Week 11

Pattern 7 N1 TrV (transitive verb) N2

The girl bought a dress
(1) (2) (3)
 In pattern 7, the verb is a transitive verb which is completed by a noun or a
nominal, for which one can substitute him, her, it, or them. This noun, as shown
by the superscript 2, does not have the same referent as the subject ( N 1 ). It is
called the DO.
 Since there is a DO, pattern 7 can be put into passive form by making the DO the
S of the passive verb.
Ex: The girl bought a dress => A dress was bought by the girl.
 The 3rd position can be occupied by other words or word-groups in function DO /
Nal.
 When the N2 is a reflexive pronoun (myself, yourself, himself …) the both nouns
(S & DO) refer to the same person.
Verbs with reflexive pronouns are not made passive.
Ex: He scratched himself.

Pattern 8 N1 TrV N2 N3
The mother bought the girl a dress
(1) (2) (3) (4)
 The superscript 1, 2, 3 indicate that each noun has a different referent.
 The verb has two objects: IO (the girl) and DO (a dress)
 The IO may often be replaced by a PP.
Ex: He sold the student a ticket.
NP/IO/Nal
He sold a ticket to the student.
PP/IO/Nal
He built them a playpen.
PN/IO/Nal
He built a playpen for them.
PP/IO/Nal
He played me a game of chess.
PN/IO/Nal
He played a game of chess with me.
PP/IO/Nal
He asked her a question.
PN/IO/Nal
He asked a question of her.
PP/IO/Nal
  The verbs that can be used in Pattern 8 are in a restricted group. Some of the
common ones are give, make, find, tell, buy, send, ask, play, build, teach, assign,
feed, offer, throw, hand, pass, sell, pay.
 Pattern 8 can be transformed into the passive by making either the IO or DO the
subject of the passive verb.
Ex: The girl was bought a dress by her mother.
RO (retained object)

A dress was bought for the girl by her mother.

RO
 If a pronoun is used in the position of the DO ( N3 ), it must be put before the IO.
Ex: The mother bought it for the girl.
Not The mother bought the girl it.
Similarly, if the two objects are both pronouns, the DO must occur first.
Ex: The mother bought it for her.
Not The mother bought her it.
Note: For the explain-type verbs and verbs that may have an IO without a DO, the IO is
always in the form of a PP and cannot be made the subject of the passive verb.

Pattern 9 N1 TrV N2 N2

The students chose Peter leader

(1) (2) (3) (4)
 The 3 position is occupied by a DO / Nal and can be of different parts of speech.
rd

Ex: Paul considered Peter his friend. (noun)

The judges designated him winner. (pronoun)
I consider to live this way to be in prison. (inf.P)
I find watching TV a waste of time. (GP)
He considered whoever came to his party his best friends. (NC)
 The 4 position is an OC and can be occupied by different words or word-groups.
th

Ex: They elected John President.

I thought the caller you.
I considered to study that way wasting time. What? Nal
He found to travel around the world to study. DO = OC
You can call me whatever you like.
We thought Chico to be a fine player.

I found her charming.

I imagine her eating. How? Ajal
I believe him seated.
We considered her in the way (bothersome).
 We supposed him upstairs. Where? Aval

 In Pattern 9, only the DO can be made the subject of the passive verb.
Ex: John was elected President.
Not President was elected John. (No sense)
 Only a small group of verbs can be used for Pattern 9: name, choose, elect,
appoint, designate, select, vote, make, declare, nominate, call, fancy, consider,
imagine, think, believe, feel, keep, suppose, find, prove, label, judge.
EXERCISE 18
Identify the pattern of the following sentences
1. Your recital was wonderful.
2. Mabel was here a moment ago.
3. The rancher told his guests a tall tale.
4. The archers were not successful hunters.
5. The frogs croaked in the marsh.
6. Jerry thought the proposal a mistake.
7. She had been secretary for a long time.
8. The Roman won the first battle.
9. The judges believed Lightening the best horse in the show.
10. The director found him a new costume.
11. My uncle remained the worst bridge player in town.
12. The coach designated Jane the new manager of the team.
13. Migrant workers pick the strawberries in early June.
14. The glasses are in the cupboard.
15. Your cigar smells so aromatic.
16. He has always seemed a serious boy.
17. Who is at the cottage this week?
18. They stayed roommates for three years.
19. The board elected Mr. John the president.
20. She fed him the baby food.

Sometimes, the same sentence may be of two different patterns, so it has two different
meaning and is ambiguous.

