a) 1  10 (b) 2  10
(c) Glucose and galactose (d) Galactose only (c) 4  10 (d) 5  10
21. Rapid interconversion of α-D-glucose and β-D-glucose 32. Choose the appropriate statement(s) about glucose.
in solution is known as (a) It is also called dextrose
(a) racemization (b) asymmetric induction (b) It is monomer of compound containing starch,
(c) fluxional isomerization (d) mutarotation cellulose
22. Assuming sweetness of the cane sugar to be 10, the (c) Its molecular formula is C6H12O6
sweetness of glucose is (d) All of the above
(a) 15 (b) 1.5 33. Name the reagent and condition required for the
(c) 12.5 (d) 7.5 following reaction.
23. Which of the following reduces Tollen’s reagent?
(a) Glucose (b) Fructose
(c) Lactose (d) All
24. Which carbohydrate is an essential constituent of plant n-hexane
cells? (a) HF,  (b) HCl, 
(a) Starch (b) Cellulose
(c) HBr,  (d) HI, 
(c) Sucrose (d) Maltose
34. Fructose is a/an
25. On hydrolysis of starch, we finally get
(a) ketohexose (b) aldohexose
(a) glucose (b) fructose
(c) hexoseketo (d) hexosealdo
(c) both (a) and (b) (d) sucrose
35. Sucrose (cane sugar) is a disaccharide. One molecule of
26. Which one of the following gives positive Fehling’s
sucrose on hydrolysis gives
solution test ?
(a) 2 molecules of glucose
(a) Sucrose (b) Glucose
(b) 2 molecules of glucose +1 molecule of fructose
(c) Fats (d) Proteins
(c) 1 molecule of glucose +1 molecule of fructose
27. Which of the following is the general formula of
(d) 2 molecules of fructose
Carbohydrates?
36. I. Disaccharides on hydrolysis with dilute acid gives
(a) (C4H2O)n (b) (C6H2O)n
three molecules of same or different monosaccharides.
(c) (CH2O)n (d) (C2H2O)n
II. Disaccharides are formed by the loss of water with
28. Select the biomolecule(s) that help during the formation
an oxide linkage.
of the living system
III. The oxide linkage in the disaccharide is called
(a) Carbohydrates
glycosidic linkage.
(b) Nucleic acids
Choose the incorrect statement about disaccharide and
(c) Lipids
select the most appropriate option.
(d) All of the above
(a) Only I
29. Carbohydrates are produced by ...I... and form group of
(b) Only II
natural occurring ...II... compounds.
(c) Only III
Fill in the blanks I and II with appropriate words.
(d) Only II and III
(a) I  plants; II  inorganic
37. Polysaccharides contain a large number of …I… units
(b) I  plants; II  organic
joined by …II… linkage. They act as the food storage
(c) I  animals; II  organic
or structural material.
(d) I  animal; II  inorganic Fill in the blanks with appropriate words and choose the
30. Select the group in which the cane sugar, glucose and correct option.
starch are classified.
(a) I Oligosaccharide, II  glycosidic
(a) Carbohydrates (b) Proteins
(b) I Monosaccharide, II  carbon
(c) Nucleic acids (d) Vitamins
(c) I Monosaccharide, II  glycosidic
31. Carbohydrate that yield …….. monosaccharide unit on
(d) I Disaccharide, II  glycosidic
hydrolysis are called oligosaccharide.
BIOMOLECULES 85

38. Select the evidence for the open chain structure of 44. Which of the following represents the anomer of the
glucose. compound shown?
(a) Reaction with Tollen’s reagent
(b) Reaction with Fehling solution
(c) Pentacetyl derivative of glucose
(d) Cyanohydrin formation with HCN.
39. “Carbohydrate that cannot be hydrolysed further to give
simpler unit of polyhydroxy aldehyde or ketone”. Name
the type of carbohydrate.
(a) Monosaccharide (b) Oligosaccharide
(c) Polysaccharide (d) All of these
40. Select the incorrect statement about the sugar.
(a) It is sweet in taste
(b) Sugar present in milk is called lactose (a) (b)
(c) Greek word ‘sakcharon’ means sugar
(d) None of these
41. Sucrose reacts with acetic anhydride to form
(a) Penta-acetate (b) Hexa-acetate
(c) Tetra-acetate (d) Octa-acetate
(c) (d) None of these
42. Identify the correct set of stereochemical relationships
45. Among the three compounds shown below, two yield the
amongst the following monosaccharides I-IV.
same product on reaction with warm HNO3. The
exception is

(I) (II)
(a) (b)

(III) (IV)
(a) I and II are anomers ; III and IV are epimers (c) (d) None of these
(b) I and III are epimers ; II and IV are anomers 46. Oxidation of glucose with Ag2O gives
(c) I and II are epimers ; III and IV are anomers (a) D-Gluconic acid (b) L-Glucaric acid
(d) I and III are anomers ; I and II are epimers
(c) L-Gluconic acid (d) L-Glucaric acid
43. The optical rotation of the α-form of a pyranose is +
HNO
150.7°, that of the β-form is +52.8°. In solution an 47. D-Glucose 
 
3
 (A), Product (A) is
equilibrium mixture of these anomers has an optical
rotation of +80.2°. The percentage of the α form in (a) D-Gluconic acid (b) D-Glucitol
equilibrium mixture is (c) D-Fructose (d) D-Glucaric acid
(a) 28% (b) 32%
(c) 68% (d) 72%
86 BIOMOLECULES

