WEEKLY BULLETIN ON OUTBREAKS

1
WEEKLY BULLETIN ON OUTBREAKS AND OTHER EMERGENCIES
WEEK 07: 10 - 16 FEBRUARY 2025

AND OTHER EMERGENCIES

Week 07: 10 - 16 February 2025
Data as reported by: 17:00; 16 February 2025

1
New events
82
Ongoing events
54
Outbreaks Humanitarian crises
29

2 2 2 1
Mauritania
Algeria

2 700 000
29 0
¤
Niger
Mali 3 700 000
12 0 323 14
9 0 Eritrea
Cape Verde Chad
Senegal
18 690 8 Gambia 5 500 000 774 097 31

6 400 000 358 70

182 0
Guinea-Bissau
Burkina Faso
931 846
Guinea 895 3
25 0
2 Benin Nigeria 9 300 000
109 1 1 - Ethiopia
229 - 27 986 482 58 381 726
Sierra Leone Togo 573 273 106 0 13 0
Côte d'Ivoire Ghana 7 800 000 99 3
64 008
22 0
Liberia 37 089 South Sudan
549 49 Central African Republic 3 0
80 000 -
69 0
Cameroon
3 400 000
2 400 000 954 616 21 400 000
42 12 48 7
41 1
4 0
24 46 1 9 1
31 1
Equatorial Guinea 2 754 316
Legend 431 53
Uganda
Food Poisoning Sao Tome and Principe
2 896 19 Kenya
355 18 31 0
Dysentery (Acute SARS-CoV-2 Gabon Congo 7 5
bloody diarrhea) SA 501Y.V2 90 0
Rwanda
Measles Humanitarian crisis
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Burundi 3 116 1
Meningitis Monkeypox 1 200 000 2 337 12
Seychelles
Lassa fever Leishmaniasis
21 200 000
United Republic of Tanzania
Cholera Cyclone
12 651 1 285 12 148 145
Impact of Sudan Tropical Storm Fillipo 10 10
Crisis
WPV1 45 162 13
cVDPV2 5 700 000 92 14

Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever Comoros

Zika
Angola Malawi 11171 153

Anthrax Chikungunya 5 800 000 64 167 5

4 0 302 29
2 200 000 Zambia
Dengue fever Sudan Virus Disease 630 147
Mozambique
Malaria Malnutrition crisis 96 5
7 028 0
5 800 000
Hepatitis E Acute Food Insecurity 1 300 000
9348 05
Zimbabwe
Drought Rift Valley fever Madagascar
96 5
Mauritius
Floods Diphteria 1 260 000
37 000 1 980 000

Yellow fever Skin injury from unknown chemical exposure

Namibia 357 900
Marburg Botswana 184 000 45
Food-borne illness
Plague
Unknown disease
Leptospirosis Suspected heavy metal poisoning 26 4 Eswatini

Landslide Countries reported in the document

South Africa
Hepatitis A Countries outside WHO African Region 293 000

WHO Member States with no reported events Lesotho

Cases
Deaths Not applicable Graded events †
“The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply the expression of any (2)

opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country,
territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted and
dashed lines on maps represent approximate borderlines for which there may not yet be full agreement.” 0 410 820 Kilometers

5 5 0
Grade 3 events Grade 2 events Grade 1 events 29
21 events
Protracted
Protracted33events
60 events
Protracted 2 events
0
1 event
Protracted 11events
Protracted
Ungraded events

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 WEEKLY BULLETIN ON OUTBREAKS AND OTHER EMERGENCIES
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WEEK 07: 10 - 16 FEBRUARY 2025

Overview

Contents This Weekly Bulletin focuses on public health emergencies occurring in the WHO African
region. This week’s articles cover:

 Unknown Disease in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

1 Overview
 Cholera in Angola
 Complex Humanitarian Crisis in Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo
2 - 7 Ongoing events For each of these events, a brief description is provided, followed by public health measures
implemented and an interpretation of the situation.

8 All events currently At the end of the bulletin, a table provides information on all new and ongoing public health
being monitored events currently being monitored in the region, as well as recent events that have been
controlled and closed..

 Unknown Disease in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: The Democratic

Republic of the Congo is facing multiple public health and humanitarian crises. In its
northwestern Équateur Province, two clusters of cases and deaths from an unknown
disease have emerged, resulting in hundreds of cases and dozens of deaths. The
outbreak, which has seen cases rise rapidly within days, poses a significant public health
threat. The exact cause remains unknown, with Ebola and Marburg already ruled out,
raising concerns about a severe infectious or toxic agent. Key challenges include the
rapid progression of the disease, with nearly half of the deaths occurring within 48 hours
of symptom onset in one of the affected health zones, and an exceptionally high case
fatality rate in another. Urgent action is needed to accelerate laboratory investigations,
improve case management and isolation capacities, and strengthen surveillance and risk
communication. The remote location and weak healthcare infrastructure increase the risk
of further spread, requiring immediate high-level intervention to contain the outbreak.

In the eastern part of the country, the escalating armed conflict is deepening the
humanitarian crisis in North Kivu and South Kivu Provinces. The M23 offensive has led
to mass displacement, violence, and humanitarian collapse. The capture of Goma (27
Jan) and Bukavu (14 Feb) has worsened insecurity, while looting, attacks on aid workers,
and blocked supply routes have severely disrupted humanitarian operations. Electricity
outages in Goma are crippling hospitals and water supplies, increasing the risk of cholera
outbreaks, malnutrition, and disease transmission. Reports of gender-based violence
are rising, with 45 cases of rape recorded among displaced persons. Medical facilities
are overwhelmed, having treated over 4 260 injured people, while the Red Cross has
buried 2 000 bodies, and morgues remain overcrowded. Urgent actions include securing
humanitarian access, restoring critical infrastructure, ensuring the supply of medical and
food aid, and enhancing public health surveillance. Without immediate intervention, these
crises will further destabilize the region, heighten public health risks, and worsen human
suffering.

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Democratic Republic 431 53 12.3%

of the Congo cases Deaths CFR

Unknown Disease
EVENT DESCRIPTION cases (three in Boloko and one in Danda). The active
cases were observed with signs and symptoms of fever,
On 13 February 2025, health authorities in the
vomiting, diarrhoea, fatigue, abdominal pain, myalgia,
Democratic Republic of the Congo reported a new
and headache, with three showing haemorrhagic signs
cluster of cases and deaths due to an unknown disease
such as epistaxis, haematemesis, and melena. By 27
in Bomate Village, Basankusu Health Zone, Équateur
January 2025, a total of 12 cases with 8 deaths, had
Province, in the country’s northwest. This marks the
been reported in Boloko Village, which recorded 10
second cluster of cases and deaths from an unknown
cases with 7 deaths, and Danda Village, which recorded
disease in the province in less than a month.
2 cases with 1 death.
The latest outbreak in Bomate Village was initially
On 22 January 2025, blood specimens collected from
reported to provincial health authorities on 9 February
the four active cases, as well as a post-mortem swab
2025. Initial reports indicated 32 cases with 20
from the deceased individual in Danda Village, were
community deaths, occurring between 30 January and
tested at the Provincial Laboratory in Mbandaka using
9 February 2025. As of 15 February 2025, ongoing
GeneXpert. All samples return negative results for Ebola
investigations and surveillance activities had identified
virus. On 31 January 2025, further testing at the National
419 cases with 45 deaths (CFR 10.7%). The primary
Institute of Biomedical Research (INRB) in Kinshasa
clinical manifestations include fever, chills, headache,
confirmed that all specimens were negative for Zaire
myalgia, body aches, sweating, rhinorrhea, neck
ebolavirus and Marburg virus by PCR.
stiffness, cough, vomiting, diarrhoea, and abdominal
cramps. Close to half of the deaths (48.9%, n=22)
As of 15 February 2025, a total of 431 cases with 53
occurred within 48 hours of symptom onset.
deaths (CFR 12.2%) have been reported across the
two health zones in Équateur Province. Bolomba Health
Specimens from thirteen cases, including 12 blood
Zone has recorded 12 cases with 8 deaths (CFR 66.7%)
samples from active cases and one swab from a
while Basankusu Health Zone has recorded 419 cases
deceased individual, were collected and sent to the
with 45 deaths (CFR 10.7%). The exact circumstances
National Institute of Biomedical Research (INRB) in
of exposure have not yet been established in both
Kinshasa for analysis on 11 February 2025. Test results
outbreaks. Additionally, no epidemiological links have
released on 13 February 2025, showed that all samples
been established between the cases in the two affected
were negative for Ebola and Marburg viruses by
health zones. Metagenomic sequencing and additional
polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Differential diagnosis
investigations are ongoing to determine the cause of
under investigation include malaria, viral haemorrhagic
illness and deaths in the two health zones.
fever, food or water poisoning, typhoid fever, and
meningitis.
PUBLIC HEALTH ACTIONS
This outbreak follows an earlier cluster of cases and  The outbreak has been officially notified to the national
deaths reported to Équateur provincial health authorities level by the provincial health authorities. A joint meeting
on 21 January 2025 from Boloko Village, Bolomba Health involving local health authorities and partners was held to
Zone. Preliminary investigations traced the outbreak’s assess the situation and plan response actions. A team
origin to three community deaths among children from the provincial level was dispatched to the affected
under five years old in Boloko Village between 10 and health zones to support investigation of the situation and
13 January 2025. The affected children reportedly provide critical supplies.
developed fever, headache, diarrhoea, and fatigue,
which later progressed to haemorrhagic signs and  With support from WHO and health partners some critical
symptoms, including subconjunctival haemorrhage, medical supplies and commodities for case management,
epistaxis, and haematemesis, before succumbing to the laboratory testing, and infection prevention and control
illness. Reports indicate that the children had consumed are being dispatched to the affected health zones.
a bat carcass prior to onset of signs and symptom.
Between 15 and 22 January 2025, four additional deaths  Case investigations and active case search are
occurred in the same village among children aged 5 ongoing in the affected areas, including in communities,
to 18 years, all presenting with similar clinical features. churches, and health facilities. Cases are being line
On 22 January 2025, during field investigation, an listed. Health teams, supported by WHO, are conducting
additional fatal case with epidemiological links to the field investigations in Bomate, while 84 community health
previous deaths in Boloko Village was identified in a workers have been briefed to enhance case detection
nearby Village, Danda Village, along with four active across multiple areas.

