ENERGY CONVERSION AND
CONSERVATION
INTEGRATED SCIENCE 2
Concept Review:
What Did We Learn Last Time ?
kinetic
Motion energy is called ___________________ energy
speed of an object.
mass and _______
It depends on the ________
potential
Stored energy is called ___________________ energy.
Energy can be stored in many forms, such as:
gravitational energy heat/thermal energy
chemical energy elastic energy
Energy Transfer
Energy can be transferred from one form to
another, from one object to another, or even
from one place to another.
Energy can be transferred
in many ways.
potential 🡪 kinetic Potential 🡪 potential
kinetic 🡪 potential Kinetic 🡪 kinetic
Energy can be transferred from one object to
another by a force (by the objects pushing or
Force pulling on each other).
A force can also transfer energy from one
form to another.
Electricity is the flow of electric charge through
a conductor. Energy can be transferred from
Electricity one place to another and from one form to
another by electricity.
power plant
houses
electricity towers
Energy Can Also Be
Transferred in Other Ways
light
heat
sound
PING-PONG BALL
DEMONSTRATION
Energy Transfer
Energy transfer is very useful…
Energy Transfer
Energy transfer is very useful… but
the transfer is never perfect.
Some energy always
goes places we
don’t want it to go.
Remember:
Energy Transfers Are Not Perfect
When energy is transferred, some energy is usually
heat
“lost” as __________ sound or __________.
, ___________ light
Energy Transfer Example 1:
Light Bulb
houses
power plant
60-watt light bulb
electricity towers
Energy Transfer Example 2:
Car Chemica 🡪 kinetic
“Lost” Car Energy
Conservation of Total
Mechanical Energy
Integrated Science 2
Law of Conservation of
Mechanical Energy
▪
Law of Conservation of Mechanical Energy
- states that, the total amount of mechanical energy in an
isolated system (potential — stored energy + kinetic — energy of
motion) remains constant—it is conserved as long as only
conservative forces are acting (no dissipative forces,
non-conservative forces). This indicates that an object’s potential
energy can just be converted into kinetic energy or the other way around.
CONVERSION OF ENERGY
Example of energy conversion between
gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy
- the potential energy that the
travel bag loses is changed to
kinetic energy which is an
indication of totally converted
energies
- Measuring the changes of energy
in an isolated system, energy
vanishes in one form and converts
into another form of energy.
- In other words, energy is neither
created nor destroyed because it
only changes form. This basic law
of nature is called the law of
conservation of energy.
In a roller coaster
take note..
▪ The TME of the roller coaster remains constant at all
points in the track (ignoring frictional forces)
▪ The KE and PE does vary
▪ When the only work done on an object is performed by
conservative forces, its mechanical energy remains
constant whatever motions it may undergo.
Example 1
Example 3
▪ A 500.0 kg pig is standing at the top of a muddy hill on a
rainy day. The hill is 100.0 m long with a vertical drop of
30.0 m. The pig slips and begins to slide down the hill.
What is the pig’s speed at the bottom of the hill?
Example 4
▪An object is released from a height
of 11 m. How fast is it travelling at a
height of 6.0 m?
Example 5
▪ A 59 kg man has a total mechanical energy of 150,023 J.
If he is swinging downward and is currently 2.6 m above
the ground, what is his speed?
Example 6
▪A bike rider approaches a hill with a
speed of 8.5 m/s. The total mass of the
bike and rider is 85 kg. Assuming that
there is no friction, at what height will
the bike come to a stop?
Some areas where the principle of
conservation of energy is applied:
▪ the flow of energy in the ecosystem
▪ chemistry (chemical reactions)
All living things need energy to
perform physiological and
metabolic activities. But how is
energy being converted and
conserved from one organism to
another?