48. Assertion (A) Glucose on acetylation gives pentaacetate. (c) human body can synthesize all proteins they need
Reason (R) It contains five OH group. (d) at pH = 7 both amino and carboxylic groups exist in
(a) Both A and R are correct; R is the correct the ionised form
explanation of A 56. The number of amino acids found in proteins that a
(b) Both A and R are correct; R is not the correct human body can synthesize is
explanation of A (a) 20 (b) 10
(c) A is correct; R is incorrect (c) 5 (d) 14
(d) R is correct; A is incorrect 57. The number of tripeptides formed by three different
Amino Acids amino acids are
49. The acid showing salt-like character in aqueous solution (a) Three (b) Four
is (c) Five (d) Six
(a) Acetic acid (b) Benzoic acid 58. When pieces of human hair are heated strongly with
(c) Formic acid (d) α-Aminoacetic acid soda- lime, smell of ammonia can be detected. Which
50. Which of the following α-amino acids does not contain a one of the following conclusion can be drawn from this
chiral carbon? observation?
(a) Glycine (b) Alanine (a) Ammonia is present in the human hair
(c) Phenylalanine (d) Valine (b) Ammonium salt is present in hair
51. Which statement correctly completes the statement? (c) Hair contains amino acids
Except for glycine, which is achiral, all the amino acids (d) None of the above
present in proteins .......... 59. Which amino acid does not contain chiral centre?
(a) are chiral, but racemic (a) Valine (b) Leucine
(b) have the L configuration at their α carbon (c) Glycine (d) Iso-leucine
(c) have the R configuration at their α carbon 60. In aqueous solutions, amino acids mostly exist as
(d) have the S configuration at their α carbon (a) NH2  CHR  COOH

52. At Iso-electric point (b) NH 2  CHR  COO


(a) Conc. of cation is equal to conc. of anion (c) N3 N  CHR  COOH
(b) Net charge is zero.

(c) Maximum conc. of di-polar ion (Zwitter ion) will (d) H 3 N  CHR  COO
be present
61. In an amino acid, the carboxyl group ionises at
(d) All of the above
pKa1  2.34 and ammonium ion at pKa2 = 9.60. The
53. Find iso-electric point of the given amino acid isoelectric point of the amino acid is at pH
(a) 5.97 (b) 2.34
(c) 9.60 (d) 6.97

(a) 5.5 (b) 6.5 62.

(c) 3 (d) 5 Identify the amino acid obtained by hydrolysis of the
54. Lack of essential amino acids in the diet leads to the
above compound.
disease called
(a) Night blindness (a) Glycine (b) Alanine
(b) Pernicious anaemia (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) None of these
(c) Kwashiorkor 63. Which of following amino acid has lowest iso-electric
(d) Sickel cell anaemia point?
55. Which is not a true statement? (a) Glycine (b) Alanine
(a) α-carbon of α-amino acid is asymmetric (c) Aspartic acid (d) Lysine
(b) all proteins are found in L-form
BIOMOLECULES 87

64. Which of the following does not exist as a zwitterion? (a) I and II (b) II and III
(a) Glycine (b) Alanine (c) III and IV (d) IV and I
(c) Sulphanilic acid (d) p-Aminobenzoic acid 73. Which one of the following amino acid has phenolic OH
65. Which of the functional group(s) is/are present in the group?
amino acids? (a) Lysine (b) Arginine
(a) –NH2 (b) – COOH (c) Proline (d) Tyrosine
(c) –COOR (d) Only (a) and (b) 74. The relation of the isoelectric point for an amino acid, to
66. Which of the following statement is false? solubility is
(a) Glycine is named since it has sweet taste (a) the two are not related
(b) Tyrosine means cheese (b) an amino acid is least soluble at its isoelectric point
(c) Amino acids are generally represented by 3- (c) an amino acid has the maximum solubility at the
letter symbol isoelectric point
(d) None of these (d) solubilities of only some amino acids depend on it.
67. How many amino acids (approx) are involved during the 75. Lysine is least soluble in water in the pH range
synthesis of protein? (a) 3 to 4 (b) 5 to 6
(a) 15 (b) 18 (c) 6 to 7 (d) 8 to 9
(c) 20 (d) 91 76. Assertion (A) Amino acids react with acid and base both.
68. How many essential amino acids are present in the living Reason (R) In Zwitter ionic form, amino acids show the
system? amphoteric behavior.
(a) 5 (b) 10 (a) Both A and R are correct; R is the correct
(c) 15 (d) 20 explanation of A
69. I. Histidine II. Proline (b) Both A and R are correct; R is not the correct
III. Threonine IV. Aspartic acid explanation of A
Select the essential amino acid(s) from the above amino (c) A is correct; R is incorrect
acid and choose the appropriate option. (d) R is correct; A is incorrect
(a) II and III only (b) I and IV only
(c) I and III only (d) I and II only Proteins
70. Consider the following statements of amino acids:
I. they are colourless, crystalline solids. 77. Denaturation of proteins leads to loss of its biological
II. they are water soluble and are melting solids. activity by
III. they behave like salts rather than simple amines or (a) Formation of amino acids
carboxylic acids. (b) Loss of primary structure
Select the correct statement(s) from the above statements (c) Loss of both primary and secondary structures
and choose the appropriate option. (d) Loss of both secondary and tertiary structures
(a) I and II (b) II and III 78. The peptide bond is
(c) Only III (d) All of these (a) –CONH2 (b) –CONH–
71. Name the molecule which is eliminated during the (c) –COONH4 (d) –N = C = O
formation of peptide bond. 79. Proteins are
(a) Acid (b) Amine (a) Polyamides
(c) Water (d) Alcohol (b) Polyesters
H 2 N   CH 2 4  C H  COOH (c) Polyhydric alcohols
72. Lysine | is…… (d) Polycarboxylic acids
NH 2 80. Which one of the following is not a protein?
I.  -amino acid (a) Wool (b) Nail
II. basic amino acid (c) Hair (d) DNA
III. amino acid synthesised in body
IV.  -amino acid
Select the option with correct properties about lysine.
88 BIOMOLECULES

