S.N SPECI TEACH A.V.
AI EVALU
O FIC ING DS ATION
OBJE LEARN
CTIVE CONTENT ING
ACTIV
ITY
1. Introduce INTRODUCTION Discussion Flip chart What do
about the method you
breast Breast feeding practice is followed everywhere in India, understand
feeding. except among higher socio- economic groups, who tend to by the breast
look for alternatives to breast-feeding. Ignorance of the feeding?
advantages of breast-feeding and the proper method often
leads to discontinuation in most cases.
2.
Define the
DEFINITION Lecture Flip chart What do
definition The child has received breast milk direct from the breast method you mean
of the or expressed. by breast
breast feeding?
feeding. Or
Breast feeding is normal way of providing young infants
with the nutrients they need for healthy growth and
development. Virtually all mothers can breastfeed,
provided they have accurate information, and the support
of their family, the health care system and society at
large.
3.
To tell IMPORTANCE Lecture Flip chart What are the
about the method importance
importanc The ability of the breasts to produce milk diminishes soon of breast
e of breast after childbirth, without the stimulation of breast-feeding. feeding?
feeding.
The immunity factors in breast milk can help the body
fight off infections.
Breast milk contains vitamins, minerals and enzymes,
which aid the baby’s digestion.
Breast and formula feeding can be used together.
. Breast milk contains infection-fighting anti-bodies from
the mother
Breast feeding in the initial 4- months of the baby’s life
reduces the chances of infection and increases the
immunity of the baby.
The amino acids in breast milk, the building blocks of
proteins, are well balanced for the baby. These proteins
best aid the baby’s intestinal tract.
The emotional bonding between the baby and mother is
strengthened & gives a feeling of satisfaction and
achievement to the mother.
It is much cheaper than artificial feeding.
The baby should be put to the breast as soon as possible after
birth. The initial yellowish and thick fluid (colostrums) is rich in
proteins and protective antibodies The more the baby suckles,
more milk is produced, so avoid top feed as it will discourage
milk production. Most women make enough milk to nourish
their infants so do not get discouraged by people's statements
that 'there is not enough milk'. Listen to your baby's doctor and
your own instincts.
4. Describe ADVANTAGES OF BREAST-FEEDING
the Lecture Flip chart Explain the
advantage method advantages
of breast Breastfeeding is a wonderful gift for mother as well as the baby. of breast
feeding. Many mothers feel fulfilment and joy from the physical and feeding?
emotional communion they experience with their child while
nursing. These feelings are augmented by the release of
hormones such as prolactin, which produces a peaceful,
nurturing sensation that allows the mother to relax and focus on
the baby and oxytocin, which promotes a strong sense of love
and attachment between the mother and the baby.
ADVANTAGES FOR BABY:
NUTRITIVE VALUE:-
Breast milk contains all the nutrients in the right proportion
which are needed for optimum growth and development of the
baby up to 4 to 6 months.
It is essential for brain growth of the infant because it has high
percentage of lactose and galactose which are important
components of galactocerebroside.
It facilitates absorption of calcium which helps in bony growth.
It contains amino acids like taurine and cysteine which are
important as neurotransmitters.
Breast milk fats are polyunsaturated fatty acids which are
necessary for the myelination of the nervous system.
It has vitamins, minerals, electrolytes and water in the right
proportion for the infant which are necessary for the maturation
of the intestinal tract.
It provides 66 calories per 100ml and contains 1.2g protein, 3.8g
fat, 7g lactose and vitamin D 2.2IU, calcium 35mg, phosphorus
15mg in 100ml, which is sufficient for the baby.
It provides specific nutrition for preterm baby in preterm
delivery.
DIGESTIBILITY:-
Breast milk is easily digestible. The protein of breast milk
are mostly lacto albumin and lacto globulin which form a soft
curds that is easy to digest. The enzyme lipase in the breast milk
helps in the digestion of fats and provide free fatty acids.
PROTECTIVE VALUE:-
Breast milk contains IgA, IgM, macrophages, lymphocytes,
bifidus factors, unsaturated lactoferrin, lysozyme component
and interferon. Thus breastfed body less likely to develop
infections especially gastrointestinal and respiratory tract
infections, diarrhoea and ARI.
It also provide protection against malaria and various viral and
bacterial infections, septicaemia, etc.
Breastfeeding protects the infant from allergy and bronchial
asthma. It also protects against neonatal hypocalcaemia, tetany,
necrotizing enterocolitis, deficiency of vitamin E and zink,
neonatal convulsions and sudden infant death syndrome.