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 The investigation team has collected and shipped 18 samples from the two affected health zones for analysis, all of which
tested negative for Ebola and Marburg at INRB Kinshasa by PCR. Further laboratory investigation, including metagenomic
sequencing are ongoing.

 Local health facilities in Basankusu and Ekoto are overwhelmed, only able to provide clinical services to the extent possible
to some of the patients. Isolation rooms have set up at Basankusu and Ekoto Health Centres to accommodate affected
individuals. Infection prevention and control measures include decontaminating isolation rooms and installing handwashing
stations at isolation sites to reduce transmission risk.

 In Bolomba Health Zone, risk communication and community engagement efforts included multiple sensitization meetings
with leaders and residents of affected and neighbouring villages, as well as training sessions for community health workers on
active case search and surveillance reporting. In Basankusu Health Zone, awareness activities included community briefings,
advocacy with religious leaders, local radio broadcasts on preventive measures, and targeted discussions in villages to
promote early detection and care-seeking behaviour.

SITUATION INTERPRETATION
The situation in Équateur Province presents significant public health risk, with two clusters of an unknown disease causing
high morbidity and mortality. The overall case fatality ratio (12.2%), particularly high in Bolomba Health Zone (66.7%),
and the rapid disease progression raise concerns about a severe infectious or toxic agent. With Ebola and Marburg
ruled out, further laboratory testing is critical to identify the causative pathogen. The lack of clear epidemiological links
between the two health zones may suggest separate health events. The remote geography and limited healthcare
infrastructure exacerbate response challenges, with overwhelmed health facilities struggling to manage cases.

Despite ongoing response efforts, significant gaps remain, including limited laboratory capacity, unclear transmission
dynamics, and weak surveillance. Infection prevention measures, while initiated, may be inadequate if the disease is
highly transmissible. Strengthening case management, expanding epidemiological investigations, and enhancing risk
communication are essential. Urgent support is needed to reinforce health services, accelerate diagnostic testing, and
engage communities to prevent further transmission, improve early detection and reporting.

Geographic distribution of cases and deaths of unknown disease, Équateur Province, Democratic
Republic of the Congo, 21 January – 15 February 2025

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4 107 147 3.8%

Angola cases Death CFR

Cholera
EVENT DESCRIPTION outbreak, bringing together key government sectors
such as Education, Tourism, Energy and Water, Social
The cholera outbreak in Angola has plateaued, following
Communication, Agriculture, and Environment, with
six consecutive weeks of increase in the number of new
support from WHO and health partners.
cases. During epidemiological week 7 (10 – 16 February
2025), a total of 1 107 new cases with 46 deaths were  The national cholera response plan has been updated
reported across the country. Luanda (465 cases, 13 and activated, focusing on enhanced surveillance,
deaths), Bengo (467 cases, 25 deaths), and Icolo e laboratory testing, risk communication, and water,
Bengo (103 cases, 6 deaths) together accounted for sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) interventions to curb the
93.5% of new cases and 95.7% of new deaths. While spread of the disease.
case numbers in Luanda appear to be stabilizing, Bengo
Province has experienced a dramatic increase in both  Epidemiological surveillance has been intensified, with
cases and deaths in recent days. active case finding in affected areas. Clinicians are being
refreshed on cholera case definitions through updated
From 31 December 2024 to 16 February 2025, a guidelines and dissemination of protocols to health
cumulative total of 4 107 cholera cases with 147 deaths facilities in affected provinces.
(CFR 3.8%) have been reported from 10 provinces
across the country. The majority of the cases and deaths  While testing all suspected cases is not required, stool
remain concentrated in three provinces: Luanda (1 966 samples are systematically collected from a subset of
cases, 59 deaths), Bengo (1 586 cases, 66 deaths), and cases as part of the outbreak sampling strategy. To date,
Icolo e Bengo (493 cases, 18 deaths), which together Vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of cholera, has been
account for 98.5% of the cases and 97.3% of the deaths. confirmed in 630 cases through culture testing at the
Males have been disproportionately affected, accounting National Reference Laboratory.
for 56.9% (n=2 332) of the cases and 72.1% (n=106) of  Risk communication and community engagement efforts
the deaths. The highest proportions of cases and deaths are ongoing, leveraging Community Health Development
are among individuals under 20 years of age, accounting Agents (ADECOs) to provide public awareness on
for 50.1% (n=2 056) of the total cases and 39.5.0% (n=58) cholera prevention, early symptom recognition, and
of the deaths. Children aged 5 years and below account early care-seeking behavior to reduce transmission and
for 15.4% (n=631) of the cases and 15.0% (n=22) of the fatalities.
deaths. Notably, the highest case fatality ratio (CFR) is
observed among individuals aged 50 years and above,  On 27 January 2025, a batch of 948 500 doses of
with a CFR of 9.1% (31/340), indicating that older adults Euvichol-S oral cholera vaccine (OCV) arrived in the
are at greater risk of dying from the disease. A total of 51 country. With support from WHO, UNICEF, and the World
deaths, accounting for 34.7% of the fatalities, occurred Bank, the Ministry of Health launched a single-dose OCV
within the communities, outside of health facilities. campaign on 3 February 2025, targeting one million
people aged one year and older in the provinces of
The outbreak was first detected in Cacuaco Municipality, Luanda, Bengo, and Icolo e Bengo. The results of the
a densely populated suburban area of Luanda with over vaccination campaign are pending.
1.2 million residents, before spreading to other parts of
the country. Cacuaco Municipality in Luanda Province  Environmental health measures are being implemented
has been at the epicenter of the outbreak, however, in to improve access to safe water, hygiene, and sanitation.
the past week an increase in cases in the municipalities These include regular treatment of water sources,
of Dande, Barra do Dande and Panguila in the Bengo distribution of Aquatab tablets for household water
Province has been observed. disinfection, and environmental sanitation activities in
affected areas.
The last major outbreak of cholera in Angola was reported
in 2018, involving more than 1 200 cases across several
SITUATION INTERPRETATION
provinces in the country.
The cholera outbreak in Angola is showing signs of both
stabilization and escalation, highlighting disparities
PUBLIC HEALTH ACTIONS in response effectiveness across affected provinces.
While Luanda appears to be achieving some level
 Under the leadership of the Ministry of Health, Angola of control, the surge in cases and deaths in Bengo
has launched a multisectoral response to the cholera suggests ongoing transmission, possibly exacerbated

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by inadequate water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) conditions, population movement, or delayed intervention. The
high community death rate indicates critical gaps in early detection and treatment of cases, which could be driving the
high CFR, particularly among vulnerable populations such as older adults.