81. Mark the wrong statement about denaturation of proteins 90. Which of the following statement is incorrect about the
(a) The primary structure of the protein doesn’t change secondary structure of protein?
(b) Globular proteins are converted into fibrous
proteins (a) It refers to the shape in which long polypeptide
(c) Fibrous proteins are converted into globular chain can exist
(b) It exists in two different type of structures, i.e.,  -
proteins
(d) The biological activity of the protein is destroyed helix and  -pleated sheet structure
82. The sequence in which the α-amino acids are linked to (c) Its structure arises due to regular folding of the
one another in a protein molecule is called its backbone of the polypeptide chain
(a) Primary structure (b) Secondary structure (d) There is the covalent bonding between  C  O and
(c) Tertiary structure (d) Quaternary structure NH groups of the peptide bond
83. Which of the following contains nitrogen? 91. The tertiary structure of proteins arises due the further
(a) Fats (b) Proteins folding of the …I… structure. It gives rise to major
(c) Carbohydrates (d) None molecular shapes, i.e., …II…
84. Proteins are condensation polymers of Select appropriate words to complete the above
(a) α-Amino acids (b) β-Amino acids statement from the options given below.
(c) α-Hydroxy acids (d) β-Hydroxy acids (a) I primary; II  fibrous and globular
85. The bond that determines the secondary structure of a (b) I  secondary; II  fibrous and globular
protein is (c) I  primary; II  tertiary
(a) Co-ordinate bond (b) Covalent bond (d) I  secondary; II  tertiary
(c) Hydrogen bond (d) Ionic bond
92. During denaturation ...I... structures of proteins are
86. Which of the following is not a function of proteins?
destroyed but ...II... structure remains intact. Here I and
(a) nail formation
II refer to
(b) skin formation
(a) I  1o and 2 o ; II  3o
(c) muscle formation
(d) providing energy for metabolism (b) I  2 o and 3o ; II  1o
87. On what basis, do the fibrous and globular proteins are (c) I  1o and 3o ; II  2 o
classified? (d) I  1o and 4 o ; II  3o
(a) On the basis of number of the amino acids 93. The spatial arrangement of the two or more polypeptide
(b) On the basis of their molecular shape chains with respect to each other is known as
(c) On the basis of type of the amino acids (a) primary structure (b) secondary structure
(d) All of the above (c) tertiary structure (d) quaternary structure
88. Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct about 94. Proteins can be classified into two types on the basis of
proteins? their molecular shape i.e., fibrous proteins and globular
(a) Proteins form the basis of structure and function of proteins. Examples of fibrous proteins are
life I. insulin II. keratin
(b) They are required for growth and maintenance of III. albumin IV. Myosin
body Select the correct option.
(c) They are polymers of  -amino acids (a) I and II (b) II and IV
(d) All of the above (c) III and I (d) I and III
89. ...I… proteins, chains of polypeptides coil around each
other to give a spherical shape. Nucleic Acids
They are generally …II… in water. …III… and insulin 95. The pentose sugar in DNA and RNA has the
are the common example of these proteins. (a) Open chain structure
Here I, II and III refer to (choose the correct option). (b) Pyranose structure
(a) I  fibrous; II  soluble; III  keratin (c) Furanose structure
(b) I  fibrous; II  insoluble; III  albumin (d) None of the above
(c) I  globular; II  insoluble; III  keratin
(d) I  globular; II  soluble; III  albumin
BIOMOLECULES 89

96. Chargaff’s rule states that in an organism 105. In DNA, the complementary bases are
(a) amount of adenine (A) is equal to that of guanine (G) (a) Uracil and adenine : cytosine and guanine
and the amount of thymine (T) is equal to that of (b) Adenine and thymine : guanine and cytosine
cytosine (C) (c) Adenine and thymine : guanine and uracil
(b) amount of adenine (A) is equal to that of cytosine (d) Adenine and guanine : thymine and cytosine
(C) and the amount of thymine (T) is equal to that of 106. Which of the following compound is responsible for the
guanine (G) transmission of heredity characters?
(c) amount of all bases are equal (a) RNA
(d) amount of adenine (A) is equal to that of thymine (T) (b) DNA
and the amount of guanine (G) is equal to that of (c) Glucose
cytosine (C) (d) Haemoglobin
97. Which of the following statements about DNA is not 107. If the sequence of bases in DNA is TGAACCCTT then
correct? the sequence of bases in m-RNA is
(a) It has a double helix structure.
(a) ACUUGGGAA
(b) It undergoes replication.
(b) TCUUGGGTT
(c) The two strands in a DNA molecule are exactly
(c) ACUUCCCAA
similar.
(d) None of the above
(d) It contains the pentose sugar, 2-deoxyribose.
108. Which base is found only in the nucleotides of RNA?
98. The enzyme which converts glucose and fructose into
(a) Adenine (b) Uracil
ethyl alcohol is
(c) Guanine (d) Cytosine
(a) Diastase (b) Invertase
109. In the double helix structure of DNA, base pairs are
(c) Sucrose (d) Zymase
(a) Part of the back bone structure
99. Which of the following sets of bases is present both in
(b) Inside the helix
DNA and RNA?
(c) Outside the helix
(a) Adenine, uracil, thymine
(d) None of these
(b) Adenine, guanine, cytosine
110. A nucleotide consists of
(c) Adenine, guanine, uracil
(a) carbon sugar
(d) Adenine, guanine, thymine
(b) nitrogen containing base
100. Purine derivative among the following bases is
(c) phosphoric acid
(a) thymine (b) uracil
(d) all of these
(c) guanine (d) cytosine
101. Which of the following statements about RNA is not 111. -D(+)-glucose and -D(+)-glucose are
correct? (a) anomers (b) epimers
(a) It has a single strand. (c) enantiomers (d) geometrical isomers
(b) It does not undergo replication. 112. What is the composition of nucleoside?
(c) It does not contain any pyrimidine base. (a) a sugar + a phosphate
(d) It controls the synthesis of proteins. (b) a base + a sugar
102. If one strand of DNA has the sequence ATGCTTGA, the (c) a base + a phosphate
sequence in the complimentary strand would be (d) a base + a sugar + phosphate
(a) TACGAACT (b) TCCGAACT 113. DNA molecule takes the shape of…I…helix which are
(c) TACGTACT (d) TACGTAGT made up of alternate units of …II…and…III….
103. The double helical structure of DNA was proposed by (a) I  double II  phosphate III  Sugar ribose
(a) Watson and Crick (b) Meichers (b) I  -pleated II  phosphate III  Sugar
deoxyribose
(c) Emil Fischer (d) Khorana
(c) I  double II  phosphate III  sugar
104. In nucleic acids, the nucleotides are linked to one deoxyribose
another through (d) I  -pleated II  phosphate III  sugar ribose
(a) Hydrogen bond (b) Peptide bond
(c) Glycosidic linkage (d) Phosphodiester bonds
90 BIOMOLECULES

