Erosion permitting crops is: For mitigating the stress of high temperature in
A. Maize wheat, we can spray:
B. Cowpea A. Insecticide
C. Moong B. Fungicide
D. Mash C. Potassium nitrate
D. Nematicide
The sowing method in which seed is
placed in the holes is known as:
Soil of the small earth dam used as water
A. Drilling
storage structure should be _____
B. Dibbling
A. Non porous
C. Broadcasting
B. Rich in organic matter
D. Transplanting
C. Sandy
D. Saline, alkaline or sodic
Most sensitive stage for irrigation in wheat
is:
Which is the part of water cycle:
A. CRI
A. Evaporation
B. Physiological maturity
B. Mulching
C. Booting
C. Drought
D. Grain formation
D. Conservation agriculture
In rainfed soils, compared to all other Which is not used to calculate aridity index?
nutrients, response of crops to nitrogen A. Precipitation
fertilizers is: B. Number of rainy days
A. Higher C. Evapotranspiration
B. Poor D. Temperature
C. Negligible
D. Similar to other nutrients Which kind of drought is not due to deficit
of water supply?
A. Apparent drought
B. Late season drought
Collection of runoff water of excess C. Terminal drought
rainfall and its further use for crop D. Physiological drought
production is called:
A. Runoff farming Which soil can hold least water?
B. Water harvesting A. Sand
C. Both A & B B. Silt
D. Rainfed farming C. Sandy loam
D. Clay
The highly drought resistant plant is:
Erosion resisting crop is: A. Wheat
A. Sorghum B. Maize
B. Groundnut C. Pearmillet
C. Bajra D. Cotton
D. Cotton
Second form of erosion is:
A. Sheet
B. Splash
C. Gully D. Heavy textured soils
D. Ravine
Cropping intensity of Punjab is:
Maximum rain in India is received through: A. 110%
A. North-east monsoon B. 130%
B. South-west monsoon C. 190%
C. Westerly disturbances D. 250%
D. Easterly disturbances
Wet weight of soil= 100 g, Oven dry weight =
80 g. Soil moisture content (%) on weight
basis will be:
Ephemerals have life cycle of ---- months: A. 10%.
A. 1-2 B. 15%
B. 5-6 C. 20%
C. 8-10 D. 25%
D. 10-12
Land area from which rainwater drains to a You have to apply only one irrigation to maize
common point is called as: and it should be applied at:
A. Land use A. CRI
B. Catchment B. Tasseling
C. Watershed management C. Grain formation
D. Land capability class D. Physiological maturity
The size of Milli watershed is------ thousand
Alley cropping includes growing of: hectare
A. Shrubs and crops A. 0.5-1.0
B. Tree crops B. 1-10
C. Bee-keeping C. 10-20
D. Flower crops D. 20-25
The dead furrow: Under drought conditions, sorghum plants
A. Decrease the infiltration opportunity synthesize dhurin in:
time A. Roots
B. Increase the infiltration opportunity B. Shoots
time C. Leaves
C. May increase of decrease the D. Inflorescence
infiltration opportunity time
D. Has no relation with infiltration Tillage in which some crop residue remains on
opportunity time the soil surface after the operation refers to:
A. Conventional Tillage
Which is the C4 plant: B. Secondary Tillage
A. Pearlmillet C. Primary Tillage
B. Wheat D. Conservation Tillage
C. Soybean
D. Cowpea A condition in which soil moisture is sufficient
to support low water requiring crops but not
for high water requiring crops is termed as:
Chances of crop failure are most common
A. Chronic drought
in ----- farming. B. Physiological drought
A. Dryland garming C. Mid season drought
B. Dry farming D. Apparent drought
C. Rainfed farming
Antitranspirants are not generally used, Central Arid Zone Research Institute is located
because: at:
A. They reduce photosynthesis A. Bikaner
B. They reduce evaporation B. Jodhpur
C. They are cheaper C. Jaipur
D. All the above D. Ajmer
What are the forms of erosion? Discuss their impact on crop production in light of
their severity of erosions.
What do you mean by plant adaptations? Explain the plant adaptations to water
deficit situations.