The multisectoral response seems to be well-structured, but its effectiveness hinges on rapid implementation, particularly
in strengthening early case identification and treatment pathways. The reliance on a single-dose oral cholera vaccine
(OCV) campaign is a necessary short-term measure, but without sustained improvements in WASH infrastructure and
behavioural change interventions, the risk of prolonged transmission remains high. The ongoing laboratory confirmation
of Vibrio cholerae underscores the need for real-time genomic surveillance to detect potential changes in bacterial
virulence or antibiotic resistance. Moving forward, targeted interventions should focus on strengthening surveillance
activities, reinforcing case management capacities, and addressing social determinants that perpetuate transmission
in high-burden areas.

Weekly number of cholera cases and deaths, Angola, 30 December 2024 – 16 February 2025

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Geographic distribution of cholera cases by provinces in Angola, 30 December 2024 – 16 February 2025

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Eastern Democratic Republic

of the Congo
Complex Humanitarian Crisis
EVENT DESCRIPTION reinforced. On 3 February, the United Nations Office for
the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) led
The humanitarian crisis in North and South Kivu
an assessment mission along the Rugari-Rumangabo-
provinces continues to worsen, marked by escalating
Kalengera-Rubare axis in Rutshuru town in North Kivu
violence and mass displacement. Since the Mouvement
to assess returnees and their urgent needs. Another
du 23 Mars (M23) armed group captured Goma on 27
assessment followed on 4 February along the Goma-
January 2025, its forces have advanced into South Kivu,
Minova axis to determine the conditions for sustained
seizing multiple localities, including Kavumu Airport and
humanitarian access.
Bukavu city on 14 February 2025. This escalation raises
serious concerns about further instability and mass  Humanitarian organizations are actively working to
population displacement. reopen critical supply routes, ensuring the delivery of
medical supplies and clean water distribution. Urgent
In Goma, North Kivu, security remains fragile. While a efforts continue to reopen Goma Airport, which is vital
precarious calm has allowed for a gradual resumption of for medical evacuations and humanitarian aid deliveries.
socio-economic activities, violence persists, particularly
on the outskirts. Targeted attacks on humanitarian  WHO and UNICEF resumed Mpox vaccinations on 5
workers have intensified, including the assassination of February, targeting 1 500 contacts in Goma.
three Swiss Church Aid (HEKS/EPER) staff members in
Kabirangiriro village on 5 February. Despite the notable  Cholera surveillance has been reinforced, with
increase in the return of displaced people, particularly to emergency response teams deployed to Buhimba and
Masisi (42 600 people) and Nyiragongo (32 600 people) other outbreak-affected areas.
territories, surrounding territories remain volatile.
SITUATION INTERPRETATION
The humanitarian impact remains severe. Electricity
disruptions in Goma due to damage to the high-voltage The ongoing armed conflict in North and South Kivu,
power line from Bukavu continue to affect hospitals and marked by the M23 offensive and territorial gains, has
water infrastructure. Many families still rely on untreated triggered mass displacement, heightened insecurity,
water from Lake Kivu, increasing the risk of waterborne and severe disruptions to essential services. Violence,
diseases, particularly cholera. Reports of gender-based attacks on humanitarian workers, and blocked supply
violence have surged, with 45 cases of rape among routes have critically hindered aid delivery, escalated
displaced persons, including 21 collective assaults public health risks, and worsened food and medical
admitted in two hospitals in Goma. Recent looting shortages, leaving displaced populations in extreme
of humanitarian warehouses and supply disruptions vulnerability. The continued deterioration of security
continue to worsen food and medical shortages, with conditions threatens further displacement into already
displaced people facing severe malnutrition risks. overstretched areas, exacerbating regional instability.
WHO urgently calls for unrestricted humanitarian
The health crisis continues to escalate, with cholera access, strengthened civilian protection, the restoration
outbreaks spreading. In Buhimba health area in of critical infrastructure, and a coordinated international
Goma, 70 new cholera cases were reported within a response to prevent further escalation and mitigate the
week, with 80% of all cases in North Kivu stemming public health crisis.
from displacement camps. Of the 128 mpox patients
who fled Goma treatment centers during the armed
clashes, only 33 have been found a week later. Medical
facilities remain overwhelmed, having treated 4 260
injured individuals since 26 January 2025, including
1 178 admitted between 5 and 10 February. The Red
Cross has buried over 2 000 bodies, while 900 remain
in overcrowded morgues, posing serious public health
concern. The disruption of epidemiological surveillance
due to ongoing violence is complicating outbreak
response efforts.

PUBLIC HEALTH ACTIONS

 In North and South Kivu, coordination has been

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Injuries and deaths reported during the latest armed clashes in Goma, Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo,
14 February 2025

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All events currently being monitored

by WHO AFRO
End of
Date notified to Start of reporting Cases
Country Event Grade reporting Total cases Deaths CFR
WCO period Confirmed
period
New Events
Democratic Republic
Unknown Disease Ungraded 21-Jan-25 10-Jan-25 15-Feb-25 431 - 53 12.30%
of the Congo
See details in the article
Ongoing Events
Drought/food
Angola Ungraded 1-May-24 1-May-24 21-Jan-25 2,200,000 0.00%
insecurity
The southern and eastern regions of the country continue to be affected by a severe El Niño induced drought, the most protracted in 40 years, leaving about 2.2 million people
in dire need of food and humanitarian assistance. With six consecutive years of below-average rainfall, dry conditions, and annually decreasing harvests, many families have
been forced to migrate in search of food and livelihood. The situation is projected to worsen through May 2025, specifically in Cunene, Cuando Cubango, and parts of Huíla,
Namibe, and Moxico provinces.
Angola Cholera Grade 3 7-Jan-25 31-Dec-24 16-Feb-25 4,107 630 147 3.80%
See details in the article
Drought/food
Botswana Ungraded 24-May-24 1-May-24 31-Dec-24 37,000 0.00%
insecurity
The Government of Botswana declared severe drought conditions for the 2023/2024 agricultural season. Food shortages, with their attendant consequence of high mortality
rates among livestock, are affecting a number of regions, particularly Hukuntsi, Mabutsane, and the Northeast. Humanitarian organizations continue to support the government
to mitigate the impact of the ongoing drought.
Humanitarian crisis
Burkina Faso Protracted 2 1-Jan-19 1-Jan-19 15-Jan-25 5,900,000 - -
(Sahel Region)
The security situation in Burkina Faso and the entire Sahel Region remains fluid, with a significant impact on civilian populations due to attacks by armed groups. Access to
healthcare services remains a major challenge in the affected areas. As of February 2025, 5.9 million people need humanitarian assistance. Humanitarian organizations are
targeting 3.7 million people with critical needs, though funding constraints continue to challenge response efforts.
Complex
Burundi Ungraded 1-Sep-23 1-Jan-24 31-Dec-24 1,200,000 - -
Humanitarian crisis
According to the Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (IPC) analysis, an estimated 484 490 children aged 6-59 months are suffering or expected to suffer elevated
levels of acute malnutrition between June 2024 and May 2025. It is projected that from October 2024 to May 2025, the nutritional situation will deteriorate, with five districts
likely to move into IPC Acute Malnutrition Phase 2 (Alert) and six into IPC Acute Malnutrition Phase 3 (Serious). The country is also hosting nearly 91 100 refugees and asylum
seekers, with two-thirds of them living in displacement camps in the eastern part of the country.
Burundi Cholera Grade 3 1-Jan-23 1-Jan-23 16-Feb-25 2340 12 0.50%
Burundi is facing a protracted cholera outbreak, first declared in January 2023 by the Ministry of Health. In epidemiological week 8 (10-16 February 2025), two new cases were
reported from North Bujumbura. From 1 January 2023 to 16 February 2025, a cumulative total of 2,340 cases with 12 deaths have been reported. The outbreak has impacted
fourteen districts, with five remaining active in the last four weeks leading to epidemiological week 8, 2025.
Burundi Mpox Grade 3 25-Jul-24 25-Jul-24 16-Feb-25 7103 3,463 1 0.00%
From 25 July 2024 to 16 February 2025, Burundi has reported 7 103 suspected cases of mpox with one death. Of these, 3,463 cases have been confirmed across 46 health
districts in the country. The outbreak was initially declared on 25 July 2024 by the Ministry of Health of Burundi following the confirmation of the first three cases at the
National Reference Laboratory. The outbreak remains active in 15 districts across the country.
Humanitarian crisis
Cameroon (Noth-West & Protracted 2 1-Oct-16 27-Jun-18 31-Dec-24 3,400,000 - -
South-West )
In December 2024, the security situation in the North-West and South West regions of Cameroon remained tense and volatile, marked by increased clashes between armed
groups and government forces in both regions. An increase in abductions for ransom and extortion/illegal taxation was reported.
Humanitarian crisis
Cameroon Protracted 2 31-Dec-13 27-Jun-17 15-Jan-25 573,273 - - -
(Sahel Region)
Since 2014, the Far North region of Cameroon has been the victim of attacks by non-state armed groups, in addition to disasters and intercommunity conflicts that have
created humanitarian crises marked by population movements. Return movements and short- and long-term displacements are reported in the various departments of the
region. The Far North region is home to 573 263 people who have been displaced by violence and natural disasters, including IDPs, and refugees from Nigeria
Cameroon Measles Ungraded 2-Apr-19 1-Jan-25 9-Feb-25 51 41 1 2.00%
Measles is endemic in Cameroon, with eight of the country's 10 regions reporting at least one confirmed case since the beginning of 2025. From 1 January to 9 February
2025, 51 cases (laboratory-confirmed, epidemiological-linked, and clinical-compatible) with one death have been reported across the country. Of these, 41 cases have been
laboratory-confirmed as IgM-positive for measles virus infection.
Cape Verde Dengue fever Protracted 2 6-Nov-23 6-Nov-23 27-Jan-25 27743 18,690 8 0.00%
In epidemiological week 4 (ending on 27 January 2025), 50 confirmed cases of dengue fever were reported from Sao Vicente (n=26), Sao Filipe (n=18), Praia(n=4), Mosteiros
(n=1), and Santa Catarina do Fogo (n=1) municipalities. As of 27 January 2025, a total of 27 743 cases, including eight deaths has been reported. Of these, 1 8690 are
laboratory-confirmed cases.
Central African Complex
Protracted 2 11-Dec-13 11-Dec-13 15-Jan-25 2,400,000 - -
Republic Humanitarian crisis