114. Which of the following statement(s) is/are true ? (c) RNA  -D-ribose
(a) Every individual has unique fingerprints and it (d) RNA  -D-3-deoxyribose
occur at the tips of fingers 122. In the …I…structure of RNA, helices are ..II…stranded.
(b) A sequence of bases of DNA is also unique for a They fold back to form…III…structure. Here, I II and III
person and information regarding this is called refers to (Choose the correct option).
fingerprinting (a) I  primary IIdouble IIIhelical
(c) Fingerprints can be altered by the surgery (b) I  secondary IIdouble IIIhelical
(d) All of the above (c) I  primary IIsingle IIIdouble helix
115. DNA fingerprinting is now used
(d) Isecondary IIsingle IIIdouble helix
(a) In forensic laboratories for the identification of
123. James Watson and Francis Crick gave a double strand
criminals
helix structure for…I…Two nucleic acid chains are
(b) To identify racial groups to rewrite biological
wound about each other and held together
evolution
by..II…between pair of bases.
(c) To determine paternity of an individual
(a) I  DNA
(d) All of the above
II  hydrogen bond
116. Which of the following are purine bases ?
(b) I  DNA
I. Guanine II. Adenine
III. Thymine IV. Uracil II  covalent bond
(a) I and II (c) I  RNA
(b) II and III II  hydrogen bond
(c) III and IV (d) I  RNA
(d) I and IV II  covalent bond
117. A segment of DNA molecule, which codes or specifies 124. In nucleic acids, the sequence is
for one polypeptide chain is called… (a) Phosphate–Base–sugar
Fill the blank with an appropriate word. (b) Sugar–Base–phosphate
(a) phosphate group (b) amino acid (c) Base–sugar–phosphate
(c) gene (d) adenine (d) Base–phosphate–sugar
118. Which one of the following does not constitute the 125. If one strand of DNA has the sequence ATCGTATG,
nucleic acid? the sequence in the complementary strand would be
(a) Uracil (a) TAGCTTAC (b) TCACATAC
(b) Ribose sugar (c) TAGCATAC (d) TACGATAC
(c) Phosphoric acid 126. Select the correct and simplified version of nucleic acid
(d) Guanidine from the following chains given in the options.
119. Two strands in DNA are…. (a)
Complete the above statement with the best suitable
statement(s) from the options given below.
(a) ot identical (b)
(b) not identical but are complementary
(c) not complementary but are identical
(d) All of the above
120. Complete hydrolysis of DNA/RNA yields (c)
(a) a pentose sugar
(b) phosphoric acid
(c) base (Nitrogen containing heterocyclic compounds) (d)
(d) All of the above
121. Which of the following match is correct?
(a) DNA  ,D-3-deoxyribose
(b) DNA  -D-1-deoxyribose
BIOMOLECULES 91

127. Assertion (A) The two strands of DNA are

complementary to each other.
Reason (R) Adenine forms hydrogen bonds with
guanine and thymine forms hydrogen bonds with
cytosine. (c) (d)
(a) Both A and R are correct; R is the correct
explanation of A 134. Which enzyme converts starch into glucose?
(b) Both A and R are correct; R is not the correct (a) Sucrase (b) -amylase
explanation of A (c) Trypsin (d) Lactase
(c) A is correct; R is incorrect 135. The function of enzymes in the living system is to
(d) R is correct; A is incorrect (a) transport oxygen
(b) provide immunity
Enzymes (c) catalyse biochemical reactions
(d) provide energy
128. Enzymes in the living systems 136. Name the enzyme that catalyses the reaction given
(a) Provide energy below.
(b) Provide immunity  
 ?
(c) Transport oxygen C12 H 22 O11 
 
2C6 H12 O 6
(d) Catalyse biological processes maltose glucose
129. Enzymes take part in a reaction and (a) Talose (b) Lactase
(a) decrease the rate of a chemical reaction (c) Pepsin (d) Maltase
(b) increase the rate of a chemical reaction 137. The enzyme which catalyse the oxidation of one
(c) both (a) and (b) substrate with simultaneous reduction of another
(d) None of these substrate are called as…I…enzyme. The enzyme ends
130. Enzymes are made up of with the name of …II…Identify. I and II for the above
(a) edible proteins blanks from the options given below.
(b) proteins with specific structure (a) I  reductioxidase II  ase
(c) nitrogen containing carbohydrates (b) I  oxidoreductase II  ase
(d) carbohydrates (c) I  oxidoreductase II  ese
131. Enzyme which breaks down starch to maltose is (d) I  reductoxidese II  ese
(a) Maltase 138. Enzymes are needed only in ……quantity for the
(b) Zymase progress of reaction.
(c) Diastase Select the appropriate word to fill the blank.
(d) Invertase (a) small
132. In reference to biological role, Ca2+ ions are important (b) large
in (c) Both (a) and (b)
(a) triggering the contraction of muscles (d) None of these
(b) generating the right electrode potential across cell 139. Assertion (A) In the presence of enzyme, substrate
membrane molecule can be attacked by the reagent effectively.
(c) hydrolysis of ATP Reason (R) Active sites of enzymes hold the substrate
(d) defence mechanism molecule in suitable position.
133. Which one of the following chemical units is (a) Both A and R are correct ; R is the correct
certainly to be found in enzyme? explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are correct ; R is not the correct
explanation of A
(c) A is correct ; R is incorrect
(a) (b)
(d) R is correct ; A is incorrect
92 BIOMOLECULES

