Textbook of

Graphics Designing-I
Grade - IX

Chapter 2
Basics of Graphics Designing

After completing this section, students will be able to:-

• define graphic designing

• describe importance of graphic designing
• understand industrial usage of graphic designing
• describe opportunities for employment and advancement in graphic
designing field

National Vocational & Technical Training Commission (NAVTTC)

Chapter 2 | Basics of Graphic Design Chapter 2 | Basics of Graphic Design

2.1 Graphics Designing 2.2 Industrial Scope

Graphics designing is involved and has a vital scope in almost every industry. It has made a
Graphic design is a skill where professionals create visual content to communicate messages. By
permanent place in various industries. Some of the uses of graphics designing have been mentioned
applying visual hierarchy and page layout techniques, designers use typography and pictures to below:
meet users’ specific needs and focus on the logic of displaying elements in interactive designs, to
• Custom Logo
optimize the user experience.
A custom logo establishes credibility by creating brand recognition, and firmly positions your
Graphic design is an important tool that enhances how you communicate with other people. It serves company within the marketplace. A Logo is actually the first impression about a business or
to convey your ideas in a way that is not only effective, but also beautiful. Here are just a few organization. It should reflect the main theme of the organization and should match the vision
factors to consider before investing in graphic design services. statement or the moto of the organization. While there are many factors in building an impactful
logo and visual identity, a major influence on your logo’s success is its color scheme. Certain color
It conveys a message of credibility and professionalism combinations create distinct perceptions and elicit emotions. Examining the market trends in your
industry and understanding to which colors your customers respond, may make big differences.
As mentioned earlier, graphic design plays a significant role in the decision-making process. • Advertising
Companies that invest in quality graphic design are perceived to be more trustworthy. Presentation
and perception can make or break a business. Public is usually looking for signs of professionalism Considering the psychological effects that your branding has on prospects, your advertisements
to convince them that your business can be trusted. One such example is the way that you present need to follow a similar set of guidelines. Among a sea of expertly crafted ads, a poorly designed
yourself. It’s important to present yourself in the best possible way by investing in quality advert will easily become overlooked as noise. The chances that your ad will convert prospects
appearance of yourself (as with your business). without a hero image, strong graphic elements, and a clear call to action is required. In advertising,
or in any form of print or digital communications, your brand’s essence speaks louder than words.
It summarizes an idea • Marketing Collateral

Graphic design optimizes your marketing efforts across all channels, and is key to building a
Great graphic design summarizes these ideas in a way that’s pleasing to the eye. Persons may not
professional brand. Being consistent in your marketing collateral allows your brand to be easily
be willing to read a document that is trying to convince them to purchase your product, but they
recognizable, and allows your customers and clients quickly get familiar with what your company
will be willing to have a look at an image that serves the same purpose. Additionally, graphic
has to offer. The comfortability that clients and customers get through consistent marketing will
design needs to be consistent. All representations of your brand should be visually similar to build
ultimately lead to credibility. Your brand should have a strong visual foundation to communicate
trust and to ensure that your brand is recognizable. Great graphic design gives you this effective
its confidence in its offerings and expertise. This allows customers to engage with your business
consistency.
more frequently, in turn leading to stronger customer relationship management (CRM).

It makes You self-dependent • Presentations

In order to keep an audience engaged throughout a new presentation or pitch, you will need
Great graphic design allows you to make a positive first impression on viewer. Human beings form strategically structured and designed slides. This will be your effective strategy to win the crowd
initial opinions in a matter of seconds. On the other hand, it takes a lot more time to have a change over if paired with a smooth verbal delivery. Telling your story with enticing graphics that support
of heart after a first impression is made. Aesthetically pleasing, professionally designed graphics your product or services benefits in selling your work. Be sure that the flow of the presentation is
will cause other persons to form positive opinions about your product, service or brand. clear and concise with hard start/stops to denote a new topic or chapter.
Consequently, you or your business can by self-dependent.