Go to overview Go to map of the outbreaks

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The Central African Republic (CAR) has been facing a humanitarian crisis for more than a decade following military-political conflicts. The country has been affected by
conflict, with the ongoing presence of armed groups. Violence against civilians and frequent disasters, like flooding, continue to drive new displacements. Of the 6.4 million
country's inhabitants, 2.4 million will need humanitarian assistance in 2025
Central African Impact of Sudan
Grade 3 1-May-23 1-May-23 17-Jan-25 37,089 - - -
Republic crisis in CAR
Since mid-April 2023, following the violence that broke out in Sudan between the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and the Rapid Support Forces (RSF), the Central African
Republic (CAR) has been hosting thousands of Sudanese refugees through several entry points, the majority passing through Am-dafock, in the Vakaga region of CAR. As of
17 January 2025, there were 37 089 forcibly displaced people from Sudan who arrived in CAR since 15 April 2023. Out of this number, 30 729 are refugees.
Central African
Dengue fever Protracted 2 10-Sep-24 13-Jul-24 31-Dec-24 106 106 0 0.00%
Republic
On 10 September 2024, WHO was informed of a confirmed dengue outbreak in Central African Republic. The first case was confirmed on 13 July 2024 in a 29-year-old woman
from SICA I in the commune of Bangui. From 13 July to 31 December 2024, 106 cases were laboratory-confirmed for dengue serotypes 1 and 2 at Institut Pasteur of Bangui.
Since the beginning of the outbreak, five health districts reported at least one confirmed case of dengue, namely, Bangui 1, Bangui 2, Bangui 3, Bimbo, and Bégoua.
Central African
Mpox Grade 3 3-Mar-22 4-Mar-22 2-Feb-25 588 99 3 0.50%
Republic
From 29 January to 4 February 2025, 15 new suspected mpox cases were reported, including one new confirmed case and zero deaths in the Mbaïki health district. This brings
the total for 2025 to 76 suspected cases, with eight confirmed cases, including five in Mbaïki, and zero deaths. Since early 2024, a total of 588 suspected cases have been
recorded, with 99 confirmed cases and three deaths, resulting in a case fatality rate of 3%. The median age of confirmed cases is 12 years, ranging from two months to 58
years, with males slightly more affected (sex ratio of 1.7). Three health districts remain in active outbreak.
Central African Rift Valley Fever
Ungraded 31-Dec-24 23-Dec-24 17-Jan-25 6 1 0.00%
Republic (RVF)
On 10 January 2025, a new outbreak of Rift Valley Fever (RVF) was declared in the Ngaoundaye health district (HD) within Health Region No. 3. This health district is situated
in the northeast of the country, in the tri-border area of the Central African Republic (CAR), Chad, and Cameroon. As of 17 January 2025, a total of six cases, including one
confirmed case with no deaths, have been reported in the Ngaoundaye health district.
Humanitarian crisis
Chad Protracted 2 11-Feb-22 1-Mar-16 10-Jan-25 3,700,000 - - -
(Sahel region)
In Chad, it is estimated that more than 3.7 million people (or 21% of the Chadian population) could be in acute food insecurity (phases 3 and above) during the next lean
season (June-September). Nearly 50 departments are affected, with more than 3.2 million people in crisis phase and more than 400,000 people in emergency phase. This is
the largest number of people in food insecurity ever recorded in Chad. Regarding malnutrition, health facilities have recorded high admission rates of children under 5 years
old in malnutrition care facilities, compared to the average of the last 9 years. The situation is exacerbated by aggravating factors such as: atypical increases in food prices,
massive influx of refugees, population movements linked to insecurity and climatic shocks (floods and drought).
Impact of Sudan
Chad Grade 3 15-Apr-23 15-Apr-23 23-Jan-25 931,846 - - -
crisis in Chad
An estimated 931 846 people have crossed into Chad since the onset of the crisis in Sudan, of which 216,337 are Chadian returnees as of end of December 2024. The refugees
live in 21 camps in nine health districts spread across Ennedi Est, Ouaddaï, Sila, and Wadi Fira provinces. In the camps, challenges in accessing essential health services
remain due to multiple factors, including difficult physical access, limited medical supplies, and a lack of health care workers
Poliomyelitis
Chad Grade 2 18-Oct-19 1-Jan-24 27-Jan-25 29 29 0 0.00%
(cVDPV2)
In 2024, Chad reported 29 cases of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2), with the most recent case having an onset of paralysis on 15 November 2024. This
follows 55 cVDPV2 cases recorded in 2023. In 2022, 44 cVDPV2 cases were reported. In 2020, 106 cVDPV2 cases were reported from three different outbreaks. Nine cases
were reported in 2019. As of 27 January 2025, no human case and cVDPV2-positive environmental samples were reported.
Comoros Cholera Grade 3 2-Feb-24 2-Feb-24 29-Dec-24 11171 153 1.40%
From 2 February to 29 December 2024, 11 171 suspected cholera cases and 153 deaths were reported in Comoros (CFR: 1.4%), with 65 deaths in healthcare facilities and 88
in the community. The outbreak affected all three health regions, with Ndzuwani (9126 cases) most affected, followed by Ngazidja (1398) and Mwali (647). Since September,
763 cases have been reported, mainly in Ngazidja, while Mwali has recorded suspected cases since November, though none have tested positive by RDT.
Congo Mpox Grade 3 23-May-22 1-Jan-24 12-Jan-25 290 24 0 0.00%
No new confirmed case of Mpox was reported in Congo in week 1, 2025. From Week 1, 2024, to Week 1, 2025, a total of 290 suspected cases of Mpox were reported,
including 24 confirmed cases and zero deaths. Most of the confirmed cases were reported in the Cuvette department (15 cases), followed by the Likoula (4 cases) department.
Côte d'Ivoire Mpox Grade 3 5-Jul-24 5-Jul-24 19-Jan-25 552 109 1 4.00%
Côte d'Ivoire reported two new confirmed cases of Mpox in the last six months. From 1 January 2024 to 19 January 2025, Côte d'Ivoire reported 552 suspected cases,
including 109 confirmed cases and one death. Thirty-five districts have recorded at least one confirmed case.
Democratic Republic Complex
Grade 3 20-Dec-16 17-Apr-17 23-Jan-25 21,200,000 - - -
of the Congo Humanitarian crisis
The DRC continues to face persistent humanitarian challenges related to growing insecurity in some regions and entrenched structural problems exacerbating humanitarian
needs. Thus, the sharp deterioration of the humanitarian situation in 2023 had adverse consequences for millions of people, particularly in the east part of the country.
Since the renewed M23 offensives near Goma on 23 January 2025, hundreds of thousands of people have once again been forced to flee multiple active conflict zones, with
reception and assistance capacities already overstretched. In 2025, 21.2 million people need humanitarian assistance.
Democratic Republic
Cholera Grade 3 16-Jan-15 1-Jan-24 19-Jan-25 23887 2,754 316 1.30%
of the Congo
In week 3 of 2025 (ending 19 January), the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) reported 1065 suspected cholera cases and 22 deaths (CFR: 2.1%), with 84% of cases
from Haut-Lomami (523 cases), Nord-Kivu (192), Haut-Katanga (131), and Tanganyika (106) provinces. From 1 to 19 January 2025, a total of 2849 suspected cases and 47
deaths were recorded. The outbreak has affected nine of 26 provinces, with 90% of cases concentrated in Haut-Lomami (1424 cases), Nord-Kivu (499), Haut-Katanga (375),