Exclusive breast feeding baby has less chance of developing
malnutrition, hypertension diabetes mellitus, coronary artery
disease arteriosclerosis, ulcerative colitis, appendicitis,
childhood lymphoma, liver disease; celiac disease and dental
caries.
PSYCHOLOGICAL BENEFITS:-
Breastfeeding promotes close physical and emotional bondage
with the mother by frequent skin to skin contact, attention and
interaction. It stimulates psychomotor and social development.
It leads to better parent child adjustment, fewer behavioural
disorders in children and less risk of child abuse and neglect.
Breastfeeding promotes development of higher intelligence and
feeling of security in infant.
ADVANTAGES FOR MOTHER:-
BONDING:-
According to some authorities, there is a growing body of
evidence that suggests that early skin-to-skin contact (also
called kangaroo care) of mother and baby stimulates breast
feeding behaviour in the baby. Newborn infants who are
immediately placed on their mother’s skin have a natural
instinct to latch on to the breast and start nursing, typically
within one hour of being born. It is thought that immediate skin-
to-skin contact provides a form of imprinting that makes
subsequent feeding significantly easier. The World Health
Organization reports that in addition to more successful
breastfeeding, skin-to-skin contact between a mother and her
newborn baby immediately after delivery also reduces crying,
improves mother to infant interaction, and keeps baby warm.
WEIGHT LOSS:-
As the fat accumulated during pregnancy is used to produce
milk, extended breastfeeding—at least 6 months—can help
mothers lose weight. However, weight loss is highly variable
among lactating women; monitoring the diet and increasing the
amount/intensity of exercise are more reliable ways of losing
weight. The 2007 review for the AHRQ found "The effect of
breastfeeding in mothers on return-to-pre-pregnancy weight was
negligible, and the effect of breastfeeding on postpartum weight
loss was unclear."
GESTATIONAL CHANGES:-
Dramatic changes occur in a pregnant woman’s metabolism
and body composition as she accommodates the demands of
providing for the nutritional needs of the growing fetus, and
metabolizing for two. In anticipation of lactation, the mother
accumulates some stores of visceral fat, but most of it is stored
as subcutaneous fat in the thighs, arms, buttocks, and breasts.
This shift in fat content leads to
increased insulin production, insulin resistance, and circulating
lipid levels in the mother.
LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF LACTATION ON
HEALTH AND BODY COMPOSITION:-
Recent data suggests that lactation is associated with a reduced
risk in chronic diseases such as type-2 diabetes and heart
disease. The long-term effects of lactation on body composition
vary, and seem to be influenced by socioeconomic
factors. Studies have consistently indicated that lactation helps
prepare the mother’s body for subsequent pregnancies and
reduces complications in later periods of gestation and birth.
Further research is needed to examine the long-term effects of
lactation on maternal body composition and risk for chronic
disease.
NATURAL POSTPARTUM INFERTILITY:-
Breastfeeding may delay the return to fertility for some women
by suppressing ovulation. A breastfeeding woman may
not ovulate, or have regular periods, during the entire lactation
period. The period in which ovulation is absent differs for each
woman. This lactational amenorrhea has been used as an
imperfect form of natural contraception, with greater than 98%
effectiveness during the first six months after birth if specific
nursing behaviours are followed. It is possible for women to
ovulate within two months after birth while fully breastfeeding
and get pregnant again.
5. To tell SOME IMPORTANT POINTS: Lecture Flip chart Enlist the
about the method important
important 1. The mother should sit in a comfortable position, hold points for
points of the baby in her arms and offer the baby her whole breast
the breast feeding?
breast & not just the nipple.
feeding.
2. The baby should be fed from a different breast each
time so that both breasts produce the maximum
amount of milk.
3. The baby should be fed, whenever she is hungry.
Before offering the second breast to the baby, it should
be ensured that the baby sucks the fat rich hind milk
from the first breast.
4. A daily bath is sufficient to keep the breasts clean.
5. Frequent cleaning with soap removes the natural oils
from the breasts, predisposing the nipples to develop
fissures.
6. Burping the baby after every feed by holding her
against the shoulder is advisable.
7. A mother who is feeding her baby should eat healthy
foods to keep up her strength & feed the baby letter.
8. At times the breasts may feel hot, heavy and hard, due
to accumulation of milk.
9. The mother should be encouraged to let the baby
continue to suck for as long as possible.
10.If still enough milk is not removed, the milk should be
squeezed out in a clear (preferably) boiled cup using
the thumb and the finger.
11.A warm compress on the breast or a warm bath is also
helpful.
12.If the baby is fed frequently both during the day and
night this condition (engorgement of breast) is
uncommon.