Discuss in detail about the effects of draught on physiological functions in plants.
Explain the moisture conservation practices in dryland agriculture. Also prepare the
suitable drawings.
Discuss in detail about the factors affecting watershed management?
Discuss the water cycle in detail with proper drawing.
Fill in the blanks:
1. When all the pores are filled with water the soil is said to be ______________________
2. Downward movement of water through the soil profile is known as___________________
3. Soil water potential at Field capacity is ____________________
4. Standard method for determining moisture content of soil is ________________
5. Application of fertilizer nutrients through irrigation is called _________________
6. Amount of water transpired by a crop to produce a unit quantity of dry matter is
_____________
7. Water in the soil moves from ______________ to ____________ potential.
8. Infiltration rate is _____________ in fine textured soils.
9. Water requirement of wheat crop is _______________ mm.
Encircle the correct options:
1. Sub surface irrigation is advantageous because
a. Low evaporation (b) Low wind problem (c) Both a & b (d) Low cost
2. The units used to express WUE is
(a) Kg/ha (b) Kg/ha mm (c) Kg / ha m (d) Kg ha cm
3. Osmotic potential of pure water is
(a) One (b) Zero (c) Between 0 & 1 (d) Less than zero
4. Which of the following shall be affected first under water stress condition
(a) Cell division & elongation (b) Photosynthesis (c) Transpiration (d) Protein
synthesis
5. Percentage of water used for metabolic process of the crop
(a) less than 1% (b) 10% (c) 5% (d) 20 %
6. Most sensitive stage of maize crop
(a) Tasselling (b) Silking (c) Both a & b (d) None of these
7. ET depends on
(a) Climate (b) Soil moisture (c) Both a & b (d) None of these
8. Consumptive use of water is equal to
(a) ET (b) Metabolic activity of plant (c) Both a & b (d) None of these
9. Most ancient and widely followed method of irrigation in India is
a. Surface (b) Sprinkler (c) Drip (d) None
10. Soil moisture measurement is important for
a. Scheduling irrigation (b) Estimation of quantity of water to be irrigated
(c) Both a & b (d) None of these
11. Which crop stage is most sensitive to water logging
(a) Seedling (b) Vegetative (c) Flowering (d) Maturity
Match the followings
A. Highest irrigation efficiency CUW+ application losses
B. Wheat Electrical conductivity
C. Tensiometer Rice
D. Salt content of irrigation water Trickle
E. Entry of water into soil Matric potential
F. Capillary and hygroscopic water -0.1 to -0.3 bar
G. Flooding Sprinkler
H. Undulated topography Crown root
I. PWP Infitration
True/ False:
1. Ground water is considered to be good if EC is 4 ds/m.
2. Hygroscopic water is held tightly and requires more force for availability to plants.
3. Field capacity is the lower limit of available water to the plant.
4. C3 plants have lowest water use efficiency and photosynthetic rate.
5. Micro pore space account for the most of the water movement under saturated soil
condition.
6. Temperature of the stresses plant is always high.
7. A part of rainfall available for consumptive use of the crop is called Effective rainfall.
8. Clay loam soil has lower water holding capacity.
9. Sodium aborption ratio of low quality irrigation water is more than 10 %.
10. Water available between field capacity and PWP is called as available water.
Answer Key:
Fill ups:
1. Saturated
2. Percolation
3. -0.1 to -0.3 bar
4. Oven dry method
5. Sprinkler
6. Fertigation
7. Transpiration ratio
8. Higher, lower
9. Lower
10. 400 mm
MCQ:
1. C
2. B
3. B
4. A
5. A
6. C
7. C
8. C
9. A
10. C
11. A
Matching:
a. Trickle
b. Crown root
c. Matric potential
d. Electrical conductivity
e. Infiltration
f. -0.1 to -0.3 bar
g. Rice
h. Sprinkler
i. CUW+ application losses
True / false
1. F
2. T
3. F
4. T
5. F
6. T
7. F
8. F
9.
10.