EXERCISE 19
Identify the possible patterns in the following sentences then give the two possible
meanings according to the patterns identified.
1. He found her a doll.
i. Pat. 8: He found a doll for her.
ii. Pat. 9: He considered her as a doll.
2. The guard turned out a drunkard.
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 3. I’m getting her socks.
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4. The man gave the library books.
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5. It was a little pasty.
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6. He accepted Wednesday.
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7. The doctor made them well.
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8. She taught the group singing.
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9. He found the mechanic a helper.
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10.Our spaniel made a good friend.
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11.The judges designated the girl winner.
.......................................................................................................................
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12.The detective looked hard.
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13.Mary called her mother.
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14.He considered those errors.
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TEST 6
1. The sentence pattern of ‘on the beach now is much better than in class’ is:
a. pattern 1 b. pattern 2 c. pattern 3 d. pattern 4
2. The sentence pattern of ‘to be on the beach now is what I am dreaming of’ is:
a. pattern 1 b. pattern 2 c. pattern 3 d. pattern 4
3. The sentence pattern of ‘the game must be at 3:00’ is:
a. pattern 1 b. pattern 2 c. pattern 3 d. pattern 4
4. The sentence pattern of ‘they are in love with each other’ is:
a. pattern 1 b. pattern 2 c. pattern 3 d. pattern 4
5. The sentence pattern of ‘my favorite hiding place is under the table’ is:
a. pattern 1 b. pattern 2 c. pattern 3 d. pattern 4
6. The sentence pattern of ‘in a corner of the room is an old wardrobe cramped with old clothes’
is:
a. pattern 1 b. pattern 2 c. pattern 3 d. pattern 4
7. The sentence pattern of ‘she is never at home on weekends’ is:
a. pattern 1 b. pattern 2 c. pattern 3 d. pattern 4
8. The sentence pattern of ‘the screw worked loose’ is:
a. pattern 4 b. pattern 5 c. pattern 6 d. pattern 7
9. The sentence pattern of ‘his face went pale when seeing the teacher’ is:
a. pattern 4 b. pattern 5 c. pattern 6 d. pattern 7
10. The sentence pattern of ‘the tent flap blew open during the night’ is:
a. pattern 4 b. pattern 5 c. pattern 6 d. pattern 7
11. The sentence pattern of ‘the workers worked hard all night to finish the job’ is:
a. pattern 4 b. pattern 5 c. pattern 6 d. pattern 7
12. The sentence pattern of ‘the bird flew high in the sky’ is:
a. pattern 4 b. pattern 5 c. pattern 6 d. pattern 7
13. The sentence pattern of ‘the girl made a fruit cake’ is:
a. pattern 4 b. pattern 5 c. pattern 6 d. pattern 7
14. The sentence pattern of ‘a fruit cake makes a nice gift’ is:
a. pattern 4 b. pattern 5 c. pattern 6 d. pattern 7
15. The sentence pattern of ‘to be wealthy doesn’t mean to be happy’ is:
a. pattern 4 b. pattern 5 c. pattern 6 d. pattern 7
16. The sentence pattern of ‘the well ran dry’ is:
a. pattern 4 b. pattern 5 c. pattern 6 d. pattern 7
17. The sentence pattern of ‘the patient is lying still on the hospital bed’ is:
a. pattern 4 b. pattern 5 c. pattern 6 d. pattern 7
18. The sentence pattern of ‘the boy opened wide his mouth’ is:
a. pattern 4 b. pattern 5 c. pattern 6 d. pattern 7
19. The sentence pattern of “the dentist says, ‘Open wide the mouth’” is:
a. pattern 4 b. pattern 5 c. pattern 6 d. pattern 7
20. The sentence pattern of “Jim fell sick during the night’” is:
a. pattern 4 b. pattern 5 c. pattern 6 d. pattern 7
21. The sentence pattern of “Jim fell off the ladder last night’” is:
a. pattern 4 b. pattern 5 c. pattern 6 d. pattern 7
22. The sentence pattern of “you will never keep slender that way’” is:
a. pattern 4 b. pattern 5 c. pattern 6 d. pattern 7
23. The sentence pattern of “you should keep the gun this way’” is:
a. pattern 4 b. pattern 5 c. pattern 6 d. pattern 7
24. The sentence pattern of “the dentist told the boy an interesting story’ is:
a. pattern 6 b. pattern 7 c. pattern 8 d. pattern 9
25. The sentence pattern of “His notion that the stars influence our lives could not be shaken’”
is:
a. pattern 4 b. pattern 5 c. pattern 6 d. pattern 7
EXERCISE 20
Identify the sentence pattern of the following sentences and then analyze the
underlined parts by Form, Function, and Position.
1. No matter you agree or not, I shall pay him the price he asks. (P. 8)
AvC/M/Aval NP/DO/Nal
2. There’s not a man here but would like to be in your position.

3. The notion that people can work less and earn more is contrary to reason.

4. “How glad I am to see you” were his first words.

5. I meant to plug in the electric blanket but I plug in the electric kettle by mistake.

6. Lydia always mocks my attempts to speak French, but at least, I’m willing to try.

7. I’ve done everything I can to help Any get his life straightened.

8. If there should be a global nuclear war, some scientists predict that life on earth as

we know it would end forever.

9. The two men were fishing for trout in the clear stream beside the woodman’s

cottage.

10. The committee elected the oldest member president for the coming year.

11. Old Mother Hubbard went to the cupboard to fetch her poor dog a bone.

12. When she got there, the cupboard was bare, and so the poor dog had none.

13. If you write to this address, they will send you a colored brochure.

14. When April with his sweet showers has pierced the draught of March to the root,

people wish to go on pilgrimages.

15. Hardly knowing what to do, she picked up a little bit of stick and held it out to the

puppy
16. Alice looked at the jury-box and saw that, in her haste, she had put the lizard in

head downwards.

17. The poor little lizard was waving its tail in a melancholy way, being quite unable

to move.

18. To gain the maximum amount of fruit from a strawberry bed, a certain amount of

attention is badly needed.

19. By this time of year, most of us are viewing our flower borders with a fairly

critical eye, noting spaces where improvements can be made.

20. That people throw away money on gambling never ceases to amaze me.

21. They reported to the police what the prisoner had done to escape from the prison

always guarded by many soldiers.

22. It disappointed the candidate that few people came to listen to the speech he had

carefully prepared.

23. The small boy was quite sure that his father had told him that the earth was flat.

24. Although his fault may be great, he has achieved some notable successes that not

everybody can do.

25. After the snow shower had passed, the weary travelers continued trudging through

the deserted landscape.

26. It seems that the government is unaware of the difficulties which are being caused

by its policies .

27. All the fifteen bomber planes of the squadron re-crossed the channel safely that

night.
28. I find it amusing that children take their games so seriously.

29. They elected chairman the man who had worked all his life for the honor of the

company.

30. They found in a mud hut all the children who had been kidnapped a week ago.

31. He has been less fortunate than other entrepreneurs in his business deals.