If nipples are cracked and painful, the mother is advised to
leave a drop of hind milk on, the nipple after feeding as this
helps in healing.
For the first 72 hours, your body will make only
colostrums a sparse quantity of milk. It is high in
antibodies and is a must for every newborn. Keep
offering the breast to your baby and milk supply will
eventually kick in.
The more the baby suckles, more milk is produced, so
avoid top feed as it will discourage milk production.
Most women make enough milk to nourish their infants so do
not get discouraged by people's statements that 'there is not
enough milk'. Listen to your baby's doctor and your own
instincts
When mother give feed her baby so what thing she kept her
mind –
Before you begin a feed make sure that you are
comfortable. Babies can feed for long durations and if
you are uncomfortable you will give up easily. Take as
many pillows as you need, and make sure you don't
feel any strain.
Position your baby in such a way that she faces you.
Offer the breast to your baby. Babies have a natural
rooting and suckling reflex and they actually look for
the breast at birth.
Your baby has to take a major part of the areola in his
mouth. The nipple is only the excretion point and if the
baby suckles only on the nipple there will be no
stimulation and hence no milk. This will lead to
frustration for the baby who will then suckle harder
and cause sore and cracked nipples, which can very
painful for you.
Do not time your baby. Let him nurse for as long as he
wishes on the first breast. Once you feel that the breast
has emptied and the baby slows down, break the baby's
hold on your breast by inserting a finger in the corner
of his mouth.
Burp the baby. This will effectively release any air that
the baby has swallowed while nursing. It will make the
baby comfortable and also make space in the stomach
for more milk. It can help in increasing the time gap
between feeds.
Offer the second breast to the baby. When you begin
feeding the next time, make sure your second breast is
the starting point and repeat the entire cycle.
6. Describe POSITIONING OF BREAST FEEDING Discussion Flip chart Explain the
the method position of
positions the breast
of the feeding?
breast
feeding.
BREAST-FEEDING: CROSS-CRADLE HOLD:-
Breast-feeding can be awkward at first. Experiment with various
positions until you feel comfortable.
The cross-cradle hold is ideal for early breast-feeding. Sit up
straight in a comfortable chair with armrests. Hold your baby
crosswise in the crook of the arm opposite the breast you're
feeding from — left arm for right breast, right arm for left.
Support the baby's trunk and head with your forearm and palm.
Place your other hand beneath your breast in a U-shaped hold to
guide the baby's mouth to your breast. Don't bend over or lean
forward. Instead, cradle your baby close to your breast.
BREAST-FEEDING: CRADLE HOLD:-
The cradle hold is similar to the cross-cradle hold, but you
support the baby with the arm on the same side as the nursing
breast, rather than the opposite arm. As with the cross-cradle
hold, sit up straight — preferably in a chair with armrests.
Cradle your baby and rest his or her head in the crook of your
elbow while he or she faces your breast.
BREAST-FEEDING: FOOTBALL HOLD:-
Another option is the football hold. This position may be a good
choice if you're recovering from a C-section, you have large
breasts or you're nursing two babies at once.
Hold your baby at your side, with your elbow bent. With your
open hand, support your baby's head and face him or her toward
your breast. Your baby's back will rest on your forearm. It may
help to support your breast in a C-shaped hold with your other
hand. For comfort, put a pillow on your lap and use a chair with
broad, low arms.
BREAST-FEEDING: SIDE-LYING HOLD:-
A lying position may help your baby latch onto your breast
correctly in the early days of breast-feeding, especially after a
C-section. It's also a good choice when you're tired.
Lie on your side and face your baby toward your breast,
supporting him or her with the hand of the arm you're resting
on. With your other arm and hand, grasp your breast and then
touch your nipple to your baby's lips. Once your baby
7. WHAT ARE THE WARNING SIGNS THAT MY
To tell Lecture Flip chart What are the
about the BABY ISN'T GETTING ENOUGH MILK:- method warning
warning signs of
signs of breast
the breast • Your baby does not begin to regain his birth weight and put on feeding?
feeding. weight after the first few days.
• Your breasts don't feel softer after feeds.
• Your baby is unsettled, cranky or lethargic most of the time.
• Your baby has dimples in his cheeks or makes clicking noises
while breastfeeding. (This is a sign that your baby is not latched
on properly and you will need to get expert help from your
doctor or infant feeding specialist to make sure that your
technique is right)
• Your baby is wetting fewer than six to eight nappies in a 24-
hour period after the five days following birth. The color of the
urine may occasionally be darker and not a cause of worry. You
may however bring it to your doctor’s notice.