11. T
Q. 1 State whether the following statements are ‘true’ of false: (2.5)
a. Soil water content decreases with decrease in suction.(F)
b. Water requirement of rice crop is 75 mm.(F)
c. Water used for metabolic activity in plants is less than 90%.(T)
d. Soil moisture content at -15 bar is referred as available water.(F)
e. About 75 % of the total rainfall occur in winter season.(F)
Q2. Fill in the blanks: (2.5)
a. ______________ litre of water is necessary for the production of a Kilo of plant dry matter.
b. The average rainfall of India is ______________mm.
c. The soil moisture held by the soil against gravitational force is called ___________
d. The energy status of water at saturation is _____________.
e. The water retention of soil depends on____________ and _______________ forces.
f. Salt content of irrigation water is measured as ___________________.
g. Water requirement of crops is more during ________________ phase than during
_______________ phase.
h. In wheat ____________________ stage is most critical stage for irrigation .
Q3. Encircle the correct option:
i. Soil matric potential can be measured by an instrument called
a. Netron Probe (b) Tensiometer (c) TDR meter (d) None of these
ii . water requirement of maize crop is
a. 30-60 cm (b) 100 cm (c) 40-60 cm (d) 80 cm
B. Sc. (Agriculture) (Sem.-9th) Set I
Organic Farming
Subject Code: AAG-202
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----
Q1: Fill in the blanks (any ten): (10)
i. The conversion period for organic production is ________ years for annual crops.
ii. APEDA stands for __________________________________________________
iii. _____________became the first organic state in India in 2016.
iv. Azolla fixes _______ (name of nutrient).
v. Nitrogen in soybean crop is fixed by ____________________.
vi. PSB bacteria makes available the soil ___________(name of nutrient) to plants.
vii. Apart from fibre crop, sunnhemp can be used as _____________crop.
viii. For fixing atmospheric nitrogen in legumes, ______________ can be used.
ix. Azadirachtin is a compound of _________seed responsible for insecticidal properties.
x. The term organic farming was coined by _______________.
xi. Concentrated oil cakes contain mainly________________(name of nutrient).
xii. Organic Matter= Organic carbon x_______________
Q2: Tick (√) the correct answer (any ten): (10)
i. Which is used for in-situ management of crop residues?
A. Laser leveller B. Cultivator C. Planker D. Happy seeder
ii. Which is a bioherbicide?
A. BD 500 B. Devine C. CPP D. Jeevamrit
iii. Mycorrhiza:
A. Fixes Potassium B. is a fungus-root association
C. is bacteria that beneficially infect roots D. None of the above
iv. Which one of the following is a green manure crop?
A. Maize B. Wheat C. Mustard D. Dhaincha
v. Rhizobium is a:
A. Symbiotic biofertilizer B. Non-symbiotic biofertilizer C. Herbicide D.
Fungicide
vi. Which among the following is not allowed in organic production?
A. Mulches B. Vermicompost C. Night soil D. Farm yard manure
vii. Bird perches are used for the control of:
A. Rats B. Insect larva C. Both A and B D None of the
above
viii. Which among these can be used as seed treatment against soil borne fungal diseases in
organic farming?
A. Benlate B. Trichoderma C. Bavistin D. Trichogramma
ix. Pheromone trap attracts:
Male moths B. Female moths C. Caterpillars D. Female bugs
x. Which contains higher percentage of N?
A. FYM B. Vermicompost C. Compost D. Groundnut cake
xi. Which contains higher percentage of P?
A. Bone meal B. Vermicompost C. Compost D. FYM
xii. Summer ploughing helps in:
A. RH control B. Weed control C. Both A and B D. None of the above
Q 3: Mention ‘true’ or ‘false ‘of the given statement (any ten): (5)
i. Organic agriculture cannot easily feed the increasing population of India.
ii. Bio-gas slurry is a bio-product of thermal power plant.
iii. Rice leaf folded can be managed by running a rope in fields.
iv. Beez Amrit is generally used for seed treatment in organic farming.
v. Green manure crops are not much beneficial in organic farming.
vi. Genetically Modified (GM) crops are not allowed in organic farming.
vii. Intercropping can be used as weed management technique.
viii. Soil solarisation is used to enhance the soil nitrogen content.
ix. Crop rotation is very useful in organic farming.
x. Lady bird beetle is damaging insect in organic farming.
xi. Pheromone attracts the rats.
xii. All the nutrients are taken by the plant in organic form under organic cultivation.
