1. What is the primary function of the heart? b.

Platelets
a. To produce hormones c. White blood cells
b. To pump blood throughout the body d. Red blood cells
c. To store oxygen 9. Which layer of the heart is the thickest and responsible for
d. To filter waste pumping?
2. Which chamber of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the a. Endocardium
lungs? b. Epicardium
a. Right atrium c. Myocardium
b. Left atrium d. Pericardium
c. Right ventricle 10. What is the term for the rhythmic contraction and relaxation of the
d. Left ventricle heart?
3. What is the name of the valve located between the left atrium and a. Diastole
left ventricle? b. Systole
a. Tricuspid valve c. Cardiac cycle
b. Mitral valve d. Arrhythmia
c. Aortic valve 11. What type of circulation carries oxygen-rich blood from the heart to
d. Pulmonary valve the rest of the body?
4. What type of blood vessel carries blood away from the heart? a. Pulmonary circulation
a. Veins b. Systemic circulation
b. Arteries c. Coronary circulation
c. Capillaries d. Lymphatic circulation
d. Venules 12. What is the normal range for blood pressure in adults?
5. What is the largest artery in the human body? a. 90/60 mmHg
a. Pulmonary artery b. 120/80 mmHg
b. Aorta c. 140/90 mmHg
c. Carotid artery d. 160/100 mmHg
d. Coronary artery 13. Which vein carries oxygenated blood?
6. Which blood vessels are responsible for gas exchange in the tissues? a. Pulmonary vein
a. Arteries b. Superior vena cava
b. Veins c. Inferior vena cava
c. Capillaries d. Jugular vein
d. Arterioles 14. What is the name of the pacemaker of the heart?
7. What is the function of red blood cells? a. Atrioventricular node
a. To fight infections b. Sinoatrial node
b. To transport oxygen c. Bundle of His
c. To clot blood d. Purkinje fibers
d. To regulate temperature 15. What blood vessel connects arteries to veins?
8. Which component of blood helps in clotting? a. Capillaries
a. Plasma b. Arterioles
 c. Venules 4. b. Arteries. Arteries carry blood away from the heart. Most arteries carry oxygen-
d. Coronary arteries rich blood, except the pulmonary artery.
16. What part of the blood is primarily water and serves as a medium 5. b. Aorta. The aorta is the largest artery in the body, distributing oxygen-rich
blood from the left ventricle to the body.
for transport?
6. c. Capillaries. Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels where oxygen and carbon
a. Red blood cells dioxide exchange occurs between blood and tissues.
b. Plasma 7. b. To transport oxygen. Red blood cells contain hemoglobin, which binds to
c. Platelets oxygen and transports it throughout the body.
d. White blood cells 8. b. Platelets. Platelets are cell fragments that play a key role in blood clotting by
17. Which part of the heart prevents backflow into the right atrium? forming plugs at injury sites.
a. Mitral valve 9. c. Myocardium. The myocardium is the muscular middle layer of the heart,
b. Aortic valve responsible for the forceful contractions that pump blood.
c. Tricuspid valve 10. c. Cardiac cycle. The cardiac cycle includes the rhythmic contraction (systole)
and relaxation (diastole) of the heart.
d. Pulmonary valve
11. b. Systemic circulation. Systemic circulation carries oxygenated blood from the
18. What is the condition where fatty deposits build up in the arteries? heart to the body and returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart.
a. Hypertension 12. b. 120/80 mmHg. A normal adult blood pressure is around 120/80 mmHg, with
b. Arrhythmia 120 representing systolic pressure and 80 diastolic pressure.
c. Atherosclerosis 13. a. Pulmonary vein. Unlike most veins, the pulmonary vein carries oxygen-rich
d. Thrombosis blood from the lungs to the left atrium.
19. What is the oxygen-binding protein in red blood cells? 14. b. Sinoatrial node. The sinoatrial (SA) node acts as the pacemaker, initiating
a. Hemoglobin electrical impulses that regulate the heart's rhythm.
b. Myoglobin 15. A. Capillaries. Capillaries connect arteries and veins and allow exchange of
gases, nutrients, and waste products.
c. Albumin 16. b. Plasma. Plasma, mostly water, serves as the medium for transporting cells,
d. Globulin nutrients, hormones, and waste in the blood.
20. What is the average resting heart rate for a healthy adult? 17. c. Tricuspid valve. The tricuspid valve prevents backflow of blood from the right
a. 30-50 beats per minute ventricle to the right atrium during ventricular contraction.
b. 60-100 beats per minute 18. c. Atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is the buildup of fatty deposits (plaques) in the
c. 100-140 beats per minute walls of arteries, which can restrict blood flow.
d. 140-180 beats per minute 19. A. Hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells that binds to oxygen,
allowing its transport to tissues.
20. b. 60-100 beats per minute. A healthy adult's average resting heart rate ranges
Answer Key with Rationale from 60-100 beats per minute, indicating proper cardiac function.

1. b. To pump blood throughout the body. The heart’s primary function is to pump
blood, ensuring the distribution of oxygen and nutrients to tissues and the
removal of waste products.
2. b. Left atrium. The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs through
the pulmonary veins.
3. b. Mitral valve. The mitral (or bicuspid) valve prevents backflow of blood from
the left ventricle to the left atrium.
1. This blood vessel type experiences the highest pressure during the 1. Arteries carry blood away from the heart and experience high pressure
cardiac cycle and carries blood away from the heart. due to ventricular contractions.
2. Name the valve that prevents backflow of blood into the right ventricle 2. Pulmonary valve prevents backflow into the right ventricle during
when it relaxes. relaxation.