• Your baby doesn't have a bowel movement at least once a day
or is having small, dark stools five days or more after birth.
• He becomes more yellow, instead of less, after the first week.
• He does not develop a rounded face by about three weeks.
• Your baby's skin remains wrinkled after the first week.
If you're concerned about any of these signs, call your doctor.
You will be giving your baby enough milk if:
• Your baby is latched on well at the breast and feeds on
demand
• Feeding is comfortable and painless
• Your baby changes rhythm whilst sucking and pauses during
feeds, starts feeding again without prompting, and comes off the
breast spontaneously when he's finished.
If your baby is showing these signs, then it is very unlikely that
you are underfeeding him. One of the hardest things about
beginning a breastfeeding relationship is feeling confident that
you are giving your baby enough milk. No doubt you are, but
you shouldn't hesitate, in the early days of breastfeeding, to get
reassurance and help from your doctor and perhaps speak to a
friend who has been nursing for a while.
Traditionally, fenugreek seeds or methi dana is recommended to
increase breast milk. You may want to soak about half a
teaspoon in water overnight and drink the water with the seeds
in the morning. It is also essential that you eat a well-balanced
diet and try not to worry too much about whether you are able to
provide adequate milk to your baby.
Lecture Flip chart What is the
8. To tell IDEAL TIME OF BREASTFEEDING:- method ideal time
about the for breast
ideal time feeding?
of breast
In the half hour after birth, the baby's suckling reflex is
feeding. strongest, and the baby is more alert, so it is the ideal time to
start breastfeeding.. Early breast-feeding is associated with
fewer nighttime feeding problems
TIME AND PLACE FOR BREASTFEEDING:- Discussion Flip chart Which time
9. To tell the method and place is
appropriat appropriate
e time and Breastfeeding at least every two to three hours helps to maintain for the
place for milk production. For most women, eight breastfeeding or breast
the breast pumping sessions every 24 hours keeps their milk production feeding?
feeding. high. Newborn babies may feed more often than this: 10 to 12
breastfeeding sessions every 24 hours is common, and some
may even feed 18 times a day. Feeding a baby "on demand"
(sometimes referred to as "on cue"), means feeding when the
baby shows signs hungering this way rather than by the clock
helps to maintain milk production and ensure the baby's needs
for milk and comfort are being met. However, it may be
important to recognize whether a baby is truly hungry, as
breastfeeding too frequently may mean the child receives a
disproportionately high amount of foremilk, and not enough
hind milk.
"Experienced breastfeeding mothers learn that the sucking
patterns and needs of babies vary. While some infants' sucking
needs are met primarily during feedings, other babies may need
additional sucking at the breast soon after a feeding even though
they are not really hungry. Babies may also nurse when they are
lonely, frightened or in pain. "
"Comforting and meeting sucking needs at the breast is nature's
original design. Pacifiers (dummies, soothers) are literally a
substitute for the mother when she can't be available. Other
reasons to pacify a baby primarily at the breast include superior
oral-facial development, prolonged lactational amenorrhea, and
avoidance of nipple confusion and stimulation of an adequate
milk supply to ensure higher rates of breastfeeding success. "
SOME WOMEN DONATE THEIR EXPRESSED
BREAST MILK (EBM) TO OTHERS, EITHER
EXPRESSING BREAST MILK:-
MANUAL BREAST PUMP:-
When direct breastfeeding is not possible, a mother can express
(artificially remove and store) her milk. With manual massage
or using a Breast pump press her milk and keep it in freezer
storage bags, a supplemental nursing system, or a Bottle or use.
Breast milk may be kept at room temperature for up to ten
hours, refrigerated for up to eight days or frozen for up to four
to six months. Pressing breast milk can maintain a mother's milk
supply when she and her child are apart. If a sick baby is unable
to feed, expressed milk can be fed through a nasogastric tube.
If an older baby bites the nipple, the mother's reaction - a jump
and a cry of pain - is usually enough to discourage the child
from biting again.
"Exclusively Expressing", "Exclusively pumping" and "Epping"
are terms for a mother who feeds her baby exclusively on her
breast milk while not physically breastfeeding. This may arise
because her baby is unable or unwilling to latch on to the breast
10. CONCLUSION:-
Breastfeeding is the best feeding of an infant or young child
with breast milk directly from female human breasts.
Breastfeeding is the best natural feeding and breast milk is best
milk. The basic food of infant is mother’s milk. Some of the
nutrients in breast milk also help to protect infant against some
common childhood illnesses and infections. It may also help the
mothers health. Certain types of cancer may occur less often in
mothers who have breastfed their babies.