Q 4: Write a short note (any five): (10)
i. Natural farming
ii. Vermiwash
iii. Organic manures
iv. Main principles of organic farming
v. Role of crop rotation in organic farming
vi. Trichgramma cards
vii. Organic accreditation
viii. Uses of light traps
ix. Cowpea for weed management
x. Enlist the permitted substances for soil nutrition in organic farming
xi. Role of biodiversity in organic farming
xii. Mixed cropping
Q 5: Describe in detail (any three): (15)
i. Discuss in detail about the method of preparation of vermicompost.
ii. What is organic certification? Describe the procedure for organic certification?
iii. How can we control the insect-pest and diseases in organic farming system?
iv. How can we fulfil the nutritional requirements of crops in organic agriculture?
Discuss in detail.
v. Explain the importance of botanical pesticides and indigenous formulations in organic
farming?
B. Sc. (Agriculture) (Sem.-9th) Set II
Organic Farming
Subject Code: AAG-202
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----
xiii. Q1: Fill in the blanks (any ten): (10)
i. Generally, the FYM contains______to _____%N content.
ii. _______________ (State) in India has maximum certified area under organic farming.
iii. The time between the start of organic management and certification of crops is known
as _______________.
iv. For fixing atmospheric nitrogen in legumes, ______________ can be used.
v. Azadirachtin is a compound of _________seed responsible for insecticidal properties.
vi. Organic Matter= Organic carbon x_______________
vii. Stale seed bed is used to control the___________.
viii. Azolla fixes _______ (name of nutrient).
ix. Plants generally absorb nitrogen in______________form.
x. PSB bacteria makes available the soil ___________(name of nutrient) to plants.
xi. Gypsum contains_____________(name of nutrient)
xii. Earworms are used for preparation of _______________ (name of manure)
Q2: Tick (√) the correct answer (any ten): (10)
i. Plant protection materials used in organic farming include:
A. Neem oil B. Jeev amrit C. Cow urine D. All of these
ii. Devine is a:
. Chemical fertilizer B. Bio-herbicide C. Bio-fertilizer D. Pesticide
iii. Which one of the following is a green manure crop?
A. Sugarcane B. Wheat C. Sunnhemp D. Maize
iv. Azotobactor is a:
A. Symbiotic biofertilizer B. Non-symbiotic biofertilizer C. Herbicide D. Fungicide
v. Which among the following is not allowed in organic production?
. Sewage water B. Vermicompost C. Both A and B D. None of the above
vi. Which among these can be used as seed treatment against soil borne fungal diseases in
organic farming?
A. Benlate B. Trichoderma C. Bavistin D. Trichogramma
vii. Which is the concentrated manure?
Mustard cake B. Compost C. Vermicompost D. FYM
viii. Bird perches are used for the control of:
A. Rats B. Fungi C. Weeds D. Nematode
ix. Summer ploughing helps in:
Insect control B. Weed control C. Disease control D All of the above
x. Mycorrhiza:
A. Fixes Calcium B. is a fungus-root association
C. is a bacteria that beneficially infect roots D. None of the above
xi. Which contains higher percentage of sulphur?
A. FYM B. Compost C. Vermicompost D. Gypsum
xii. Which nutrient is more volatile in nature?
A. Nitrogen B. Phosphorus C. Potassium D. Calcium
Q 3: Mention ‘true’ or ‘false ‘of the given statement (any ten): (5)
i. Organic agriculture can easily feed the increasing population of India.
ii. A good green manure crop should have sufficient nitrogen fixing ability.
iii. Biofertilizers should be exposed to direct sunlight.
iv. Locally adopted and resistant crop varieties should be preferred in organic farming.
v. Genetically Modified (GM) crops are allowed in organic farming.
vi. The abbreviation of PGS is Participatory Group System.
vii. Crop rotation is very less useful in organic farming.
viii. Mulches improve the soil organic matter.
ix. Lady bird beetle is beneficial insect in organic farming.
x. Soil solarisation is used to enhance the soil organic matter.
xi. Pheromone attracts the insects.
xii. Very few amount of chemical herbicide may be used in organic farming.