• Social Media

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By using graphic design, you are able to establish a consistent brand footprint across all social media
platforms. Create an account on platforms where you feel your customers use most often. Try Marketing Manager
Facebook, LinkedIn, Instagram, Google Plus, and Twitter, just to name a few. Using custom-branded
graphics in your posts will tie your digital branding to your physical marketing collateral, leading A graphic designer with an affinity for the business side of promotions may find the role of
to a cohesive brand identity. Branding your own graphics lets your audience become more interested marketing manager a good fit. Marketing managers work with sales staff, art directors, and other
in your business and curious to see what else will be posted in the future and therefore be more management to guide product development, promotions, and sales. Familiarity with various
inclined to follow you on social media. marketing media are important for a marketing manager, understanding of market trends and the
ability to lead a diverse team and delegate roles is required. A bachelor's degree in marketing or a
related field is a minimum requirement for a marketing manager. In this competitive field,
2.3 Graphic Designer Career Options experience with digital advertising and several years of marketing and management experience can
set an applicant apart.
Graphic designers are creative individuals who use text and images - either computer generated or
hand drawn to express ideas. They work largely in marketing, advertising, publication - Multimedia Artist and Animator
collaborating with writers, art directors, and sales professionals. The common requirements for
graphic designers may be a bachelor's degree (or training) in graphic design, strong computer skills, A career move for a graphic designer may be multimedia artist and animator. Similar to a graphic
and a diverse portfolio. These qualifications, along with some years of experience in the field, can set designer, a multimedia artist and animator uses both hand-illustrated and computer-generated
a graphic designer up for several different career advancement options. Some career choices for images to produce a final product, the distinction, however, is that this final product is animated
graphics designers are mentioned below: rather than static. Multimedia artists and animators design for video games, movies, or television,
usually specializing in their chosen area. A bachelor's degree in a design-related field, such as
UX / Web Designer graphic design or animation, is recommended. Proven computer skills, specifically with animation
applications, and a strong animation portfolio are also a must in this competitive field.
A UX designer (User Experience Designer) emphases on how individuals experience and interact
with products, apps or websites. A graphic designer with experience in website design may choose
to move into the role of web designer. A web developer is responsible for both the front-end visual Trainers
appeal of a website as well as its back-end functionality. Graphic design is a creative and dynamic profession. To prepare the next generation of graphic
Educational requirements for this role vary from an associate's degree in web design to a bachelor’s designers, institutions and organizations need instructors with experience, insight and an interest
degree in computer science or related field. Proven web development experience and knowledge in helping new people learn graphic design. While the work of graphic designers is often to create
of online programming languages and development applications are a must for a graphic designer the next great design, a graphic design trainer is more involved in helping to support the next great
wishing to enter this field.
designer. For designers that find themselves more interested in the human side of design, trainer
can become a fulfilling role.
Art Manager
An art manager manages a design staff to create cohesive visual designs for print or digital
publications, movie and television promotions, product marketing, and more. Graphic designers who
excel at distilling large concepts into a visual product and who can communicate their vision to others
may find the role art manager / supervisor to be a natural next step. A bachelor's degree in graphic
design or similar design field is often adequate but strong skillset along with a solid experience is
greatly required in this domain.

Layout Artist and Book Designer

Layout artists work with software such as InDesign or PageMaker to place together images in a bigger
design. Layout artists rely on solid artistic skills to balance compositions and communicate ideas.
Book designers develop both front covers and interior layouts of books and manganins etc. Creating
the interior of books is called typesetting, though instead of putting together each letter of type on a
printing press, modern book designers rely on software programs such as InDesign or Quark.

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2.4 Graphics Software

Following are the most used graphics software, Students will learn about them in detail in
upcoming chapters.

Adobe Photoshop

Adobe Photoshop is software that is extensively used for raster image editing, graphic design and
digital art. It allows use of layering concepts to allow for depth and flexibility in the design and
editing process, as well as provide powerful editing tools, that when combined, are capable of
doing just anything.

