All Important Mechanical Engineering Technical Interview Questions &
Answers covering all the subjects, Important for Viva Exams & Job
Interviews.
Mechanical Engineering Technical Interview
Contents:
Subjects Page No.
1. Design of Machine Elements - Basic 3-7
2. Design of Machine Elements: Springs 8 - 13
3. Design of Machine Elements: Shafts, Keys, Bolts, Nuts, 14 - 20
Screws, Fasteners, Bearings, Flywheel & Governor
4. Design, Strength of Materials, Kinematics of Machine, 21 - 33
Manufacturing Process, Engineering Mechanics &
Mechanical Vibrations
5. Fluid Mechanics & Fluid Machinery: Turbine, Boiler, 34 - 47
compressor, Pumps, Bearings Etc…
6. Steam Turbine 48 - 73
7. All Subjects: Mechanical Engineering 74 - 121
(Thermodynamics, Refrigeration & Air-conditioning,
Heat & Mass Transfer, Automobile Engineering, I.C
Engine, Power plant Engg & all….)
8. Piping Engineering 122 - 138
Basic Machine Design
Design of Machine Elements: Basic
Question No.01
Define Ductility.
Answer: It is the property of the material enabling it to be drawn into wire, with the application of
tensile force. It must be both strong and plastic. It is usually measured in terms of percentage
elongation and reduction in area, (e.g.) Ni, Al, and Cu.
Question No.02
Define fatigue.
Answer: When a material is subjected to repeated stress, it fails at stresses below the yield point
stress; such type of failure of the material is called fatigue.
Question No.03
Define: Factor of safety.
Answer: The ratio between maximum stresses to working stress is known as factor of safety.
Factor of safety = Maximum stress /Working stress
Question No.04
Define endurance limit.
Answer: Endurance limit is the maximum value of completely reversed stress that the standard
specimen can sustain an infinite number (106) of cycles without failure.
Question No.05
What is impact load?
Answer: If the time of load application is less than one third of the lowest natural period of vibration
of the part, it is called an impact load.
Question No.06
What are the various phases of design process?
Answer: The various phases of design process are:
1. Recognition of need.
2. Definition of problem
3. Synthesis
4. Analysis and optimization
5. Evaluation
6. Presentation
Question No.07
What is the use of Goodman & Soderberg diagrams?
Answer: They are used to solve the problems of variable stresses.
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All Subjects: Mechanical Engineering
All Subjects: Mechanical Engineering
Question No. 01
State all the laws of Thermodynamics?
Answer:
Generally thermodynamics contains four laws;
(A) Zeroth law: deals with thermal equilibrium and establishes a concept of temperature.
(B) First law: throws light on concept of internal energy.
(C) Second law: indicates the limit of converting heat into work and introduces the principle of
increase of entropy.
(D) Third law: defines the absolute zero of entropy.
Question No. 02
Explain Second Law of Thermodynamics?
Answer: The entropy of the universe increases over time and moves towards a maximum value.
Question No. 03
What are the names given to constant temperature, constant pressure, constant volume, constant
internal energy, constant enthalpy, and constant entropy processes?
Answer: Isothermal, isochoric, isobaric, free expression, throttling and adiabatic processes
respectively.
Question No. 04
Compare Brayton Cycle and Otto Cycle?
Answer:
(A) The heat addition and rejection processes in Otto cycle are of constant volume, whereas in
Brayton cycle, they are of constant pressure.
(B) Otto cycle is the ideal cycle for spark ignition engines and Brayton cycle is the ideal cycle for
gas power turbines.
Question No. 05
What is the importance of Thermodynamics?
Answer: All the mechanical engineering systems are studied with the help of thermodynamics.
Hence it is very important for the mechanical engineers.
Question No. 06
How to Measure Temperature in Wet Bulb Thermometer?
Answer: Wet bulb temperature is measured in a wet bulb thermometer by covering the bulb with a
wick and wetting it with water. It corresponds to the dew point temperature and relative humidity.
Question No. 07
Why entropy change for a reversible adiabatic process is zero?
Answer: Because there is no heat transfer in this process.
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All Subjects: Mechanical Engineering
Question No. 08
What is the difference between scavenging and supercharging?
Answer: Scavenging is process of flushing out burnt gases from engine cylinder by introducing fresh
air in the cylinder before exhaust stroke ends. Supercharging is the process of supplying higher mass
of air by compressing the atmospheric air.