Q 4: Write a short note (any five):
(10)
i. Green manuring
ii. Vermicompost
iii. Weed management in organic system
iv. Role of honey bees in organic agriculture
v. Benefits of bed planting
vi. Enlist the restricted substances for soil nutrition in organic farming
vii. Intercropping
Q 5: Describe in detail (any three): (15)
i. How can we increase the organic matter in soils? Discuss in detail.
ii. How can we prepare a good quality farm yard manure? Discuss in detail.
iii. What are the principles of organic farming? Explain the relevance of organic farming
in Indian context.
iv. Explain the role of beneficial insects and birds in organic farming.
v. Discuss the processing, handling and labelling standards for organic crop production.
Answer Key
Set I
Q1 Q2 Q3
i) Three D True
ii) Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development B False
iii) Sikkim B True
iv) Nitrogen D True
v) Rhizobium/Brady Rhizobium A False
vi) Phosphorus C True
vii) Green manure C True
viii) Rhizobium B False
ix) Neem A True
x) Lord Northbourne D False
xi) Nitrogen A False
xii) 1.724 B False
Answer Key
Set II
Q1 Q2 Q3
i) 0.5-1.0 D False
ii) Madhya Pradesh B True
iii) Conversion period C False
iv) Rhizobium B True
v) Neem A False
vi) 1.724 B False
vii) Weeds A False
viii) Nitrogen A True
ix) Nitrate D True
x) Phosphorus B False
xi) Sulphur /Calcium D True
xii) Vermicompost A False
Fill in the blanks:
1. When all the pores are filled with water the soil is said to be ______________________
2. Downward movement of water through the soil profile is known as___________________
3. Soil water potential at Field capacity is ____________________
4. Standard method for determining moisture content of soil is ________________
5. Application of fertilizer nutrients through irrigation is called _________________
Encircle the correct options:
1. Sub surface irrigation is advantageous because
a. Low evaporation (b) Low wind problem (c) Both a & b (d) Low cost
2. The units used to express WUE is
(a) Kg/ha (b) Kg/ha mm (c) Kg / ha m (d) Kg ha cm
3. Osmotic potential of pure water is
(a) One (b) Zero (c) Between 0 & 1 (d) Less than zero
4. Which of the following shall be affected first under water stress condition
(a) Cell division & elongation (b) Photosynthesis (c) Transpiration (d) Protein
synthesis
5. Percentage of water used for metabolic process of the crop
(a) less than 1% (b) 10% (c) 5% (d) 20 %
Match the followings
A. Highest irrigation efficiency crown root
B. Wheat Electrical conductivity
C. Tensiometer infilteration
D. Salt content of irrigation water Trickle
E Entry of water into soil Matric
potential
True/ False:
1. Ground water is considered to be good if EC is 4 ds/m.
2. Hygroscopic water is held tightly and requires more force for availability to plants.
3. Field capacity is the lower limit of available water to the plant.
4. C3 plants have lowest water use efficiency and photosynthetic rate.
5. Micro pore space account for the most of the water movement under saturated soil
condition.
Subjective
1. Define irrigation. Enlist different methods of irrigation and describe the surface irrigation in
detail.
2. Discuss about irrigation management in salt affected soils.(5)
3. What do you mean by effective rainfall? Also discuss different criteria that influences effective
rainfall.