and Tanganyika (263) provinces. Haut-Lomami also accounts for 40% of the country's reported deaths.
Democratic Republic
Meningitis Ungraded 29-Dec-24 21-Dec-24 29-Jan-25 64 7 6 9.40%
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From epidemiological week 51 of 2024 to the first epidemiological week of 2025, the health zone of Banalia in Tshopo province reported 17 cases, including five deaths (case
fatality rate of 29%). In week 1 of 2025, seven cases with one death were recorded. As of 6 January 2025, the INRB Kinshasa received 12 samples from the Banalia health
zone, of which seven tested positive for Neisseria meningitidis W135 (confirmation rate of 58%). Preliminary investigations indicate that the cases are concentrated on the
right bank of the Aruwimi River, in the Mangi Health Area (HA), the epicentre of the recent meningitis outbreak in the Banalia health zone, which reported a total of 2,662 cases
and 205 fatalities in 2021.
Democratic Republic
Mpox Grade 3 30-Mar-19 1-Jan-24 16-Dec-24 57415 12,651 1285 2.20%
of the Congo
From 1 January 2022 to 17 December 2024, a total of 57415 cases and 1285 deaths (CFR: 2.2%) were reported. Clades Ia and Ib have been detected in the country.
Complex
Ethiopia Grade 3 4-Nov-20 4-Nov-20 10-Jan-25 21,400,000 - -
Humanitarian crisis
In Ethiopia, the humanitarian situation remains concerning. The combination of natural (drought, floods, earthquake) and manmade (conflict) has deteriorated the humanitarian
situation in the country. Access restrictions imposed by local militia prevent population’s access to services. Low crop production, high food prices, and lack of humanitarian
and social protection support, have increased acute food insecurity. The ongoing conflict in the Amhara and Oromia regions is severely affecting public health, with increased
violence and barriers to accessing health services. This complicates the response to outbreaks like cholera, measles, and malaria. More to that, at least 10 earthquakes were
recently reported in Ethiopia and there are signs of possible volcanic activity. Ethiopia’s government said it is evacuating approximately 80,000 people following a series of
small-scale earthquakes in the Afar, Oromia and Amhara regions.
Ethiopia Earthquake Ungraded 8-Jan-25 8-Jan-25 17-Feb-25 80,000
Since 27 September 2024, seismic activity has been on the rise in Awash Fentale and Dulecha woredas of Afar region, reaching its peak at the end of December 2024. The
activity has extended to parts of Oromia region. The increased seismic activity has caused significant displacement and infrastructure damage, including to health facilities.
Approximately 80 000 people are affected across the two regions (60,000 in Afar and 20,000 in Oromia).
Impact of Sudan
Ethiopia Grade 3 1-May-23 1-May-23 5-Jan-25 68,008 - -
crisis in Ethiopia
Following the outbreak of armed conflict in Sudan on 15 April 2023, Ethiopia is receiving thousands of forcibly displaced people at various points of entry along the land border
between Sudan and Ethiopia. As of 5 January 2025, a total of 68 008 arrivals in need of international protection since April 2023 have been registered.
Ethiopia Malnutrition crisis Ungraded 5-Dec-24 1-Jan-25 2-Feb-25 42,570 - -
The nutrition situation in Ethiopia is concerning as indicated by nutrition surveys conducted last year. In epi-week 5 only this year a total of 9 037 severe acute malnutrition
(SAM) cases has been reported, of these 1 275(14%) admitted for SAM with medical complications. From epi-week 1 to epi-week 5, 2025, a total of 42 570 SAM cases have
been reported countrywide. Nationally, the total SAM cases increased by 7.3% compared to previous epi-week 4,2025.
Ethiopia Cholera Grade 3 17-Sep-22 1-Aug-22 9-Feb-25 58381 726 1.20%
The ongoing cholera outbreak in Ethiopia started on 27 August 2022. As 2024 ended and 2025 began, there was a marked reduction in new cases and deaths. Currently,
cholera is active in only two districts within the Amhara region. In 2025 so far, 223 cases and four deaths have been reported as of 9 February from active woredas giving a
cumulative number of 58 381 cases and 726 deaths since the start of the outbreak in August 2022.
Ethiopia Malaria Grade 3 20-Jun-23 1-Jan-25 2-Feb-25 774097 31 0.00%
The malaria outbreak in Ethiopia is still ongoing. A total of 139 774 confirmed and clinical malaria cases and three deaths were reported in Epi-week 5. The malaria cases
decreased by 2.3% compared to previous Epi-week 4. Nationally, a total of 774 097 confirmed and clinical malaria cases and 31 deaths were reported in 2025.
Ethiopia Measles Ungraded 13-Apr-17 1-Jan-25 2-Feb-25 912 895 3 0.30%
In 2025, confirmed measles outbreaks are reported from 19 districts (woredas) including five districts since last year. As of week 5, a total of 912 measles cases and three
deaths are reported. Among the total cases reported, 97 are laboratory confirmed and 798 are epi-linked
Ghana Cholera Grade 3 31-Aug-24 1-Oct-24 14-Feb-25 6,290 549 49 0.80%
Since the beginning of the outbreak a total of 6,290 cases with 49 deaths (CFR 0.8%) have been reported. Cases have been reported across 118 districts in five of the country’s
16 regions, with 98% occurring in Central (1625 cases), Western (2225), and Greater Accra (1340) regions. Among confirmed cases, 51% are aged 21–40 years, and 65% are
male.
Guinea Measles Ungraded 3-Jul-24 1-Jan-25 26-Jan-25 619 25 0 0.00%
From W1 to W4, 2025, a total of 619 suspected measles cases with no death were reported. Of the 175 cases tested, 25 were laboratory-confirmed (IgM+). In week 4, 2025,
six districts were in epidemic phase. From week 1 to week 48, 2024, a total of 2 947 suspected measles cases including 39 deaths (CFR 1.32%) were reported. Of the 1 217
cases tested, 830 were laboratory- confirmed (IgM+). In week 48, 2024, 11 districts were in epidemic phase.
Guinea Mpox Grade 3 2-Sep-24 2-Sep-24 8-Dec-24 70 2 0 0.00%
On 2 September 2024, WHO was informed of a mpox confirmed case in a 7-year-old schoolgirl of Koyamah locality in the southern Macenta health district of Guinea. From 2
September to 8 December 2024, a total of 50 suspected cases with no death were reported, of which two were confirmed for Mpox virus Clade IIB.
Anthrax (
Kenya Ungraded 13-Jan-25 14-Dec-24 5-Jan-25 31 0.00%
suspected)
Suspected anthrax cases have been reported in Embu County, with 31 suspected cases line- listed from 14 December 2024 to 5 January 2025. The cases are clustered within
Kyeni North and Kagaari wards of Runyenjes sub county. The cases were exposed through domestic slaughter and handling of animal products from cows with suspected
anthrax.
Kenya Measles Ungraded 29-Jun-22 1-Jan-23 4-Feb-25 2949 355 18 0.60%
Since January 2024, a total of 18 counties in Kenya have reported measles outbreaks. Currently, ten sub-counties in eight counties have active outbreaks. Two (2) new cases
were reported in the last week (Epi week five). As of 3 February 2025, cumulative cases of 2 949 have been reported, including 355 confirmed cases and 18 deaths, resulting in
a case fatality rate (CFR) of 0.6%.
Kenya Mpox Grade 3 3-Aug-24 22-Jul-24 4-Feb-25 37 37 1 2.70%
As of 3 February 2025, the total confirmed cases are thirty-seven (37), with one (1) death (CFR 2.7%) from twelve (12) counties. Thirty-two (32) patients have recovered, while
three (3) remain hospitalized.
Drought/food
Lesotho Ungraded 22-Jul-24 12-Jul-24 20-Jan-25 293,000 293,000 - -
insecurity

