LOYOLA INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL
QATAR
Academic Session: 2024 -2025
Science (Chemistry) QB 2
NAME: ____________________________________________________________
CLASS: X
LESSON/TOPIC: CH-1Chemical reactions and equations
Extra Questions for Class 10 Science Chapter 1 Short Answer Type II
Question 1.
What is corrosion? State conditions necessary for rusting of iron. How is rusting
harmful? [NCERT Exemplar]
Answer:
Corrosion. The process of eating away of the metal surface by the action of
atmospheric reagents like water, oxygen and acids changing the metal into its
compound is called corrosion.
Rusting of iron. When iron objects are exposed to atmosphere, they are attacked by
air and moisture (water) of the atmosphere and a brown and orange coloured layer
is formed on the surface. It is called rust which is mainly hydrated iron (III) oxide
Fe2O3. xH2O.
Harmful effect of rusting. Hydrated iron (III) oxide is a brittle substance and falls off
from the surface of iron and thus the object is damaged. Holes, cavities and
roughness of surfaces are the result of rusting of an iron object.
Conditions necessary for rusting:
• Open surface of the metal
• Presence of air (oxygen)
• Presence of moisture (water).
Question 2.
The gases hydrogen and chlorine do not react with each other even if kept together
for a long time. However, in the presence of sunlight, they readily combine. What
actually happens? [NCERT Exemplar]
Answer:
In chemical reactions, energy is needed to break the bonds present in the reacting
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molecules so that they may combine to form the products. In this reaction, sunlight
is the source of energy in the form of photons. The energy made available by
sunlight helps in breaking the bonds and this leads to chemical reaction between
hydrogen and chlorine.
Question 3.
Write the balanced chemical equations for the following reactions and identify the
type of reaction in each case.
(a) Thermite reaction, iron (III) oxide reacts with aluminium and gives molten iron
and aluminium oxide.
(b) Magnesium ribbon is burnt in an atmosphere of nitrogen gas to form solid
magnesium nitride.
(c) Chlorine gas is passed in an aqueous potassium iodide solution to form
potassium chloride solution and solid iodine.
(d) Ethanol is burnt in air to form carbon dioxide, water and releases heat. [NCERT
Exemplar]
Answer:
The balanced equations are as under:
(a) Fe2O3 (s) + 2Al (s) → 2Fe (l) + Al2O3 (s) + Heat
It is a redox reaction / displacement reaction.
(b) 3Mg (s) + N2 (g) → Mg3N2 (s)
It is a combination reaction as well as redox reaction.
(c) Cl2 (g) + 2KI (aq) → 2KCl (aq) + I2 (s)
It is a displacement reaction as well as redox reaction.
(d) C2H5OH (l) + 3O2 (g) → 2CO2 (g) + 3H2O (l) + Heat
Redox reaction/combustion reaction
Question 4.
What is rancidity? Write the common method to prevent it.
Answer:
When food item are kept unprotected for some time, their smell and taste changes.
This process is called rancidity. Actually, the microorganisms oxidise the fat and oils
present in them. So oxidation of food items need to be prevented to protect them.
Common methods to prevent rancidity of food item:
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• Keeping the food at low temperature.
• Keeping food item in air tight containers.
• By filling nitrogen in the food storage bags.
Question 5.
(a) What happens chemically when quick lime is added to water?
(b) Write the chemical equation in balanced form.
MnO2 + HCl → MnCl2 + Cl2 + H2O
(c) What is decomposition reaction? Explain it with a suitable example.
Answer:
(a) When quick lime (CaO) is added to water, slaked lime Ca(OH)2 is formed. The
reaction is highly exothermic in nature.
(b) The balanced chemical equation is:
MnO2 + 4HCl → MnCl2 + 2H2O + Cl2
(c) Decomposition reaction is a chemical reaction in which a single substance splits
or breaks into two or more substances under suitable conditions. For example,
2FeSO4(s) → Fe2O3(s) + SO2(g) + SO3 (g)
Question 6.