Vitamins,Lipids & Hormones 146. The number of molecules of ATP produced in the lipid
140. Which vitamin can be obtained from sunlight ? metabolism of a molecule of palmitic acid is
(a) A (b) H (a) 56 (b) 36
(c) D (d) E (c) 130 (d) 86
141. Which one of the following metal is present in vitamin 147. The chemical messengers produced in the ductless
B12 ? glands are
(a) Aluminium (b) Iron (a) Vitamins (b) Lipids
(c) Zinc (d) Cobalt (c) Hormones (d) Antibodies
142. Pyridoxine is also known as 148. Which of the following hormones contains iodine?
(a) Vitamin B2 (b) Vitamin B6 (a) Insulin (b) Thyroxine
(c) Vitamin B12 (d) Vitamin B1 (c) Adrenaline (d) Testosterone

143. Which of the following acids is a vitamin ? 149. Insulin is a

(a) Aspartic acid (b) Ascorbic acid (a) Steroid hormone (b) Peptide hormone
(c) Adipic acid (d) Saccharic acid (c) Amine hormone (d) None of the above
144. Which of the following B groups vitamins can be stored 150. Which of the following is not an amine hormone?
in our body ? (a) Norepinephrine (b) Adrenaline
(a) Vitamin B1 (b) Vitamin B2 (c) Thyroxine (d) Oxytocin
(c) Vitamin B6 (d) Vitamin B12
145. Assertion: (A) The term vitamine is replaced by
vitamin now days.
Reason: Vitamine came vital + amine and it was
identified that vitamin did not contain amino groups.
(a) Both A and R are correct; R is the correct
explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are correct; R is not the correct
explanation of A
(c) A is correct ; R is incorrect
(d) R is correct ; A is incorrect
BIOMOLECULES 93

EXERCISE – 2: Previous Year Questions

1. Which one of the following structures represents the 7. Which of the following vitamins is water soluble?
peptide chain? (Manipal 2007) (AIPMT 2007)
(a) Vitamin E (b) Vitamin K
(c) Vitamin A (d) Vitamin B
8. Which one of the following is an amine hormone?
(AIPMT 2008)
(a)
(a) Thyroxine (b) Oxypurin
(c) Insulin (d) Progesterone
9. In DNA, the complimentary bases are
(AIPMT 2008)
(b)
(a) adenine and guanine; thymine and cytosine
(b) uracil and adenine; cytosine and guanine
(c) adenine and thymine; guanine and cytosine
(d) adenine and thymine; guanine and uracil.
(c)
10. The segment of DNA, which acts as the instrumental
manual for the synthesis of the protein is
(AIPMT 2009)
(a) nucleotide (b) ribose
(d) (c) gene (d) nucleoside
2. A sequence of how many nucleotides in messenger 11. Which one of the following does not exhibit the
RNA makes a codon for an amino acid? phenomenon of mutarotation? (AIPMT 2010)
(Manipal 2007) (a) (+)–Sucrose (b) (+)–Lactose
(a) Three (b) Four (c) (+)–Maltose (d) (–)–Fructose
(c) One (d) Two 12. Fructose reduces Tollens’ reagent due to
3. The hormone that helps in the conversion of glucose (Mains 2010)
to glycogen is (Manipal 2007) (a) asymmetric carbons
(a) cortisone (b) bile acids (b) primary alcoholic group
(c) adrenaline (d) insulin (c) secondary alcoholic group
4. Number of chiral carbon atoms in -D(+) glucose is (d) enolisation of fructose followed by conversion to
(Manipal 2007) aldehyde by base.
(a) five (b) six 13. Which of the following is a basic amino acid?
(c) three (d) four (NEET 2020)
5. The helical structure of protein is stabilised by (a) Serine (b) Alanine
(Manipal 2007) (c) Tyrosine (d) Lysine
(a) dipeptide bonds 14. Hyrolysis of sucrose is called (AFMC 2018)
(b) hydrogen bonds (a) inversion (b) esterification
(c) ether bonds (c) hydration (d) saponification
(d) peptide bonds 15. The change in optical rotation of freshly prepared
6. RNA and DNA are chiral molecules, their chirality is solution of cane sugar with time is known as
due to (AIPMT 2007) (Manipal 2010)
(a) L-sugar component (a) mutarotation (b) inversion
(b) chiral bases (c) specific rotation (d) rotatory motion
(c) chiral phosphate ester units
(d) D-sugar component
94 BIOMOLECULES

