CLINICAL PHARMACY 2 LABORATORY
CLINICAL PHARMACY 3. MONITORING: a review of the outcomes of drug
therapy to determine if the patient is obtaining the
- A practice in which the pharmacist utilizes his
desired outcomes
professional judgement in the application of
pharmaceutical sciences to foster the safe and
appropriate use of drugs, in or by patients, KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS REQUIRED IN CLINICAL
while working with members of the health care PHARMACY
team.
KNOWLEDGE: diseases, drug therapy, non-drug therapy,
- Health science specialty whose responsibility is
laboratory and diagnostic testing
to assure the safe and appropriate use of drugs
in patients through the application of SKILLS: communication, patient monitoring, physical
specialized knowledge and functions in patient assessment, drug information provision, therapeutic
care planning
CLINICAL PHARMACIST GENERAL CLINICAL PHARMACY FUNCTIONS
- Interact with the health care team - Providing drug information to physicians and
- Interview and assess patients other health professionals
- Make therapeutic recommendations - Medication history making
- Monitor patient response to drug therapy - Medication profile preparation
- Provide drug information - Drug therapy monitoring
- Patient education and medication
PHARMACEUTICAL CARE
- Counseling
- Responsible provision of drug therapy for the - Disease screening, monitoring and maintenance
purpose of achieving definite outcomes that care for patients with chronic diseases
improves patient’s quality of life - Participation in the management of emergency
- A patient-centered practice in which the medical care
practitioner assumes responsibility for a - Health information source for the public
patient’s drug-related needs and is held - Drug use review and patient care audits
accountable for this commitment - In-service education for physicians, nurses and
other health professionals
MAJOR FUNCTIONS OF PHARMACEUTICAL CARE
- Specialized functions and services
- Identifying potential and actual drug-related
problems
CLINICAL PHARMACIST AS A COMMUNICATOR
- Resolving actual drug-related problems
- Preventing potential drug-related problems PATIENT COUNSELING
EXPECTED OUTCOMES OF PHARMACEUTICAL CARE - Provision of oral or written information about
drugs and other health-related information to a
- Cure of disease
patient or his/her representative during the
- Elimination or reduction of symptoms
dispensing process or stay in hospital
- Arrest or slowing down of a disease process
- Prevention or disease or symptoms SCOPE OF COUNSELING
PHARMACEUTICAL CARE PLAN 1. Generic name, brand name
2. Techniques for self-monitoring
1. ASSESSMENT: a review of the medical conditions and
3. Use, action and onset
symptoms to determine the need for drug therapy
4. Potential drug interaction
2. PLAN: a decision of an appropriate drug therapy 5. Route, dosage form and storage
based on the assessment of the patient 6. Contraindications
CLINICAL PHARMACY 2 LABORATORY
7. Direction for use 6. Supplement spoken word with written
8. Relationship with lab or X-ray procedure instruction
9. Action in case of missed dose 7. Give reasons for key advice
10. Disposal of drugs and devices 8. Check for accuracy of patient’s understanding
11. Precautions 9. Give definite, concrete, explicit instruction
12. Any other relevant health information unique to an
individual patient
13. Side and adverse effects
COMMUNICATION SKILLS
ATTENDING AND ACTIVE LISTENING SKILLS
1. Stop talking
2. Get rid of distractions
3. React to the ideas, not to the person
4. Read non-verbal messages
5. Listen to how something is said
6. Provide feedback to clarify any message
INTERVIEWING SKILLS
1. Ask open questions
2. Ask closed questions
3. Check if the patient has understood or requires
more information
4. Avoid suggesting during data-gathering phase
5. Provide a balance of questions
6. Do not jump into conclusion
7. Keep goals of the conversation in mind
8. Avoid shifting from one topic to another until
one is finished
9. Maintain objectivity
EMPHATIC RESPONDING SKILLS
1. REFLECTING: concentrating on the emotional
meaning
2. PARAPHRASING: conveying the essence of what
was said
3. FOCUSING: getting back to the topic of
conversation
INFLUENCING SKILLS
1. Give relevant advice
2. Make good suggestions
3. Share correct information
4. Summarize main points of information given
5. Emphasize key points with ‘This is important…’
