A

MICRO PROJECT REPORT ON

“ Shell Script in Linux/Unix ”

Program & Program code : CO-5-I

Course : Operating Systems

Course code : 22516

Submitted by

Name of students Enrollment No Program

1. Manoj Hanumant Waghmare 2214640040 CO -5-I
2. Sandhya Hanumant Waghmare 2214640050 CO -5-I
Under the Guidance of

Prof.
In partial fulfillment of requirement for the award of
Diploma in Computer Engineering

MSBTE, Mumbai.

Academic Year: 2024-25

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING

S.S.M. ADSUL POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE,
CHAS, AHMEDNAGAR-414 005(M.S)
 DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING

S.S.M. ADSUL POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE,

CHAS, AHMEDNAGAR-414 005(M.S)

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the micro project report entitled

“Shell Script in Linux/Unix”

Submitted by

Name of student Enrollment No program

1. Manoj Hanumant Waghmare 2214640040 CO-5-I

2. Sandhya Hanumant Waghmare 2214640050 CO-5-I

of semester V institute, Sau. Sundarabai Manik Adsul Polytechnic, Chas, Ahmednagar (code:
1464) has completed the micro project satisfactorily in course (22516) for the Academic year
2024-25as prescribed in the MSBTE curriculum.

Place: Ahmednagar
Date: / /2024.

Prof. Prof. Hole P.P. Prof. Gadakh.R.S

(Micro Project guide) (Head of Dept.) (Principal)

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I take this opportunity to acknowledge the constant encouragement and continuous help given to
me by my guide I convey my sincere thanks to his valuable timely suggestion. I would also like
to thanks principal Prof. Gadakh R.S. and Head of Computer Department Prof. Hole.P.P I would
also like to thank teaching staff of Computer Department for helping us to achieve this goal.
I am also thankful to those who directly or indirectly helped me for completing this micro
project. I would like to thank my parents without whose supports; the completion of the micro
project would not have been possible.
Sr. No Name of Topic Page No

1.0 Aims/Benefits of the micro project 1

2.0 Course outcome addressed 1

3.0 Proposed methodology 1

4.0 Action Plan 1

5.0 Resources used 2

 ANNEXURE-I

A MICRO PROJECT ON

" SHELL SCRIPT IN LINUX/UNIX"

1.0 Aims/Benefits of the micro project

An Operating System is basically a system program that controls the execution of application programs
and acts as an interface between applications and the computer hardware. It manages the computer
system resources to be used in an efficient manner. This course enables one to learn the internal
functioning of operating systems and will help in identifying appropriate Operating Systems for given
applications/tasks. This course is also a prerequisite for the group of courses included in the 'Cloud
Infrastructure Maintenance' Elective group.

2.0 Course outcome addressed.

b. Use operating system tools to perform various functions.

c. Execute process commands for performing process management operations,

d. Apply scheduling algorithms to calculate turnaround time and average waiting time.

e. Calculate the efficiency of different memory management techniques.

f. Apply file management techniques.

3.0 Proposed methodology

In this project, we get information about shell scripting in Linux/Unix.

4.0 Action Plan

Pla
Detail n Plan Name of
Sr.
of star finis responsibl
N
activit t h e team
o.
y dat date members
e

discuss the
1 project with the
project guide

2 collect
information
 from the
internet and
textbook

Collect
information
from the OSY
3
Operating
Systems 22516
reference book

Arrange all
4 information in
ms word

Prepare a report
5 on it using MS
word

print micro
6
project

5.0 Resources used

Sr. no. Name of resource material Specifications Quantity

1 computer Windows 10 1

2 Internet Youtube / Wikipedia

1
3 textbook/manual OSY Operating Systems 22516
 ANNEXURE-II
Micro-Project Report

A MICRO PROJECT ON "Shell Script in Linux/Unix”

1.0 Brief Introduction

Shell Scripting is an open-source computer program run by the Unix/Linux shell. Shell Scripting is a program to
write a series of commands for the shell to run. It can combine lengthy and repetitive sequences of commands
into a single and simple script that can be kept and run anytime which, decreases programming efforts.

This Shell Scripting tutorial aids in learning a basic understanding of the Linux/Unix shell scripting program to
develop concepts of Shell Scripting. This Shell Script tutorial is designed for newbies and professionals who
want to learn What is Shell Scripting? How shell scripting works, types of shell, and more.

What is Shell?

Shell is a UNIX term for an interface between a user and an operating system service. Shell delivers users with
an interface and receives human-readable commands into the system and performs those commands which
can run automatically and give the program’s output in a shell script.