16. The monomer units of starch are (RPMT 2010) 23. What is the nature of glucose-glucose linkage in starch
(a) -glucose that makes it so susceptible to acid hydrolysis?
(b) - glucose (DUMET 2011)
(c) pyranose (a) Starch is a hemiacetal
(d) galactose (b) Starch is an acetal
17. Which one of the following statements is not true (c) Starch is a polymer
regarding (+)–lactose? (AIPMT 2011) (d) Starch contains only few molecules of glucose
(a) On hydrolysis (+)–lactose gives equal amount of 24. How glucose is related with fructose?
D(+)–glucose and D(+)–galactose. (Guj CET 2011)
(b) (+)–Lactose is a -glucoside formed by the union (a) Functional isomerism
of a molecule of D(+)–glucose and a molecule of (b) Rotamers
D(+)–galactose. (c) Positions isomerism
(c) (+)–Lactose is a reducing sugar and does not (d) Geometrical isomerism
exhibit mutarotation. 25. How you can say that glucose is cyclic compound?
(d) (+)–Lactose, C12H22O11 contains 8– OH groups. (Guj CET 2011)
18. Which of the statements about “Denaturation” given (a) Glucose undergoes Tollen’s test
below are correct? (AIPMT 2011) (b) Glucose reacts with phenyl hydrazine
(1) Denaturation of proteins causes loss of secondary (c) Glucose fails to react with sodium hydrogen
and tertiary structures of the protein. sulphite
(2) Denaturation leads to the conversion of double (d) Glucose reacts with nitric acid
strand of DNA into single strand. 26. Which of the following hormones contains iodine?
(3) Denaturation affects primary structure which gets (JIPMER 2012)
distorted. (a) Insulin (b) Testosterone
(a) (2) and (3) (b) (1) and (3) (c) Adrenaline (d) Thyroxine
(c) (1) and (2) (d) (1), (2) and (3) 27. Which one of the following sets of monosaccharides
19. Which of the following is not a fat soluble vitamin? forms sucrose? (AIPMT 2012)
(AIPMT 2011) (a) -D-galactopyranose and -D-glucopyranose
(a) Vitamin B complex (b) Vitamin D (b) -D-glucopyranose and -D-fructofuranose
(c) Vitamin E (d) Vitamin A (c) -D-glucopyranose and -D-fructofuranose
20. Glucose does not react with (Kerala CEE 2011) (d) -D-glucopyranose and -D-fructopyranose
(a) Br2/H2O (b) H2N—OH 28. Deficiency of vitamin B1 causes the disease
(c) HI (d) NaHSO3 (AIPMT 2012)
21. The linkage between the two monosaccharide units in (a) convulsions (b) beri-beri
lactose is (Kerala CEE 2011) (c) cheilosis (d) sterility.
(a) C-1 of -D glucose and C-4 of -D-galactose 29. Which one of the following is an example of non-
(b) C-1 of -D galoctose and C-4 of -D-glucose reducing sugar? (UP CPMT 2012)
(c) C-1 of -D galoctose and C-4 of -D-glucose (a) Sucrose (b) Lactose
(d) C-1 of -D galoctose and C-4 of -D-glucose (c) Maltose (d) Cellubiose
22.  -maltose consists of (KCET 2011) 30. In DNA, the linkages between different nitrogenous
(a) one -D glucopyranose unit and one –D bases are (Karnataka NEET 2013)
glucopyranose unit with 1, 2- glycosidic linage (a) phosphate linkage (b) H-bonding
(b) two -D glucopyranose unit with 1, 2 - glycosidic (c) glycosidic linkage (d) peptide linkage.
linkage 31. Which of the following is an aldohexose?
(c) two -D glucopyranose units with 1, 4 - glycosidic (KCET 2013)
linkage (a) Cellulose (b) Sucrose
(d) two -D glucopyranose units with 1, 4 -glycosidic (c) Glucose (d) Raffinose
linkage
BIOMOLECULES 95

32. A certain compound gives negative test with ninhydrin

and positive test with Benedict’s solution, it is (KCET
2013)
(a) an amino acid (b) a monosaccharide
(c) a lipid (d) a protein
33. Which of the following hormones is produced under the
conditions of stress which stimulate glycogenolysis in
the liver of human beings? (AIPMT 2014)
(a) Thyroxin (b) Insulin
(c)
(c) Adrenaline (d) Estradiol
34. One mole of stachyose on hydrolysis yields
(MHT CET 2014)
(a) 1 mole of glucose +1 mole of fructose +2 moles of
galactose
(b) 2 moles of glucose +1 mole of fructose +1 mole of
galactose
(c) 1 mole of glucose +2 moles of fructose +1 mole of
galactose
(d)
(d) 2 moles of glucose +2 moles of fructose
36. The correct corresponding order of names of four
35. D(+)-glucose reacts with hydroxyl amine and yields an
oxime. The structure of the oxime would be aldoses with configuration given below
(AIPMT 2014) (NEET-II 2016)

(a) respectively, is
(a) L-erythrose, L-threose, L-erythrose, D-threose
(b) D-threose, D-erythrose, L-threose, L-erythrose
(c) L-erythrose, L-threose, D-erythrose, D-threose
(d) D-erythrose, D-threose, L-erythrose, L-threose.
37. Which one given below is a non-reducing sugar?
(NEET-I 2016)
(a) Glucose (b) Sucrose
(c) Maltose (d) Lactose
38. In a protein molecule various amino acids are linked
(b) together by (NEET-I 2016)
(a) peptide bond
(b) dative bond
(c) -glycosidic bond
(d) -glycosidic bond.
96 BIOMOLECULES

39. The central dogma of molecular genetics states that the (d) amylose is made up of glucose and galactose.
genetic information flows from (NEET-II 2016) 44. Which of the following compounds can form a zwitter
(a) Amino acids → Proteins → DNA ion? (NEET 2018)
(b) DNA → Carbohydrates → Proteins (a) Aniline
(c) DNA → RNA → Proteins (b) Acetanilide
(d) DNA → RNA → Carbohydrates (c) Benzoic acid
40. The correct statement regarding RNA and DNA, (d) Glycine
respectively is (NEET-I 2016) 45. Which of the following represents the correct structure
(a) the sugar component in RNA is arabinose and the of cellulose? (AIPMT 2018)
sugar component in DNA is ribose (a) Branched,  (1, 4) and  (1, 6) - glucose
(b) the sugar component in RNA is 2’ – deoxyribose (b) Unbranched,  (1, 6) - glucose
and the sugar component in DNA is arabinose (c) Branched,  (1, 4) - glucose
(c) the sugar component in RNA is arabinose and the (d) Unbranched,  (1, 4) - glucose
sugar component in DNA is 2’ – deoxyribose. 46. The non-essential amino acid among the following is
(d) the sugar component in RNA is ribose and the (NEET 2019)
sugar component in DNA is 2’-deoxyribose. (a) lysine (b) valine
41. Which of the following statements is not correct? (c) leucine (d) alanine.
(NEET 2017) 47. Which structure(s) of proteins remain(s) intact during
(a) Ovalbumin is a simple food reserve in eggwhite. denaturation process? (Odisha NEET 2019)
(b) Blood proteins thrombin and fibrinogen are (a) Both secondary and tertiary structures
involved in blood clotting. (b) Primary structure only
(c) Secondary structure only
(c) Denaturation makes the proteins more active. (d) Tertiary structure only
(d) Insulin maintains sugar level in the blood of a 48. Invert sugar is mixture of (JIPMER 2019)
human body. (a) D-glucose + D-fructose
42. On hydrolysis of starch, we finally get (b) L-glucose + D-fructose
(JIPMER 2017) (c) L-glucose + D-glucose
(a) glucose (d) L-glucose + L-glucose
(b) fructose 49. Sucrose on hydrolysis gives (NEET 2020)
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(a) -D-glucose + -D-fructose
(d) sucrose
(b) -D-glucose + -D-glucose
43. The difference between amylose and amylopectin is
(c) -D-glucose + -D-fructose
(NEET 2018)
(d) -D-fructose + -D-fructose
(a) amylopectin have 1 → 4 -linkage and 1 → 6
50. The RBC deficiency is deficiency of (NEET 2021)
-linkage
(a) Vitamin B1 (b) Vitamin B2
(b) amylose have 1 → 4  -linkage and 1 → 6
(c) Vitamin B12 (d) Vitamin B6
-linkage
(c) amylopectin have 1 → 4 -linkage and 1 → 6
-linkage
BIOMOLECULES 97

