Paper 3
Psychology
Section A: Clinical Psychology
Answer all questions
1. Sarah is always thinking about germs. At work she eats lunch alone as she believes this
will protect her colleagues. She always washes her hands for 15 minutes in very hot
water. She feels better after this, but after 45 minutes she wants to wash again. When
Sarah gets home, she washes her clothing, shoes and coat. One day, when Sarah had sat
next to a colleague, she could not sleep that night as she was convinced that he would get
ill. Explain how Sarah meets the diagnostic criteria for obsessive-compulsive disorder
(OCD). [4]
2. (a) Outline what is meant by the determinism versus free-will debate. [2]
(b) Explain one strength of applying the determinism side of the determinism versus
free-will debate to the biochemical explanation for depressive disorder (unipolar). [2]
3. Olivia has bipolar disorder and is receiving cognitive restructuring as therapy. In her first
session she said: ‘My life used to be 100% perfect! I had an amazing job and friends. I
stayed up one night to research an expensive holiday. Recently everything has changed. I
am not working and have no energy. No one likes me, not even my family, as I am not
fun to be with. I have cancelled the holiday. Why does this keep happening to me? I feel
amazing for a while and then it all changes and I am depressed again.’
(a) Suggest how cognitive restructuring can help Olivia with both her depressive and
manic episodes. [4]
(b) Explain one strength of using cognitive restructuring therapy with Olivia. [2]
4. (a) Describe electro-convulsive therapy (ECT) and cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT)
for the treatment and management of schizophrenia. [6]
(b) Evaluate ECT and CBT for the treatment and management of schizophrenia,
including a discussion about the idiographic versus nomothetic approach. Evaluation in
your answer can include strengths, weaknesses and a discussion of issues and debates.
[10]
Section B: Consumer Psychology
Answer all questions
5. A pizza restaurant is redesigning its menu to encourage more purchases of mushroom
pizza. Suggest two menu design features that could help to sell more mushroom pizzas.
(a) Outline what is meant by ‘individual and situational explanations’. [4]
(b) Explain one reason why ‘overload’ in relation to personal space supports the
situational side of the debate about individual and situational explanations. [2]
6. Customers at a supermarket frequently purchase one tin of tomatoes at a time. The
manager of the supermarket wants to encourage customers to buy multiple tins of
tomatoes.
(a) Suggest one way the manager could use her understanding of ‘point of purchase
decisions’ to encourage customers to purchase multiple tins of tomatoes. [2]
(b) (i) For the suggestion you gave in part (a):
Explain how this could change the customers’ thinking so that they purchase multiple tins
of tomatoes. [2]
7. Customers at a supermarket frequently purchase one tin of tomatoes at a time. The
manager of the supermarket wants to encourage customers to buy multiple tins of
tomatoes.
(a) Suggest one way the manager could use her understanding of ‘point of purchase
decisions’ to encourage customers to purchase multiple tins of tomatoes. [2]
(b) (i) For the suggestion you gave in part (a):
Explain how this could change the customers’ thinking so that they purchase multiple tins
of tomatoes. [2]
(ii) For the suggestion you gave in part (a): Explain one problem with this suggestion. [2]
8. (a) Describe the study by North et al. (2003) on musical style and restaurant customers’
spending. [6]
(b) Evaluate this study by North et al., including a discussion about ecological validity.
Evaluation in your answer can include strengths, weaknesses and a discussion of issues
and debates. [10]
Section C: Health Psychology
Answer all questions
9. People who experience chest pains sometimes delay seeking treatment from health
services and need to be encouraged to seek treatment as quickly as possible. Suggest two
ways that these people could be encouraged to seek treatment quickly, using your
understanding of reasons for delay. [4]
10.(a) Outline one example of a sample of children used in a study of healthy eating. [2]
(b) Explain one reason why it is important to use children in psychological research on
healthy eating. [2]
11.Mr Sharma is a teacher in a school who is concerned that his students are not washing
their hands correctly.
(a) Suggest how Mr Sharma could use fear arousal to encourage his students to wash
their hands correctly. Your answer must be ethical. [4]
(b) Explain one practical problem that Mr Sharma might have with implementing what
you have suggested in part (a). [2]
12.(a) Describe what psychologists have discovered about:
- biofeedback to manage stress, and
- stress inoculation training to prevent stress.
(b) Evaluate what psychologists have discovered about:
- biofeedback to manage stress, and
- stress inoculation training to prevent stress,
including a discussion about determinism versus free-will. [6]
Evaluation in your answer can include strengths, weaknesses and a discussion of issues
and debates. [10]
Section D: Organizational Psychology
Answer all questions
13.Yash is the sales manager of a chocolate company that sells chocolate online. He wants to
expand their sales into grocery stores within the next month. Suggest a SMART goal
Yash can set for his sales team to expand their sales into grocery stores within the next
month. [4]
14.(a) Outline what is meant by the nomothetic approach, including an example from Deci
and Ryan’s self-determination theory of motivation. [2]
(b) Explain one strength of using a nomothetic approach to understand motivation at
work, using Deci and Ryan’s theory as an example. [2]
15.(a) Samir is a manager in a bicycle factory. He has noticed several acts of sabotage, for
example, some of his workers have been leaving the factory before their shift has finished
without permission. Samir has also seen one employee putting some bicycle parts
belonging to the factory into their car.
(i) Using your knowledge of the study by Giacalone and Rosenfeld (1987):
Outline one reason that a worker at Samir’s factory could give for one of these acts of
sabotage. [2]
(ii) Suggest one way that Samir could reduce sabotage at his factory. [2]
(b) Explain one weakness for the way to reduce sabotage that you have suggested in part
(a) (ii).
16.(a) Describe what psychologists have discovered about:
- Kouzes and Posner’s Leadership Practices Inventory, and
- Kelley’s five followership styles.
(b) Evaluate what psychologists have discovered about:
- Kouzes and Posner’s Leadership Practices Inventory, and
- Kelley’s five followership styles,
including a discussion about psychometrics. [6]
Evaluation in your answer can include strengths, weaknesses and a discussion of issues
and debates. [10]