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WEEK 07: 10 - 16 FEBRUARY 2025

Prolonged dry spells, high temperatures, and economic challenges have left approximately 293,000 people in rural Lesotho (19 percent of the population) facing severe food
insecurity, classified as IPC Phase 3 (Crisis) or worse, from May to September 2024. Immediate interventions are crucial to address food gaps, protect livelihoods, and prevent
acute malnutrition. The situation is expected to worsen, with around 403,000 people (27 percent of the rural population) projected to be in Crisis (IPC Phase 3) from October
2024 to March 2025.
Liberia Lassa Fever Ungraded 3-Mar-22 1-Jan-24 12-Jan-25 42 42 12 100.00%
In epidemiological week 2, three new suspected cases were reported from Maryland, Grand Bassa, and Montserrado Counties. From 1 January 2024 to 12 January 2025, a
cumulative total of 42 confirmed cases of Lassa Fever have been reported, with 12 deaths (CFR:2.8%) at the country level.
Liberia Mpox Grade 3 31-Aug-24 31-Aug-24 5-Feb-25 69 69 0 0.00%
On 6 February, Liberia reported one new confirmed Mpox case from the capital, Monrovia. Six cases were confirmed between 17 January and 5 February 2025. Cumulatively,
from 1 January 2024 to 5 February 2025, 69 cases have been confirmed for Mpox.
Madagascar Cyclone Dikeledi Ungraded 14-Jan-25 13-Jan-25 15-Jan-25 7,028 -
The number of people directly affected by Tropical Cyclone Dikeledi passage on 11 January 2025 in the extreme north of Madagascar increased to 7 028 people (2 284
families) including in Diana and Sava with 3 809 and 3 203 people respectively which were the most affected regions, according to the National Office for Risk and Disaster
Management (BNGRC). At least three people were killed
Madagascar Malnutrition crisis Protracted 2 1-Jul-21 1-Jan-21 20-Jan-25 357,900 - -
Approximately 357 900 children aged 6 and 59 months are suffering or expected to suffer acute malnutrition between September 2024 and August 2025, with almost
51 percent (182 700) of cases expected in the Grand Sud-Est and 49 percent (175,200) in the Grand Sud. Of that total, 83 400 children are likely to suffer Severe Acute
Malnutrition (SAM) and 274 500 are likely to suffer Moderate Acute Malnutrition (MAM). The highest caseload of children suffering SAM is in the Grand Sud-Est region (60
percent), compared to 40 percent in the Grand Sud.
Drought/food
Malawi Ungraded 26-Mar-24 28-Mar-24 20-Jan-25 5,700,000 - - -
insecurity
In Malawi, the food insecurity situation is expected to deteriorate during the projection period (October 2024 – March 2025) which coincides with the lean season. Nearly 5.7
million people (28 % of the analyzed population) are estimated to be in Phase 3 or above with 416 000 people expected to be in Phase 4.
Malawi Cholera Grade 3 12-Sep-24 24-Jan-25 265 92 14 5.30%
On 26 August 2024, Chitipa has reported 10 suspected cases at Kapenda Health Centre, with 3 RDT positive, one culture positive, and one sample pending. The cases are
sporadic, initially coming from the Songwe River area, 29 Districts have been affected. As of 12 January 2025, five districts out of the 29 have active outbreaks Namely Balaka
107 (24.9%), Chitipa 92 (21.4%), Karonga 84 (19.5%), Machinga 79(18.4%) and Mzimba North 61 (14.2%). A total of 14 deaths have been recorded for the same period.
Humanitarian crisis
Mali Protracted 2 11-Sep-17 11-Sep-17 20-Jan-25 6,400,000 0 0.00%
(Sahel region)
The humanitarian context in Mali remains marked by a complex crisis that stems from a volatile security situation, exacerbated by structural vulnerability factors, socio-
economic challenges, as well as climate change. In 2025, 6.4 million Malians will have multi-sectoral humanitarian needs.
Mauritius Dengue fever Protracted 2 17-Dec-23 17-Dec-23 31-Dec-24 9917 9348 5 0.10%
The index case for the ongoing dengue outbreak in Mauritius was reported on 27 August 2024, as of 31 December 2024, a total of 9 917 cases and five deaths have been
reported
Drought/food
Mozambique Ungraded 5-Sep-24 5-Sep-24 20-Jan-25 1,980,000 - - 0.00%
insecurity
In Mozambique, between October 2024 and March 2025, 1.98 million people are projected to experience high levels of acute food insecurity (IPC Phase 3 or above). Of that
total, 212 000 are likely to experience IPC Phase 4 (Emergency) and 1.7 million people are likely to be in IPC Phase 3 (Crisis).
Humanitarian crisis
Mozambique Protracted 2 1-Jan-20 31-Oct-24 20-Jan-25 1,300,000 - -
in Cabo Delgado
In 2024, the compound effects of armed conflict in Cabo Delgado province, and vulnerability to natural hazards countrywide drove humanitarian needs in Mozambique. The
year was marked by a recrudescence of the conflict in coastal districts of Cabo Delgado. The operational environment became more complex as non-State armed groups
demonstrated increased capacity to plan and execute complex attacks. The displaced population remained vulnerable amid scarcer resources. An estimated 580,000 people
remain displaced, predominantly women and children, with the largest concentrations in Pemba, Metuge, and Macomia. In 2025, 1.3 million people will need humanitarian
assistance.
Mozambique Cholera Grade 3 28-Oct-24 12-Jan-25 302 29 9.60%
A cholera outbreak was declared in Mogovolas District, Nampula Province on 28 October 2024. As of 12 January 2025, 302 suspected cases and 29 deaths (including 25
community deaths) had been reported. The outbreak primarily affected Namitil Sede locality (94% of cases), with smaller clusters in Rieque (2%), Mavuruta (2%), Moquito
(1%), and Ilute Sede (0.4%) localities. In week 51, 19 suspected cases and eight community deaths were recorded. No further data has been reported since week 51 due to the
destruction of the cholera treatment center (CTC) and a health facility in the district.
Drought/food
Namibia Ungraded 31-May-24 22-May-24 25-Jan-25 1,260,000 - -
insecurity
From October 2024 – March 2025, the food security situation is expected to worsen due to the start of the lean season, and seasonal price increases, where 1.26 million
people (41 % of the analysed population) are expected to be in IPC Phase 3 or above. Most of the areas are likely to remain classified in Crisis (IPC Phase 3).
Humanitarian crisis
Niger Protracted 2 1-Feb-15 1-Feb-15 20-Jan-25 2,700,000 0 0.00%
(Sahel region)
Niger faces a multidimensional crisis stemming from extreme climate events, growing insecurity, rapid population growth, and chronic poverty. With low resilience to shocks,
the county remains highly vulnerable. In addition to the deteriorating security situation, severe flooding has further intensified the crisis, impacting over 1.4 million people
nationwide. In 2025, 2.7 million people will need humanitarian assistance.
Niger Diphtheria Ungraded 28-Aug-23 1-Jan-25 9-Feb-25 323 16 5.00%
In epidemiological week 6 (week ending on 9 February 2025), a total of forty-three new cases of diphtheria, including one death, were reported by treize health districts,
representing 18 % of all 72 health districts in the country. The Ingal Health District (Agadez Region) reported the highest number of cases (19 cases, including zero deaths,
representing 44 % of all diphtheria cases this week). As of Week 6, of 2025, the country had recorded 323 cases, including 16 deaths (CFR: 5 %).
Humanitarian crisis
Nigeria Protracted 2 10-Oct-16 10-Oct-16 23-Jan-25 7,800,000 0.00%
(Sahel region)