Adobe Illustrator

Adobe Illustrator is an application program used on Windows and MacOS which helps to create
illustrations, drawings, and artwork. Illustrator allows a user to create everything from a single
Section-II element to the entire composition. Designers use Illustrator to create logos, patterns, posters,
symbols, and icons, etc.
After completing this section, students will be able to: -

Adobe XD
• describe graphic software o adobe photoshop
o adobe illustrator
Adobe XD is a vector-based UI and UX design tool and it can be used to design anything from
o adobe xd
smartwatch apps to fully fledged websites. Designers and design teams across the world use Adobe
o in page XD for collaborating through the design process from ideation and wireframing to developer final
o corel draw products.
o adobe in design
Inpage
• learn about installation steps of each software
InPage is a word processor and page layout software for languages such as Urdu, Balochi, Persian,
Pashto and Arabic under Windows and Mac which was first developed in 1994. It is primarily used
for creating pages in

CorelDraw

CorelDraw is a software program for editing vector graphics. Developed by Ottawa-based software
company, allows users to do things like add special effects such as borders to images, in addition
to allowing for contrast adjustment, colour balancing and more. Furthermore, it has great options
for text formatting and decoration.

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InDesign

InDesign is a sophisticated page-layout program. You can use it to create professional-looking

documents, including newsletters, books and magazines. You can also use it to create documents for
distribution on a tablet such as an ipad and even documents that includes interactivity or videos. It
has evolved into a tool that lets you publish content to just about any device or in print. For example,
using InDesign you can create a document and distribute content in print and then add hyperlinks
and video and export it to PDF or EPUB formats.

Installation of software:
The installation of the software is easy and described in the following section.

Adobe:
The installation process may vary version to version but is straight forward. We can Install Adobe
illustrator, Photoshop, XD and InDesign through Adobe Creative Cloud or we can install separate
applications using downloaded package. After you’ve downloaded the setup, Follow the steps
below: Figure 2.2

Step 1: Open the setup through “Autoplay” as can be seen in figure 2.1 Step 3: After the installation is done, all the software will be available for use.

2.5 CorelDraw:
Just like any software you’ll need a setup for CorelDraw to install. After you have the setup click
on the setup as shown in figure below:

Figure 2.1

Step 2: Select the software you want and press Continue, You can also select the installation
location from green box in below figure.

Every update a new feature is brought

to the application

Figure 2.3

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Step 1: After the setup has started, you’ll be prompted to enter your name and serial key which Step 2: Press Next on the next screen as can be seen in figure below:
you’ll get with the setup (Figure 2.4).

Figure 2.5

Just follow the simple steps by pressing “Next” button and software will be ready to be used.

If you don’t press finish after installation

the software won’t be installed

Figure 2.4

You can then just follow the steps and the application will be available for use.

2.6 Inpage:
Installation of Inpage is very easy, simply run the setup.

Step 1: Select the language you want the setup to run.

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 15. To keep audience engaged you need
a) Strategically Structured b) Good Logo c) Website d) Nothing

Exercise Give short answer the following questions

Select the most suitable option 1. What do you understand by the term graphics Designing?
2. Describe importance of graphics designing.
3. Write any ten applications of graphics designing.
1. Urdu Language software for Computer was Developed in
4. What are career options in Graphics Designing field?
a) 1940 b) 1994 c) 1948 d) 1993
5. Describe why would you choose this field over others?
6. List out the names of most common Graphics Designing software.
2. Adobe InDesign export extension is
a) PDF b) EPUB c) EXE d) WORD 7. What is the usage of Adobe Photoshop?
8. Which software is used to create any Illustration and vector-based drawing?
3. Graphics Design is a skill where professionals Create 9. What is Adobe XD used for?
a) Visual Content b) User Interface c) User Experience d) LOGO 10. Which graphics designing software is used for publishing industry?

4. Graphics Design plays a significant role in

a) Design b) User Experience c) Decision Making d) none Answer the following questions in detail
5. A good graphic design can make good first impression of your 2. Discuss in detail the Industrial Scope of Graphics Designing.
a) Product b) Company c) Character d) None 3. Discuss mostly used Graphics Designing Software.
4. Discuss what you know about Graphics Designing.
6. Companies that invest in quality graphic designing are perceived to be more 5. What are different Graphics Designing Career Options?
a) Trustworthy b) Good c) Complex d) Pleasing

7. serves to convey your idea in a way that is beautiful.

a) Graphics Design b) Logo c) Website d) UI Activities
8. Graphics Design plays a role in field of industry. 1) Make a group presentation on graphic designing concepts.
a) relative b) insufficient c) Important d) Vital 2) Demonstration on scope of graphic designing.
3) Install different graphics designing software under supervision of teacher
9. A custom logo establishes
a) Brand Recognition b) Awareness c) Decision Making d) None