EXERCISE – 3: Achiever’s Section

Single Choice Questions 9. Which statement is incorrect about peptide bond?
(a) C - N bond length in proteins is longer than usual
1. Sucrose in water is dextrorotatory, []D = + 66.4°
bond length of C-N bond.
when boiled with dil. HCl, the solution becomes (b) Spectroscopic analysis shows planar structure of
laevo-rotatory, []D = – 39.9°. In this process the CONH group
sucrose breaks into (c) C–N bond length in proteins is smaller than usual
(a) L-glucose + D-fructose bond length of C–N bond
(b) L-glucose + L-fructose (d) None of the above
(c) D-glucose + D-fructose 10. Which functional group participates in disulphide
(d) D-glucose + L-fructose bond formation in proteins ?
2. Glycolysis is (a) Thiolactone (b) Thiol
(a) oxidation of glucose to pyruvate (c) Thioether (d) Thioester
(b) conversion of glucose to haem 11. During the process of digestion, the proteins present
(c) oxidation of glucose to glutamate in food materials are hydrolysed to amino acids. The
(d) conversion of pyruvate to citrate two enzymes involved in the process
3. Sucrose when boiled with dil. HCl produce
(a) glucose (b) fructose
(c) glucose + fructose (d) laevunilic acid
4. Glucose and mannose are
are respectively
(a) anomers (b) epimers
(a) amylase and maltase (b) diastase and lipase
(c) ketohexoses (d) disaccharides (c) pepsin and trypsin (d) invertase and zymase
5. The beta and alpha glucose have different specific 12. Chargaff’s rule states that in an organism
rotations. When either is dissolved in water, their (a) amount of adenine (A) is equal to that of cytosine
rotation changes until the same fixed value results. This (C) and the amount of thymine (T) is equal to that
is called. of guanine (G)
(a) epimerization (b) racemization (b) amounts of all bases are equal
(c) anomerisation (d) mutaratation (c) amount of adenine (A) is equal to that of thymine
6. Methyl –D-glucoside and methyl –D- glucoside are (T) and the amount of guanine (G) is equal to that
(a) epimers of cytosine (C)
(b) anomers
(d) amount of adenine (A) is equal to that of guanine
(c) enantiomers
(d) conformational diastereomers (G) and the amount of thymine (T) is equal to that
7. Which one of the following statements is true for of cytosine (C).
protein synthesis (translation)? 13. The correct statement in respect of protein
(a) Amino acids are directly recognized by m-RNA haemoglobin is that it
(b) The third base of the codon is less specific (a) functions as a catalyst for biological reactions
(c) Only one codon codes for an amino acid (b) maintains blood sugar level
(d) Every t-RNA molecule has more than one amino (c) acts as an oxygen carrier in the blood
acid attachement (d) forms antibodies and offers resistance to diseases
8. The pair in which both species have iron is 14. The human body does not produce
(a) Nitrogenase, cytochromes (a) DNA (b) vitamins
(b) Carboxypeptidase, Haemoglobin (c) hormones (d) enzymes
(c) Haemocyanin, nitrogenise 15. Which one of the following vitamins is water soluble?
(d) Haemoglobin, cytochromes (a) Vitamin B complex (b) Vitamin E
(c) Vitamin K (d) Vitamin A
98 BIOMOLECULES