Identify the oxidising agent (oxidant) in the following reactions:
(a) Pb3O4 + 8HCl → 3PbCl2 + Cl2 + 4H2O
(b) 2Mg + O2 → 2MgO
(c) CuSO4 + Zn → Cu + ZnSO4
(d) V2O5 + 5Ca → 2V + 5CaO
(e) 3Fe + 4H2O → Fe3O4 + 4H2
(f) CuO + H2 → Cu + H2O [NCERT Exemplar]
Answer:
(a) Pb3O4
(b) O2
(c) CuSO4
(d) V2O5
(e) 4H2O
(f) CuO
Question 7.
Write the balanced chemical equations for the following reactions: [NCERT
Exemplar]
(a) Sodium carbonate on reaction with hydrochloric acid in equal molar
concentrations gives sodium chloride and sodium hydrogencarbonate.
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(b) Sodium hydrogencarbonate on reaction with hydrochloric acid gives sodium
chloride, water and liberates carbon dioxide.
(c) Copper sulphate on treatment with potassium iodide precipitates cuprous iodide
(Cu2I2), liberates iodine gas and also forms potassium sulphate.
Answer:
(a) Na2CO3 + HCl → NaCl + NaHCO3
(b) NaHCO3 + HCl → NaCl + H2O + CO2
(c) 2CUSO4 + 4KI → 2K2SO4 + Cu2I2 + I2
Question 8.
Write chemical equations for the reactions taking place when:
(i) Iron reacts with steam
(ii) Magnesium reacts with dilute HCl
(iii) Copper is heated in air
Answer:
Question 9.
fialance the following chemical equations and identify the type of chemical reaction.
(a) Mg (s) + Cl2 (g) → MgCl2 (s)
(d) TiCl4 (l) + Mg (s) → Ti (s) + MgCl2 (s)
(e) CaO (s) + SiO2 (s) → CaSiO3 (s)
[NCERT Exemplar]
Answer:
The chemical equation in their balanced form may be written as follows:
(a) Mg (s) + Cl2 (g) → MgCl2 (s), Combination reaction
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(d) TiCl4 (l) + 2Mg (s) → Ti (s) + 2MgCl2 (s); Displacement reaction
(e) CaO (s) + SiO2 (s) → CaSiO3 (s); Combination reaction
Question 10.
A silver article generally turns black when kept in the open for a few days. The
article when rubbed with toothpaste again starts shining.
(a) Why do silver articles turn black when kept in the open for a few days? Name the
phenomenon involved.
(b) Name the black substance formed and give its chemical formula. [NCERT
Exemplar]
Answer:
(a) Silver articles turn black when kept in the air for a few days because H2S gas
present in the air attacks silver forming a coating of black silver sulphide. The
phenomenon is called corrosion.
(b) Black substance formed is silver sulphide (Ag2S)
2Ag (s) + H2S (g) → Ag2S (s) + H2 (g).
Question 11.
Which among the following are physical or chemical changes?
(a) Evaporation of petrol
(b) Burning of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)
(c) Heating of an iron rod to red hot
(d) Curdling of milk
(e) Sublimation of solid ammonium chloride [NCERT Exemplar]
Answer:
(a) Physical change
(b) Chemical change
(c) Physical change
(d) Chemical change
(e) Physical change
Extra Questions for Class 10 Science Chapter 1 Long Answer Type
Question 1.
Balance the following equations:
(a) Bacl2 + H2SO4 → BaSO4 + HCl
(b) CH4 + O2 → CO2 + H2O
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Answer:
(a) Bacl2 + H2SO4 → BaSO4 + 2HCl
(b) CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O
Question 2.
On heating blue coloured powder of copper (II) nitrate in a boiling tube, copper
oxide (black), oxygen gas and a brown gas X is formed.
(а) Write a balanced chemical equation of the reaction.
(b) Identify the brown gas X evolved.
(c) Identify the type of reaction.
(d) What could be the pH range of aqueous solution of the gas X? [NCERT Exemplar]
Answer:
(b) Brown gas X is nitrogen dioxide (NO2).
(c) It is a thermal decomposition reaction.
(d) The gas (NO2) is an oxide of a non-metal. Hence, its aqueous solution will be
acidic, i.e., pH range would be between 0 and 7.
Question 3.