10. A major influence on your logo’s success is its

a) Design b) Font c) Typography d) Color Pallet

11. Your Advertisement need to follow a similar set of

a) Guidelines b) Template c) Elements d) None

12. In print or digital communication your brand’s essence speaks louder than
a) Elements b) Color c) Words d) Actions

13. Graphics Design is key to build a

a) Professional Design b) Website c) Logo d) Image

14. The comfortability that clients and customers get through consistent marketing will ultimately lead to
a) Professionalism b) Credibility c) Marketing d) Guidelines

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Chapter 3 | Adobe Photoshop Chapter 3 | Adobe Photoshop

Adobe Photoshop

Chapter 3 Figure 3.1: Raster Image vs Vector

3.2 Applications of Photoshop

Section-I: Introduction to Adobe Photoshop
We can use Adobe Photoshop to retouch our scanned or digital photographs. We can improve the
After completing this section, students will be able to:- color tone and brightness of the pictures into a fresh style. We can also remove the unwanted dots
using blur tool, photo filter, and color lookup. In Adobe Photoshop, we can remove or change the
• define adobe photoshop backgrounds of our photographs. Changing the color of clothes, hair, and eyes is very simple when
you use this software. We can add a person to the photograph and make it look like an original
• describe applications of photoshop one. Adobe Photoshop helps us to retouch, sharpen and enhance the photos in high quality.
• explain basic tools of adobe photoshop (selection tools, burn tool, history, pen
tools, smudge tool, crop tool, blur, dodge and sponge etc.).
• describe popular file formats in photoshop (jpeg, gif & png etc.) 3.3 Basic tools in Photoshop

3.1 Adobe Photoshop Selection Tools:

Adobe Photoshop also offers a number of selection tools: Quick Mask, Rectangular marquee,
Adobe Photoshop is the software that is extensively used for raster image editing, graphic design
Elliptical marquee, Lasso, Polygonal Lasso, Magnetic Lasso, Magic Wand.
and digital art. Adobe Photoshop, computer application software used to edit and manipulate
digital images. Photoshop was developed in 1987 by the American brothers Thomas and John
Knoll, who sold the distribution license to Adobe Systems Incorporated in 1988. Quick Mask mode:
To switch from Standard mode to Quick Mask mode, press the Q button. Paint over the areas to be
Raster Image: selected with a hard-edge Brush (in Quick Mask mode the selected area is highlighted in semi-
In computer graphics and digital photography, a raster graphic is a dot matrix data structure that transparent red), then switch back to Standard mode by pressing the Q button again.
represents a generally rectangular grid of pixels.

Vector:
Rectangular Marquee:
Vector graphics are computer graphics images that are defined in terms of points on a cartesian The Rectangular marquee and Elliptical marquee tools are hidden in the Toolbox under one and
plane, which are connected by lines and curves to form polygons and other shapes. Example given the same icon as can be seen in Figure 3.2. The icon on the Toolbox displays the last tool used. To
in below image:

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open the floating menu, right click on the arrow in the lower right corner of the displayed icon. the selection is generated from the center to borders, not from one corner to another.

The Lasso, Polygonal Lasso, Magnetic Lasso tools are hidden in the Toolbox under one and the
same icon as can be seen in Figure 3.3. The icon on the Toolbox displays the last tool selected. To
open the floating menu right-click on the arrow in the lower right corner of the displayed icon.

Photoshop is one of the most diverse You may use quick selection tool instead
and widely used software used daily by of lasso tool as it saves time
millions of users

Figure 3.2

This tool selects rectangular and square areas. To select a rectangular area, you should:

Step 1. Activate the Rectangular marquee tool by clicking on the icon The Rectangular marquee
tool, or (if the rectangular marquee was not the last tool applied) select it from the floating window.

Step 2. Bring the mouse cursor to the point of the image where the corner of an imaginary rectangle
should be, and press the left mouse button.