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Nigeria continues to face extensive humanitarian challenges. There is significant population displacement, with approximately 2.3 million internally displaced persons (IDPs)
recorded by the end of 2024 with an estimated 33 million people projected to experience food insecurity during the 2025 lean season. Additionally, 1.8 million children in six
north-eastern and north-western states are at risk of severe acute malnutrition (SAM)– among the highest global levels according to the IPC. Recent floods affected 34 out
of 36 states, with Borno being the most severely impacted. High levels of inflation, including food inflation has impacted on the humanitarian situation. . In 2025, 7.8 million
people will need humanitarian assistance.
Nigeria Lassa Fever Ungraded 30-Nov-24 1-Jan-25 2-Feb-25 359 358 70 19.50%
In epidemiological week 5 (27 January - 02 February 2025), 68 new confirmed cases of Lassa fever, including 17 deaths, were reported from seven states across Nigeria. From
1 January - 02 February 2025, a cumulative total of 358 confirmed cases with 70 deaths (CFR: 19.6%) have been reported from 10 states. Ondo (133 cases, 17 deaths), Edo
(71 cases, 11 deaths), Bauchi (63 cases, 6 deaths), and Taraba (56 cases, 18 deaths) States are the most affected, which together account for 90.2% of cases and 74.3% of
deaths.
Nigeria Mpox Grade 3 31-Jan-22 1-Jan-22 2-Jan-25 1754 182 0 0.00%
From 1 January to 2 January 2025, a total of 1 754 cases including 182 confirmed cases and zero deaths were reported.
Poliomyelitis
Nigeria Grade 2 1-Jun-18 1-Jan-22 12-Feb-25 229 229 0 0.00%
(cVDPV2)
No new case of cVDPV2 was reported this week. The total number of cVDPV2 cases reported in 2024 stands at 94. A total of 87 cVDPV2 cases were reported in 2023 and 48
cases in 2022.
Rwanda Mpox Grade 3 24-Jul-24 24-Jul-24 12-Jan-25 90 90 0 0.00%
Rwanda confirmed its first two cases of Mpox on 24 July 2024. The current situation, as of 12 January is as following: 90 total confirmed cases; cases under follow-up: 19 and
cumulative suspected cases: 5 898.
Senegal Chikungunya Ungraded 23-Jan-25 28-Jan-25 2 2 0.00%
The Ministry of Health and Social Action of Senegal reported an outbreak of chikungunya involving two cases in Gossas District (Fatick Region) and Goudomp District
(Sedhiou Region) following laboratory confirmation. The country usually experience sporadic outbreaks of the disease due to mosquito vector activity.
Crimean-Congo
Senegal Ungraded 13-Jan-25 2-Jan-25 24-Jan-25 2 2 1 50.00%
haemorrhagic fever
WHO was notified of a new outbreak of Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) on 14 January 2025 in Kaffrine Region, Senegal. As of 24 January 2025, there have been
two confirmed cases with one death (CFR 50.0%) reported from the Kaffrine Department. A total of 51 contacts have been identified. Of these, 28 have completed follow-up,
while 23 are still under follow-up as of 24 January 2025.
Senegal Dengue fever Protracted 2 14-Nov-22 6-Jan-25 26-Jan-25 9 9 0 0.00%
Between 6 and 26 January 2025, Senegal reported nine confirmed dengue cases, with four cases in week 2, four in week 3, and one in week 4. The majority of cases were male
(five cases) and aged 15–60 years (seven cases), with one case in the 10–15 age group and one over 60 years old. By region, Fatick (six cases, 56%) was the most affected,
followed by Dakar (two cases, 22%) and Saint-Louis (two cases, 22%).
Senegal Measles Ungraded 4-Jul-22 1-Jan-25 26-Jan-25 12 12 0 0.00%
In week 4 of 2025 (ending 26 January), Senegal reported four confirmed measles cases from two districts. Since the beginning of the year, a total of 12 confirmed cases, all
unvaccinated, have been recorded in seven districts, with seven cases among females. Linguère remains the only district experiencing an outbreak. Cases have been reporteed
from Louga (six cases, 50%), Dakar (two cases, 17%), Thiès (two cases, 17%), Matam (one case, 8%), and Saint-Louis (one case, 8%) regions.
Sierra Leone Mpox Grade 3 11-Jan-25 9-Jan-25 16-Feb-25 22 22 0 0.00%
Two confirmed cases of mpox were reported in epidemiological week 8 (10 - 16 February 2025). As of 16 February 2025, there are twenty-two confirmed cases with zero
deaths reported from seven districts: Western Area Urban (7 cases), Tonkolili (3 cases), Western Area Rural (3 cases), Bombali (3 cases), Bo (2 cases), Moyamba (2 cases),
Port Loko (1 case) and Karene (1 case). The outbreak was first declared on 11 January 2025, by the Ministry of Health of Sierra Leone following laboratory confirmation of a
case of mpox in the Western Area Urban District in the country’s capital city, Freetown.
South Africa Diphtheria Ungraded 19-Jul-24 24-Dec-24 24-Jan-25 26 26 4
According to the Western Cape Department of Health as at 18 December 2024, the Western Cape Province recorded 25 positive diphtheria results. This includes 10 positive
results from a cluster in Kensington in August – September 2024. On 19 December 2024, 8 more laboratory positive results were recorded: one in a patient that presented to
Groote Schuur Hospital on 18 December 2024 and seven contacts of a laboratory confirmed case (case number 4 in Table 1 below) in Pollsmoor Prison. Three more diphtheria
suspects were recorded in week 51 with laboratory results still outstanding. A non-toxigenic, cutaneous diphtheria case was recorded in week 25; however, this case is not
included in the 25 confirmed diphtheria case count.
South Sudan Humanitarian crisis Protracted 3 15-Aug-16 15-Aug-16 5-Feb-25 9,300,000 - - -
In 2025, the humanitarian crisis in South Sudan has persisted due to a combination of sporadic armed clashes and intercommunal violence, food insecurity, public health
challenges and climatic shocks. A total of 9.3 million people need humanitarian assistance this year. Following the recent events in Wad Madani in Soudan, where control of the
city shifted from the Sudanese army, there were reports alleging the killing of South Sudanese individuals in the area. In response, a series of retaliatory incidents occurred in
several parts of South Sudan in mid-January 2025.
Impact of Sudan
South Sudan crisis in South Grade 3 15-Apr-23 1-May-23 5-Jan-25 954,616 - 0
Sudan
Since the start of the Sudan emergency in April 2023, a total of 954 616 people fleeing conflict arrived from Sudan, including 686 376 returnees as of 5 January 2025. In
December, over 100,000 people fleeing conflict arrived from Sudan the majority settling in communities along the border, straining already stretched humanitarian resources.
South Sudan Cholera Grade 3 11-Oct-24 28-Sep-24 4-Feb-25 27,986 - 482 1.70%
During week 5, 2025, a total of 2 881 cholera cases were reported and 24 deaths. Cumulatively, a total of 27 986 cholera cases have been reported from 34 counties across
seven states and one administrative area so far. The cumulative number of deaths is 482, of which 256 are health facility deaths and 226 from the community, resulting in
overall CFR of 1.7%. The cumulative number of deaths has been revised compared to the previous report of 488 deaths.
South Sudan Mpox Grade 3 7-Feb-25 7-Feb-25 16-Feb-25 3 3 0 0.00%
Two new confirmed cases have been reported from South Sudan in the last epidemiological week (week ending 16 February 2025). Cumulatively, three confirmed cases of
mpox have been reported since the first case was reported on 7 February 2025. The two new cases are not epidemiologically linked to the first case.
Poliomyelitis
South Sudan Grade 2 26-Feb-24 1-Jan-23 4-Feb-25 13 13 0 0.00%
(cVDPV2)

