Agriculfure
and
allied sectors
If you ate today,
thank a farmer.
The word agriculture is derived from Latin words ager or agri
meaning soil and culture meaning, culfivation.
Agriculture is a primary activity.
I t includes growing crops, fruits, vegetables, flowers and rearing
of livestock
-Agriculture
The science and art of cultivation on the soil, raising crops and rearing
livestock. lt is also called farming.
Sericulture
Commercial rearing of silk worms. It may supplement the income of the
farmer
-Pisciculture
Breeding of fish in specially constructed tanks and ponds.
-Viticulture
Cultivation of grapes
Apiculture
Apiculture is the scientific method of rearing honeybees.
-Silviculfure
Silviculture is the practice of controling the growth, composition/structure, and
quality of forests to meet values and needs, specifically timber production.
Harvesting
Stond tending Kegeneroon
Horticulture
Growing vegetables, flowers and fruits for commercial use
From farm to dining table
Preparafion of soil
Crop Production and Management> Preparation of soil and sowing
The first step of crop cultivation is the preparation of soil
Turning and loosening of soil brings the nutrient rich soil to
the top so that plants can use these nutrients
Preparation of the soil is the first step before growing of the
crop.
-It helps to turn the soil and loosen it to allow the roots to
penetrate deep into it.
-The loosening of the soil helps in the growth of several soil
microbes, earthworms etc., which enrich the soil with humus
and other essential nutrients.
The process of turning and loosening is called ploughing. This is
done using a plough, hoe and cultivators.
Seeds
seed dils or funnel shaped tools
Sowing
Sowing is the process of putting the seeds into the soil for
growing crops.
-We need to use quality seeds for sowing.
-Sowing is done manually using mechanical equipmentlike Seed
Drill.
Seeds of few plants like rice are first grown in a separate area
and then transplanted in the fields.
Irrigafion
Irigation is the artificial application of water to the soil or
agricultural field.
PIt is the replacement or supplementation of rainwater with
another source of water.
I t is used in dry areas and during periods of inadequate
rainfall.
-Well and Tube Wel Irigation, Canal Irrigation, Tank Irrigation
Micro irrigation
Sprinkler irigation and drip irrigation are the commonly used
micro-irigation methods.
Micro-irigation technology ensures water use efficiency as much
as 50-90%.
-This can be achieved due to the fact that micro-irigation helps to
reduce conveyance losses, runoff, evaporation losses, seepage
and deep percolation losses significantly.
Fertilizer
any material of natural orsynthetic origin that is applied to soil or
to plant tissues to supply plant nutrients.
Many sources of fertilizer exist, both natural and industrially
produced.
For most modern agricultural practices, fertilization focuses on
three main macro nutrients: Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), and
Potassium (K) with occasional addition of supplements like rock
dust for micronutrients.
Organic Fertilizer
Organic fertilizers are naturally available mineral sources that
contain moderate amount of plant essential nutrients.
-They are capable of mitigating problems associated with
synthetic fertilizers.
Manure for the garden comes from cow, sheep. poultry and
horses.
Weedicide
Weedicides are chemicals that are sprayed over the fields to get
rid of weeds.
Weeds are those plants that grow in between the crops.
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Harvesting
Harvesting is the operation of gathering the useful part or parts
of the plant and is carried out at the time when all the nutrients
have developed and the edible pats have reached thhe
appropriate degree of maturity.
storage
Storage means the phase of the post-harvest system during
which the products are kept in such a way as to guarantee
food security other than during periods of agricultural
production.
a t the marketing level, to balance the supply and demand of
agricultural products, thereby stabilizing market prices.
Transport
-Good transport system is critically important to competent
agricultural marketing.
food produced at farm location is transported to different
homes as well as markets.
Market
Agricultural marketing comprising of all activities involved in
Supply of farm inputs to the farmers and movement of
agricultural products from the farms to the consumers.
Dining table
