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Microbiology Blueprint Sample

The document outlines the characteristics and life cycles of various Plasmodium species, including P. vivax, P. ovale, P. malariae, P. falciparum, and P. knowlesi, detailing their fever patterns, blood smear appearances, liver stages, and treatment options. It emphasizes the difference between recrudescence and relapse, and the importance of chloroquine and primaquine in treatment protocols. Additionally, it categorizes treatment into suppressive, therapeutic, radical cure, and gametocidal approaches.

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Arrya DS
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469 views6 pages

Microbiology Blueprint Sample

The document outlines the characteristics and life cycles of various Plasmodium species, including P. vivax, P. ovale, P. malariae, P. falciparum, and P. knowlesi, detailing their fever patterns, blood smear appearances, liver stages, and treatment options. It emphasizes the difference between recrudescence and relapse, and the importance of chloroquine and primaquine in treatment protocols. Additionally, it categorizes treatment into suppressive, therapeutic, radical cure, and gametocidal approaches.

Uploaded by

Arrya DS
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

The Microbiology

Blueprint
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Plasmodium Species
Life Cycle

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Table 66. Characteristics of Plasmodium Species


Important Blood
Species Features Smears Liver Stages Treatment

Plasmodium 48-hour fever Enlarged Persistent Chloroquine, then primaquine


vivax spikes host cells; hypnozoites
amoeboid Relapse
trophozoites

Plasmodium 48-hour fever Oval, jagged, Persistent Chloroquine, then primaquine


ovale spikes infected hypnozoites
RBCs Relapse

Plasmodium 72-hour fever Bar and band No persistent Chloroquine (no radical cure
malariae spikes; forms; stage necessary)
recrudescence rosette Recrudescence
schizonts

Plasmodium Irregular fever Multiple ring No persistent Chloroquine for susceptible,


falciparum spikes; causes forms stage non-severe cases
cerebral Crescent-sha Recrudescence Atovaquone-proguanil,
malaria ped gametes artemether-lumefantrine,
mefloquine for resistant,
non-severe cases
Quinine/quinidine for severe
cases

Plasmodium 24-hour fever Similar to P. No persistent Chloroquine


knowlesi spikes malariae stage

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Note:

● Recrudescence is a reoccurrence of symptoms from low levels of organisms remaining in red


cells. Relapse is a return of clinical symptoms from liver stages (hypnozoites).
● Treatment:
○ Suppressive (to avoid infection)
○ Therapeutic (eliminate erythrocytic)
○ Radical cure (eliminate hypnozoites)
○ Gametocidal (destruction of gametocytes)

Successful treatment is accomplished with chloroquine followed by primaquine. Chloroquine therapy


is suppressive, therapeutic, and gametocidal, whereas primaquine eliminates the exoerythrocytic
form.

us
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