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There was no new case of polio reported during week 5 of 2025, keeping the total number of confirmed Circulating Vaccine Derived Polio Virus type-2 (cVDPV2) at 13 reported
from eight counties in four states namely, Western Equatoria, Central Equatoria, Unity and Jonglei state
Tanzania, United
Cholera Grade 3 3-Oct-23 5-Sep-23 30-Dec-24 12148 145 1.20%
Republic of
Since 1 January 2024 cholera outbreaks have been reported in 23 regions (Mara, Kigoma, Kagera, Singida, Simiyu, Shinyanga, Tabora, Ruvuma, Mwanza, Geita, Rukwa,
Dodoma, Manyara, Morogoro, Katavi, Pwani, Mtwara, Tanga, Arusha, Songwe, Lindi, Mbeya and Dar es Salaam) in Tanzania Mainland, where a total of 12 148 cases and 145
deaths (CFR 1.2%) were reported. Out of 23 regions, Cholera outbreak was declared over in 13 regions (Mtwara, Arusha, Tabora, Geita, Kagera, Singida, Ruvuma, Dar es
Salaam, Mara, Rukwa, Shinyanga, Pwani and Songwe).
Tanzania, United Marburg virus
Grade 2 9-Dec-24 10-Dec-24 16-Feb-25 10 2 10 100.00%
Republic of disease
Zero new confirmed cases of Marburg Virus Disease (MVD) were reported from Tanzania during epidemiological week 7 (10 - 16 February 2025). A cumulative total of
10 cases with 10 deaths (CFR 100.0%) have been reported since the MVD outbreak was declared by the Ministry of Health of Tanzania. Of these, two were confirmed by
laboratory tests while eight (8) are considered probable cases with epidemiological links to the index case. Since the last confirmed case died on 28 January 2025, 19 days
have passed without a report of a new confirmed case of the disease in the country.
Togo Meningitis Ungraded 15-Jan-25 1-Jan-25 4-Feb-25 48 6 7 14.60%
During epidemiological week 2, 2025, the Dankpen 2 locality from the Dankpen district in Togo crossed the epidemic threshold with nine suspected cases (an attack rate of
24.93 cases per 100,000 inhabitants). From epidemiological week 1 to epidemiological week 6, a total of 48 suspected cases and 7 deaths were reported in two districts (
Dankpen I and Dankpen2), with a sex ratio (M/F) of 1.28 (27 males and 21 females). The most affected age group is 15 to 29 years.
Uganda Cholera Grade 3 12-Jan-25 7-Jan-25 9-Feb-25 117 46 1 0.90%
An outbreak of cholera is ongoing in Lamwo district, Northern region of Uganda. From 7 January - 9 February 2025, a total of 117 cases, including one death (CFR 0.9%), have
been reported from six parishes in Agoro Subcounty. Of these cases, 46 have been laboratory-confirmed for Vibrio cholerae O1 Ogawa infection.
Crimean-Congo
Uganda Ungraded 21-Jan-25 7-Jan-25 9-Feb-25 4 2 1 25.00%
haemorrhagic fever
Two confirmed cases of CCHF have been reported from the districts of Mubende in the Central Region (n=1) and Arua in the Northern Region (n=1) of Uganda. The case from
Arua District reportedly died before test results were released. Two other cases from Mubende District remain suspected without laboratory testing. In total, four cases with
one death (CFR 25.0%) have been reported as of 9 February 2025.
Uganda Mpox Grade 3 26-Jul-24 29-Jul-24 9-Feb-25 2896 2,896 19 0.70%
As of 09 February 2025, Uganda has reported 2,896 confirmed cases of mpox with 19 deaths (CFR 0.7%) from 80 districts across the country.
Uganda Sudan virus disease Grade 2 30-Jan-25 29-Jan-25 16-Feb-25 9 9 1 11.10%
Zero new confirmed cases of Sudan Virus Disease (SVD) were reported from Uganda during epidemiological week 7 (10 - 16 February 2025). Since the official declaration
of the SVD outbreak in Uganda on 30 January 2025, a total of nine confirmed cases with one death (CFR 11.1%) have been reported as of 16 February 2025. A total of 283
contacts are under follow-up.
Drought/food
Zambia Ungraded 8-Mar-24 15-Jan-24 20-Jan-25 5,800,000 - 0 0.00%
insecurity
An estimated 5.8 million people (33 percent of the analysed population) will likely experience heightened hunger between October 2024 and March 2025. The IPC projects that
nearly 5.6 million people will likely experience IPC Phase 3 (Crisis) and 236,000 people IPC Phase 4 (Emergency).
Zambia Cholera Grade 3 30-Dec-24 25-Dec-24 29-Jan-25 96 2 5 5.20%
On 29 January 2025, Zambia reported 15 new cholera cases, with 13 from Chililabombwe and two from Kitwe district. Since the outbreak began on 24 December 2024, a total
of 96 cases, including five deaths (CFR: 5.2%), have been recorded. Chililabombwe (70 cases, five deaths) remains the most affected district, followed by Nakonde (21 cases),
Kitwe (four cases), and Chingola (one case). Of the cumulative cases, 20 have been culture-confirmed, with Nakonde (10), Kitwe (three), Chililabombwe (six), and Chingola
(one).
Zambia Mpox Grade 3 8-Oct-24 8-Oct-24 5-Jan-25 4 4 0.00%
An IHR notification of an mpox case was reported by Zambia on 9 October 2024. From 8 October 2024 to 5 January 2025, a total of four confirmed cases with zero deaths
were reported in Zambia.
Drought/food
Zimbabwe Ungraded 5-Apr-24 5-Apr-24 25-Jan-25 5,900,000 0 0.00%
insecurity
In Zimbabwe, Crisis (IPC Phase 3) outcomes are expected throughout the country from October 2024 through May 2025. Following the 2023/24 El Niño-induced drought,
own-produced food stocks are widely unavailable. The areas of highest concern are likely to be typical deficit-producing areas, where larger portions of the population are
expected to face Crisis (IPC Phase 3) outcomes. In 2025, 5.9 million people will need food security and livelihood assistance.
Zimbabwe Cholera Grade 3 12-Nov-24 1-Jan-25 8-Jan-25 48 0.00%
From 1 to 8 January 2025, Zimbabwe reported 48 cholera cases with no deaths. The outbreak, which began on 4 November 2024, had recorded 29 suspected cases by 29
November 2024, including one death (CFR: 3.4%), in Kariba District, Mashonaland West Province. Of these, 19 cases tested positive on rapid diagnostic tests (RDT), and five
samples were confirmed positive through culture.

†Grading is an internal WHO process, based on the Emergency Response Framework. For further information, please see the Emergency Response
Framework: http://www.who.int/hac/about/erf/en/.
Data are taken from the most recently available situation reports sent to WHO AFRO. Numbers are subject to change as the situations are dynamic.

Health Emergency Information and Risk Assessment

 WEEKLY BULLETIN ON OUTBREAKS AND OTHER EMERGENCIES
15
WEEK 07: 10 - 16 FEBRUARY 2025

© WHO Regional Office for Africa

This is not an official publication of the World Health Organization.

Correspondence on this publication may be directed to:

Dr Etien Luc Koua
Programme Area Manager, Health Emergency Information and Risk Assessment Programme.
WHO Emergency Preparedness and Response
WHO Regional Office for Africa
P O Box. 06 Cité du Djoué, Brazzaville, Congo
Email: [email protected]

Requests for permission to reproduce or translate this publication – whether for sale or for non-
commercial distribution – should be sent to the same address.

Health Emergency Information and Risk Assessment

 WCO Contributors AFRO Contributors Editorial Advisory Group

• Walter Manuel FIRMINO (WCO Angola) G. Sie Williams Dr Salam Gueye, Regional Emergency
• Muhau KUKU (WCO Angola) D. Ntabozuko Director
• DIALLO, Amadou Mouctar (WCO DR Congo) K. Freddy Kavoga E. Koua
• FOTSING, Richard (WCO DR Congo) F. Sarah D. Chamla
D. Gianni-Ferrari F. Braka
K. Emerencienne
R. Mangosa Zaza
J. Kimenyi
G. Akpan
C. Okot
M. Keita
P. Otim
E. Dzotsi

Data sources
Data and information is provided by Member States through WHO Country Offices via regular situation reports, teleconferences
and email exchanges. Situations are evolving and dynamic therefore numbers stated are subject to change.

Health Emergency Information and Risk Assessment