16. Phospholipids are esters of glycerol with 24. Assertion: In sucrose two sugar units are joined by 1,
(a) one carboxylic acid residue and two phosphate 2-glycosidic bond.
groups Reason: It joins C1 of -glucose and C2 of -fructose
(b) three phosphate groups by glycosidic bond.
(c) three carboxylic acid residues (a) A (b) B (c) C
(d) two carboxylic acid residues and one phosphate (d) D (e) E
groups 25. Assertion: Glucose gives reddish brown precipitate
17. The cell membranes are mainly composed of with Fehling solution.
(a) carbohydrates (b) proteins Reason: Reaction of glucose with Fehling solution
(c) phospholipids (d) fats gives CuO and gluconic acid.
18. Which one of the following is a peptide hormone? (a) A (b) B (c) C
(a) Glucagon (b) Testosterone (d) D (e) E
(c) Thyroxine (d) Adrenaline 26. Assertion: Deoxyribose, C5H10O4 is not a
19. The hormone which controls the processes like burning carbohydrate.
of fats, proteins and carbohydrates to liberate energy in Reason: Carbohydrates are hydrates of carbon so
the body is compounds which follow Cx(H2O)y formula are
(a) cortisone (b) thyroxine carbohydrates.
(c) adrenaline (d) insulin (a) A (b) B (c) C
Assertion-Reason Type Questions (d) D (e) E
While answering these questions, you are required to 27. Assertion: Proteins on hydrolysis produce amino
choose any one of the following responses. acids.
(A) If both Assertion and Reason are correct and the Reason: Amino acids contain –NH2 and –COOH
Reason is a correct explanation of the Assertion. groups.
(B) If both Assertion and Reason are correct but (a) A (b) B (c) C
Reason is not a correct explanation of the (d) D (e) E
Assertion. 28. Assertion: Alpha    -amino acids exist as internal
(C) If the Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.
salt in solution as they have amino and carboxylic
(D) If the Reason is correct but Assertion is incorrect.
acid groups in near vicinity.
(E) Both Assertion & Reason are incorrect.
20. Assertion: Sucrose is a non-reducing sugar. Reason: H ion given by carboxylic group
Reason: It has glycosidic linkage. (–COOH) is captured by amino group (–NH2) having
(a) A (b) B (c) C lone pair of electrons.
(d) D (e) E (a) A (b) B (c) C
21. Assertion: Maltose is a reducing sugar which gives (d) D (e) E
two moles of D-glucose on hydrolysis. 29. Assertion: DNA molecules and all RNA molecules
Reason: Maltose has a 1, 4’- -glycosidic linkage. are found in the nucleus of a cell.
Reason: On heating, the enzymes do not lose their
(a) A (b) B (c) C
specific activity.
(d) D (e) E
(a) A (b) B (c) C
22. Assertion: Hydrolysis of sucrose is known as
(d) D (e) E
inversion of cane sugar.
30. Assertion: Activity of an enzyme is pH-dependent.
Reason: Sucrose is a disaccharide.
Reason: Change in pH affects the solubility of the
(a) A (b) B (c) C
enzyme in water.
(d) D (e) E
(a) A (b) B (c) C
23. Assertion: Glucose does not give 2, 4- DNP test.
(d) D (e) E
Reason: Glucose exists in cyclic hemiacetal form.
(a) A (b) B (c) C
(d) D (e) E
BIOMOLECULES 99

Notes:

Find Answer Key and Detailed Solutions at the end of this book

BIOMOLECULES
ANSWER KEY 227

CHAPTER - 7: BIOMOLECULES
Exercise - 1: Basic Objective Questions

DIRECTIONS FOR USE-

Scan the QR code and check detailed solutions.
1. (d) 2.(a) 3. (a) 4. (a) 77. (d) 78. (b) 79. (a) 80. (d)
5. (a) 6. (b) 7. (c) 8. (d) 81. (c) 82. (a) 83. (b) 84. (a)
9. (d) 10. (c) 11. (a) 12. (c) 85. (c) 86. (d) 87. (b) 88. (d)
13. (b) 14. (a) 15. (c) 16. (a) 89. (d) 90. (d) 91. (b) 92. (b)
17. (a) 18. (d) 19. (c) 20. (c) 93. (d) 94. (b) 95. (c) 96. (d)
21. (d) 22. (d) 23. (d) 24. (b) 97. (c) 98. (d) 99. (b) 100. (c)
25. (a) 26. (b) 27. (c) 28. (d) 101. (c) 102. (a) 103. (a) 104. (d)
29. (b) 30. (a) 31. (b) 32. (d) 105. (b) 106. (b) 107. (a) 108. (b)
33. (d) 34. (a) 35. (c) 36. (a) 109. (b) 110. (d) 111. (a) 112. (b)
37. (c) 38. (c) 39. (a) 40. (d) 113. (c) 114. (d) 115. (d) 116. (a)
41. (d) 42. (d) 43. (a) 44. (b) 117. (c) 118. (d) 119. (b) 120. (d)
45. (b) 46. (a) 47. (d) 48. (a) 121. (c) 122. (d) 123. (a) 124. (c)
49. (d) 50. (a) 51. (b) 52. (d) 125. (c) 126. (c) 127. (c) 128. (d)
53. (c) 54. (c) 55. (d) 56. (b) 129. (b) 130. (b) 131. (c) 132. (a)
57. (d) 58. (c) 59. (c) 60. (d) 133. (c) 134. (b) 135. (c) 136. (d)
61. (a) 62. (c) 63. (c) 64. (d) 137. (b) 138. (a) 139. (a) 140. (c)
65. (d) 66. (d) 67. (c) 68. (b) 141. (d) 142. (b) 143. (b) 144. (d)
69. (c) 70. (d) 71. (c) 72. (a) 145. (a) 146. (c) 147. (c) 148. (b)
73. (d) 74. (b) 75. (d) 76. (a) 149. (b) 150. (d)
228 ANSWER KEY

Exercise - 2: Previous Year Questions Exercise - 3: Achiever’s section

DIRECTIONS FOR USE- DIRECTIONS FOR USE-

Scan the QR code and check detailed solutions. Scan the QR code and check detailed solutions.

1. (c) 2. (a) 3. (d) 4. (a) 1. (c) 2. (a) 3. (c) 4. (b)

5. (b) 6. (d) 7. (d) 8. (a) 5. (d) 6. (b) 7. (b) 8. (d)
9. (c) 10. (c) 11. (a) 12. (d) 9. (a) 10. (b) 11. (c) 12. (c)
13. (d) 14. (a) 15. (a) 16. (a) 13. (c) 14. (b) 15. (a) 16. (d)
17. (c) 18. (c) 19. (a) 20. (d) 17. (c) 18. (a) 19. (b) 20. (b)
21. (b) 22. (d) 23. (b) 24. (a) 21. (c) 22. (b) 23. (a) 24. (a)
25. (c) 26. (d) 27. (b) 28. (b)
25. (c) 26. (e) 27. (b) 28. (a)
29. (a) 30. (b) 31. (c) 32. (b)
29. (e) 30. (a)
33. (c) 34. (a) 35. (d) 36. (d)
37. (b) 38. (a) 39. (c) 40. (d)
41. (c) 42. (a) 43. (a) 44. (d)
45. (d) 46. (d) 47. (b) 48. (a)
49. (c) 50. (c)