4. Describe soil moisture characteristic curve. (5)
5. Define the following terms:
a. Gravitational water (b) Seepage (c) Available water (d) Surface drainage
(e) Water stress (f) hygroscopic water
6. Write short note on water management in
(a)Rice (b) Maize (c) Wheat
Fill in the blanks:
1. Amount of water transpired by a crop to produce a unit quantity of dry matter is
_____________
2. Water in the soil moves from ______________ to ____________ potential.
3. Infiltration rate is _____________ in fine textured soils.
4. Water requirement of wheat crop is _______________ mm.
5. The crop stage which is most sensitive to water logging_________________
Encircle the correct options:
1. Most sensitive stage of maize crop
(a) Tasselling (b) Silking (c) Both a & b (d) None of these
2. ET depends on
(a) Climate (b) Soil moisture (c) Both a & b (d) None of these
3. Consumptive use of water is equal to
(a) ET (b) Metabolic activity of plant (c) Both a & b (d) None of these
4. Most ancient and widely followed method of irrigation in India is
a. Surface (b) Sprinkler (c) Drip (d) None
5. Soil moisture measurement is important for
a. Scheduling irrigation (b) Estimation of quantity of water to be irrigated
(c) Both a & b (d) None of these
Match the followings
A. Capillary and hygroscopic water Bulk density
B. Flooding Sprinkler
C. Undulated topography Rice
D. PWP 0.1 to -0.3 bar
E compaction CUE + application losses
True/ False:
1. Temperature of the stresses plant is always high.
2. A part of rainfall available for consumptive use of the crop is called Effective rainfall.
3. Clay loam soil has lower water holding capacity.
4. Sodium aborption ratio of low quality irrigation water is more than 10 %.
5. Water available between field capacity and PWP is called as available water
Define irrigation. Enlist different objectives of irrigations. discuss in detail about various means to
increase irrigation efficiency (10)
Write in detail about different approaches for scheduling of irrigation.
What is agricultural drainage? Describe various methods of drainage used in agriculture
Discuss harmful effects of use of poor quality irrigation water.
Define the following terms:
a. Porosity (b) Sprinkler irrigation (c) Available water (d) Surface drainage
(e) Percolation (f) Hygroscopic water
Write short note on water management in
a. Wheat (b) Maize (c) Sugarcane
1. Define irrigation. Enlist different methods of irrigation and describe the surface irrigation in
detail.
2. Discuss about irrigation management in salt affected soils.
3. Describe soil moisture characteristic curve.
4. What do you mean by effective rainfall? Also discuss different criteria that influences effective
rainfall.
5. Define irrigation. Enlist different objectives of irrigations.discuss in detail about various means
to increase irrigation efficiency.
6. Discuss harmful effects of use of poor quality irrigation water.
7. Write in detail about different approaches for scheduling of irrigation.
8. What is agricultural drainage? Describe various methods of drainage used in agriculture.
9. Define the following terms:
a. Gravitational water (b) Seepage (c) Available water (d) Surface drainage
(e) water stress (f) Hygroscopic water
10. Define the following terms:
a. Porosity (b) Sprinkler irrigation (c) Available water (d) Surface drainage
(e) Percolation (f) Hygroscopic water
b. Write short note on water management in
c. Rice (b) Maize (c) Wheat
d. Write short note on water management in
a. Wheat (b) Maize (c) Sugarcane
Questions on Organic Farming
Q1 Describe organic farming its benefits
Q2: Define bio-fertilizers and for what purpose they are used in organic farming
Q3: What is vermi-wash and why it is considered useful in organic agriculture
Q4: Describe the function of Tricho-cards in organic farming
Q5: What is conversion period and what is its duration for field crops
Q6: Name the crops which can fix atmospheric nitrogen
Q7: Describe briefly the role of earthworms in organic farming
Q8: What is green manuring and what is its importance in organic farming
Q9: Describe the benefits of mulching in organic farming
Q10: Explain the role of beneficial insects and birds in organic farming
Q11: Describe the harmful effects of over use of agro-chemicals
Q12: What is vermicomposting and what are its advantages
Q13: Explain the importance of Neem and its products in organic farming
Q14: How weed management is done in organic farming
Q15: Write down the advantages and disadvantages of PGS system of certification
Q16: What is organic certification and describe the purpose of organic certification
Q17: How we can control insect-pest and diseases in organic rice
Q18: How we can prepare good quality farm yard manure
Q19: Name two crops used for green manuring in Punjab and their growing season
Q20: How can we increase organic matter in soils