3. This structure in the heart generates electrical impulses to regulate 3. The SA node is the heart’s natural pacemaker, initiating electrical
heartbeat rhythm. impulses.
4. Identify the blood vessels where oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange 4. Gas exchange between blood and tissues occurs in the thin walls of
occur between blood and tissues. capillaries.
5. The blood vessel carrying deoxygenated blood from the upper body to 5. Superior vena cava. This large vein carries deoxygenated blood from
the heart is called this. the upper body to the right atrium.
6. This iron-rich protein in red blood cells binds to oxygen for transport 6. Hemoglobin is an oxygen-carrying protein found in red blood cells.
throughout the body. 7. Atherosclerosis. This condition is caused by plaque buildup, narrowing
7. What condition occurs when fatty deposits form plaques in arterial walls, the arteries.
restricting blood flow? 8. The myocardium is the thickest layer of the heart, responsible for
8. This layer of the heart is responsible for the pumping action and is the pumping blood.
thickest layer. 9. The sympathetic nervous system increases heart rate during stress or
9. A patient’s heart rate increases dramatically during exercise. This system exercise.
triggers the change. What is it called? 10. Systolic pressure is the force exerted on blood vessel walls during
10. During ventricular contraction, this term describes the pressure exerted ventricular contraction.
on the blood vessel walls. 11. Pulmonary circulation involves the transport of deoxygenated blood to
11. This type of circulation moves oxygen-poor blood from the heart to the the lungs and back to the heart.
lungs and back to the heart. 12. Platelets initiate clot formation to prevent bleeding during injuries.
12. Which component of blood helps in clot formation when an injury 13. Veins return blood to the heart, and compromised veins can lead to
occurs? swelling and poor circulation.
13. A patient reports swelling in their legs due to poor blood return to the 14. Coronary arteries. These arteries supply oxygen and nutrients to the
heart. Which blood vessel type might be compromised? heart muscle.
14. This artery supplies oxygenated blood to the heart muscle itself. 15. The ventricles are the lower chambers of the heart that pump blood to
15. Identify the two lower chambers of the heart that pump blood out of the the lungs and the body.
heart. 16. A blood pressure reading of 140/90 mmHg or higher is classified as
16. A blood pressure reading of 140/90 mmHg is considered this condition. hypertension.
17. This term refers to the small blood vessels that link arteries to veins. 17. Capillaries connect arteries to veins and facilitate exchange of gases and
18. If the sinoatrial node fails to function properly, this medical device may nutrients.
be surgically implanted to regulate heart rhythm. 18. A pacemaker may be implanted to regulate heart rhythm if the sinoatrial
19. When a blood clot forms and obstructs blood flow to the brain, this node is dysfunctional.
medical emergency occurs. 19. A stroke occurs when blood flow to the brain is obstructed, often by a
20. During a physical exam, the “lub-dub” sounds are heard. These sounds clot.
are caused by the closure of what structures?
20. The “lub-dub” sounds are caused by the closing of the heart valves 20. The coronary arteries supply blood directly to the heart
during the cardiac cycle. muscle.
1. The right side of the heart pumps oxygen-rich blood to the Answer Key:
body.
2. Arteries always carry oxygen-rich blood. 1. False – The right side of the heart pumps oxygen-poor blood to the lungs.
3. The sinoatrial (SA) node is known as the heart’s natural 2. False – Most arteries carry oxygen-rich blood, but the pulmonary artery
pacemaker. carries oxygen-poor blood.
4. Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels in the body. 3. True – The sinoatrial node initiates the heart’s electrical impulses.
4. True – Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels and are involved in gas
5. The pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood to the heart. and nutrient exchange.
6. The myocardium is the innermost layer of the heart. 5. True – The pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to
7. Blood pressure is typically measured in veins. the heart.
8. Plasma makes up more than half of the volume of blood. 6. False – The myocardium is the middle layer of the heart responsible for
9. Veins have valves to prevent the backflow of blood. pumping.
7. False – Blood pressure is measured in arteries, not veins.
10. The “lub-dub” sounds of the heart are caused by the opening 8. True – Plasma constitutes about 55% of blood volume.
of the valves. 9. True – Veins have valves to prevent blood from flowing backward.
11. White blood cells are responsible for transporting oxygen. 10. False – The “lub-dub” sounds are caused by the closing of the valves.
12. The aorta is the largest vein in the human body. 11. False – Red blood cells, not white blood cells, transport oxygen.
13. Atherosclerosis is a condition characterized by the narrowing 12. False – The aorta is the largest artery, not a vein.
13. True – Atherosclerosis involves the buildup of fatty deposits in arteries.
of blood vessels due to plaque buildup. 14. True – The left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood to the body through
14. The left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood to the entire body the aorta.
through the aorta. 15. True – Pulmonary circulation involves moving oxygen-poor blood to the
15. Pulmonary circulation carries oxygen-poor blood to the lungs and back.
lungs and returns oxygen-rich blood to the heart. 16. False – The tricuspid valve is between the right atrium and right
ventricle.
16. The tricuspid valve is located between the left atrium and left
17. True – Blood is made up of these components.
ventricle. 18. True – The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood from the heart
17. Blood is composed of red blood cells, white blood cells, to the lungs.
platelets, and plasma. 19. False – Systolic pressure is the pressure during heart contraction, not rest.
18. The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood from the 20. True – Coronary arteries supply oxygenated blood to the heart muscle.
heart to the lungs.
19. Systolic pressure refers to the pressure in blood vessels when
the heart is at rest.