An Operating is created of many components, but its two prime components are –

 Kernel

 Shell

A Kernel is at the heart of a computer. It completes the communication between the hardware and software
possible. While the Kernel is the innermost part of an operating system, a shells the outermost one.
  Types of Shell

There are two main shells in Linux:

1. The Bourne Shell: The prompt for this shell is $ and its derivatives are listed below:

 POSIX shell also is known as sh

 Korn Shell also known as sh

 Bourne Again SHell also known as bash (most popular)

2. The C shell: The prompt for this shell is %, and its subcategories are:

 C shell also is known as csh

 Tops C shell also is known as tcsh

Steps to Write Shell Script in Linux/Unix

Shell Scripts are written utilizing text editors. On your Linux system, open a text editor program, open a new file to
begin typing a shell script or shell programming, then give the shell permission to complete your shell script and put
your script at the location from where the shell can locate it.

Let us understand the steps in making a Shell Script:

1. Create a file utilizing a vi editor(or any other editor). Name script file with extension .sh

2. Start the script with #! /bin/sh

3. Write some code.

4. Save the script file as filename.sh

5. For running the script type bash filename.sh

“#!” is an operator named shebang which directs the script to the interpreter's location. So, if we use”#! /bin/sh”
the script gets directed to the bourne-shell.

Let’s create a small script –

*#!/bin/ah la

steps to create Shell Script Programs in Linux/Un

Command ‘ls’ is run when we complete the scrip sample.sh file.

Adding shell comments

Commenting is important in any program. In Shell programming, the syntax to add a comment is

*#comment

What are Shell Variables?

Variables store data in the form of characters and numbers. Likewise, Shell variables are utilized to store
information and they can be by the shell only.

For example, the following creates a shell variable and then prints it:

variable ="Hello"

echo $variable
Below is a small script that will use a variable.

#!/bin/sh

echo "what is your name?"

read name

echo "How do you do, $name?"

read remark

echo "I am $remark too!"

The steps to create and execute the script

As you see, the program determined the value of the variable ‘name’ as Joy and ‘remark’ as excellent. This is a
simple script. You can create advanced scripts which contain conditional statements, loops, and functions. Shell
scripting will make your life easy and Linux administration a breeze.

Summary:
  The kernel is the heart of the operating systems, and it communicates between hardware and software

 Shell is a program that interprets user commands through CLI like Terminal

 The Bourne shell and the C shell are the most used shells in Linux

 Linux Shell scripting is writing a series of commands for the shell to execute

 Shell variables store the value of a string or a number for the shell to read

 Shell scripting in Linux can help you make complex programs containing conditional statements, loops,
and functions

 Basic Shell Scripting Commands in Linux: cat, more, less, head, tail, mkdir, cp, mv, rm, touch, grep, sort,
wc, cut, and, more.

 2.0 Actual Resources Use

Sr. no. Name of resource material Specifications Quantity

1 computer Windows 10 1

2 Internet Youtube/geek for geeks

3 textbook/manual OSY Operating Systems 22516 1

 3.0 Outputs of the Micro-Project

 In this project, we successfully get information about the shell scripting in Linux/Unix. TECHNOLOGIES

 4.0 Skill Developed / Learning outcomes of this Micro-Project

1. Increase knowledge about shell scripting in Linux/Unix.

2. Experience teamwork

3. Increase communication skill

4. Know about shell scripting in Linux/Unix.

Conclusion

A shell script is a text file that includes a sequence of commands for a UNIX-based operating system. It is called a
shell script because it combines a sequence of commands, that would otherwise have to be typed into the
keyboard one at a time, into a single script.
 ANNEXURE II
Evolution Sheet for the Micro Project

Academic Year : 2024-25 Name of Faculty : Prof.

Course : OSY Course Code : 22516 Semester : 5th

Title of the Project : “Shell Script in Linux/Unix”

(A) COs addressed by the Micro Project:

A: CO1: Demonstrate proficiency in using shell commands to perform file and
directory
operations.
CO2: Develop and execute shell scripts to automate routine tasks and
processes.

Major learning outcomes achieved by students by doing the Project: (a)Practical

outcomes:

1. Proficiency in Command-Line Operations: Students will gain hands-on

experience with

fundamental shell commands and their applications for managing files,

directories, and

processes in a Unix/Linux environment.

(b) Unit outcomes in Cognitive domain:

Unit 1: Understand the basics of shell environments and command-line interfaces.

Unit 2: Create and modify shell scripts to manage files, directories, and processes.
 (c) Outcomes in Affective Domain: Awareness: Develop an appreciation for the role of
shell scripting in automating and simplifying system administration tasks.

Comments/Suggestion about team work/leadership/inter-personal communication

(if any)
Marks out of 4 for
Marks out of 6 for Total
Roll performance in oral/
Student Name performance(D5 out of
No. presentation (D5
Col. 8) 10
Col.9)
1 Manoj Hanumant Waghmare
2 Sandhya Hanumant Waghmare

(Name & Signature of Faculty)