Question No. 09
In a Rankine cycle if maximum steam pressure is increased keeping steam temperature and
condenser pressure same, what will happen to dryness fraction of steam after expansion?
Answer: It will decrease.
Question No. 10
What is the purpose of Scrapper Ring?
Answer: scraps the excess lube oil from the cylinder walls. There by preventing oil from entering
combustion zone.
Question No. 11
What are two essential conditions of perfect gas?
Answer: It satisfies equation of state and its specific heats are constant.
Question No. 12
Enthalpy and entropy are functions of one single parameter. Which is that?
Answer: Temperature.
Question No. 13
What is DTSI Technology?
Answer: DTSI stands for Digital Twin Spark Plug Ignition. The vehicles with DTSI Technology use 2
spark plugs which are controlled by digital circuit. It results in efficient combustion of air fuel
mixture.
Digital - Since the spark generation will be initiated by a microchip.
Twin - Since two spark plugs will be used.
Spark ignition - Since the ignition will be done via a spark.
Question No. 14
Why rate of condensation is higher on a polished surface compared to rusty surface?
Answer: Polished surface promotes drop wise condensation and does not wet the surface.
Question No. 15
How much resistance is offered to heat flow by drop wise condensation?
Answer: No resistance offered.
Question No. 16
Why Entropy decreases with increase in temperature?
Answer: ds = dQ/T, i.e. Entropy is inversely proportional to the temperature. So, as temperature
Increases, entropy decreases.
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All Subjects: Mechanical Engineering
Question No. 17
What is the relationship between COP of heating and cooling?
Answer: COP of heating is one (unity) more than COP of cooling.
Question No. 244
What is the difference between hydraulic oil and engine oil?
Answer: Both the hydraulic and engine oils are made from base oils with additives mixed in. The
additives used change the characteristics of the oils so that they function differently. Generally,
hydraulic oils (final product including additives) are expected to have very low compressibility and
very predictable friction and viscosity stability under pressure. Generally engine oils (Engine
Lubrication Oils anyway) are intended to have high resistance to heat (degradation including
chemical and viscosity due to heat) resistance to burning and resistance to absorption of fuels and
chemical compounds produced during combustion. Both classes of oils are likely to have additives
intended to provide detergency and to reduce foaming.
Base oils are most commonly petroleum oil bases due to cost, but other bases oil can be used
including mineral oils (especially for hydraulic oils) and plant oils (especially for engine oils) and oils
from animal sources.
Question No. 273
What is heat treatment and why is it done?
Answer: Heat treatment can be defined as a combination of processes or operations in which the
heating and cooling of a metal or alloy is done in order to obtain desirable characteristics without
changing the compositions. Some of the motives or purpose of heat treatment are as follows:
1. In order to improve the hardness of metals.
2. For the softening of the metal.
3. In order to improve the machinability of the metal.
4. To change the grain size.
5. To provide better resistance to heat, corrosion, wear etc.
Heat treatment is generally performed in the following ways:
1. Normalizing
2. Annealing
3. Spheroidising.
4. Hardening
5. Tempering
6. Surface or case hardening
Question No. 274
What are the rules that must be kept in mind while designing castings?
Answer: Some of the points that must be kept in mind during the process of cast designing are as
follows:
1. To avoid the concentration of stresses sharp corners and frequent use of fillets should be
avoided.
2. Section thicknesses should be uniform as much as possible. For variations it must be done
gradually.
3. Abrupt changes in the thickness should be avoided at all costs.
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All Subjects: Mechanical Engineering
4. Simplicity is the key; the casting should be designed as simple as possible.
5. It is difficult to create true large spaces and henceforth large flat surfaces must be avoided.
6. Webs and ribs used for stiffening in castings should as minimal as possible.
7. Curved shapes can be used in order to improve the stress handling of the cast.
Question No. 275
What are the points that should be kept in mind during forging design?
Answer: Some of the points that should be followed while forging design are:
1. A radial flow of grains or fibres must be achieved in the forged components.
2. The forged items such as drop and press forgings should have a parting line that should
divide the forging into two equal halves.
3. The ribs in a forging should not be high or thin.
4. In order to avoid increased die wear the pockets and recesses in forgings should be
minimum
5. In forgings the parting line of it should lie as far as possible in a single plane.
6. For ease of forging and easy removal of forgings the surfaces of the metal should contain
sufficient drafts.
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