(A) Name the type of chemical reaction represented by the following equation:
(c) Zn(s) + H2SO4(ag) → ZnSO4(aq) + H2(g)
(B) “A solution of potassium chloride when mixed with silver nitrate solution, and
an insoluble white substance is formed”. [CBSE 2010, 2012]
(i) Translate the above statement into a chemical equation.
(ii) State two types for the classification of this reaction.
Answer:
(A) (a) Decomposition reaction
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(b) Combination reaction
(c) Displacement reaction.
(B) (i) KCl (aq) + AgNO3 (aq) → AgCl (s) + KNO3 (aq)
(ii) It is a double displacement reaction also called precipitation reaction.
Question 4.
What happens when zinc granules are treated with dilute solution of H2SO4, HCl,
HNO3, NaCl and NaOH, also write the chemical equations if reaction occurs. [NCERT
Exemplar]
Answer:
Question 5.
(A) Write the balanced chemical equations for the following chemical reactions:
(i) Hydrogen + Chlorine → Hydrogen chloride
(ii) Lead + Copper chloride → Lead chloride + Copper
(iii) Zinc oxide + Carbon → Zinc + Carbon monoxide
(B) Write balanced chemical equations for the following reactions:
(a) Silver bromide on exposure to sunlight decomposes into silver and bromine.
(b) Sodium metal reacts with water to form sodium hydroxide and hydrogen gas.
Answer:
(A) (i) H2 + Cl2 → 2HCl
(ii) Pb + CuCl2 → PbCl2 + Cu
(iii) ZnO + C → Zn + CO
(B)
(b) 2Na + 2H2O→ 2NaOH + H2
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Question 6.
(a) Why cannot a chemical change be normally reversed?
(b) Why is it always essential to balance a chemical equation?
(c) What happens when CO2 gas is passed through lime water and why does it
disappear on passing excess CO2?
(d) Can rusting of iron takes place in distilled water?
Answer:
(a) In a chemical change some bonds are broken and some bonds are formed. The
products are quite different from the reactants. Therefore, it normally can’t be
reversed.
(b) A chemical equation has to be balanced to satisfy the law of conservation of
mass.
(c) On passing CO2 gas through lime water, it turns milky due to formation of
insoluble calcium carbonate which dissolves on passing excess CO2 due to formation
of soluble calcium bicarbonate.
Ca(OH)2 + CO2(g) → CaCO3(s) + H2O(l)
CaCO3(s) + H2O(l) + CO2(g) → Ca(HCO3)2 (soluble)
(d) No
Question 7.
What happens when a piece of
(a) zinc metal is added to copper sulphate solution?
(b) aluminium metal is added to dilute hydrochloric acid?
(c) silver metal is added to copper sulphate solution?
Also, write the balanced chemical equation if the reaction occurs. [NCERT
Exemplar]
Answer:
(a) Zinc is more reactive than copper. It displaces Cu from CuSO4 solution forming
colourless zinc sulphate. Thus, blue colour of CuSO4 solution starts fading and
ultimately blue colour disappears.
(b) Aluminium reacts with dilute HCl acid forming AlCl3 along with evolution of
bubbles of H2 gas.
(c) Silver is less reactive than copper. Hence, Ag cannot displace Cu from
CuSO4 solution. Thus, no reaction occurs.
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Question 8.
(A) A brown substance ‘X’ on heating in air forms a substance ‘Y’. When hydrogen
gas is passed over heated ‘Y’, it again changes back into ‘X’.
(i) Name the substances X and Y.
(ii) Name the chemical processes occurring during both the changes.
(iii) Write the chemical equations. [CBSE 2011]
(B) A metal is treated with dil. H2SO4. The gas evolved is collected by the method
shown in the figure. Answer the following:
(i) Name the gas.
(ii) Name the method of collection of the gas.
(iii) Is the gas soluble or insoluble in water?
(iv) Is the gas lighter or heavier than air?
Answer:
(A) (i) The substance X is copper and Y is copper (II) oxide or CuO.
(ii) The process of change of X into Y is oxidation. The process of change of Y into X
is reduction.
(iii) The chemical equations are:
(B) (i) The gas evolved is hydrogen.
(ii) The method of collection of the gas is the downward displacement of water.
(iii) The gas is insoluble in water. That is why, it can be collected over water.
(iv) The gas is lighter than air.
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