Figure 3.3
Step 3. Keeping the left button pressed, move the cursor diagonally to the opposite corner and
release the button.
3.4 Lasso
To select a square area of the image, make a selection keeping the Shift key pressed. Take into The tool allows creating freehand selections. To make a freehand selection you should:
account that if you already have a selected area the new selection will be added to the previous
one. To avoid it you should press the Shift key only when you start selecting a new area. Step 1. Select the Lasso tool from the Toolbox by left-clicking on the icon Lasso tool, or (if Lasso
was not the last tool applied) select it from the floating window.
Elliptical marquee:
This tool selects ellipses and circles. To select an elliptical area, you should: Step 2. Bring the mouse cursor to the object that must be selected and outline it keeping the left
button pressed.
Step 1. Select the Elliptical marquee tool from the Toolbox by clicking on the icon The Elliptical
marquee tool, or (if the Elliptical marquee was not the last tool applied) select it from the floating 3.5 Polygonal Lasso
window.
The tool makes freehand selections, but its contour is made up of straight segments.
Step 2. Bring the mouse cursor to the point of the image where the corner of an imaginary rectangle
To make a selection you should:
with an inscribed ellipse should be, and press the left button.
Step 1. Select the Polygonal Lasso tool from the Toolbox by clicking on the icon The Polygonal
Lasso tool, or (if Polygonal Lasso was not the last tool applied) select it from the floating window.
Step 3. Keeping the left button pressed, move the cursor diagonally to the opposite corner and
release the button.
Step 2. Bring the cursor to any point near the object to be outlined and press the left mouse button
- it'll be the first point of the contour.
To select a circular area of the image, make a selection keeping the Shift key pressed. Take into
account that if you already have a selected area the new selection will be added to the previous
Step 3. Move the cursor to the next point of the contour not far from the first one and left-click it
one. To avoid it you should press the Shift key only when you start selecting a new area.
again. The program will automatically draw a straight line between the two points.
If you keep the Alt (Option in Mac) key pressed when selecting an elliptical or a rectangular area,

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Step 4. Keep putting points in this way until the whole object is outlined and close the contour. intersection of the old and new selections.

3.6 Magnetic Lasso 3.8 Burn Tool

This tool makes a freehand selection.
Burn tool is present in the toolbox as shown below; the shortcut is “o” to use the tool. As can be
seen in Figure 3.4
When you use Magnetic Lasso, you do not need to follow the contour of the object precisely. If the
object stands out against the background the border of the selected area will be traced automatically
as you move the cursor along the object. To select an area using Magnetic lasso you should:

Step 1. Select the Magnetic Lasso tool from the Toolbox by clicking on the icon The Magnetic
Lasso tool, or (if Magnetic Lasso was not the last tool applied) select it from the floating window.

Step 2. Bring the mouse cursor to the border of the object that you need to be selected.

Step 3. Press the left button and start dragging the cursor along the object. Pay attention to fastening
points that appear as you outline the object and when you make a click. If a fastening point is
irrelevant, you can remove it by pressing the Delete key and return to the previous fastening point
to continue outlining the object.
Step 4. Close the contour, that is join the first fastening point with the last one by bringing the cursor
to the first point or by making a double-click. Figure 3.4

3.7 Magic Wand

The top bar properties help in changing the tool behavior, configure the properties and start
This tool selects a consistently colored area. You can set Tolerance in the Options palette of the working as can be seen in Figure 3.5.
Magic Wand tool. The higher is the value, the more colors will fall into the selected area. The
Tolerance value ranges from 0 to 255. At Tolerance equal to 0 the selected area will be represented
only by one color, at Tolerance equal to 255 - all colors of the image will be selected, that is the
whole image.

To select a consistently colored area, you should:

Step 1. Select the Magic Wand tool in the Toolbox by clicking the icon The Magic Wand tool.

Step 2. Bring the cursor to the pixel of the image that must be included into the selection and left-
click it. As a result, an outline appears around the pixel. It includes colors of the image similar to
the color of the selected pixel according to the specified Tolerance value.

⚫ These selection tools are efficient due to the flexibility of their usage: you can add to, subtract Figure 3.5
from or intersect a selection.
⚫ To add an area to the previous selection you should press the Shift key before you use a
selection tool and, keeping it pressed, make a new selection. 3.9 Using Burn Tool:
⚫ To subtract an area from the previous selection you should press the Alt (Option in Mac) key With the Burn tool, you can darken the pixels in the location of the brush stroke. This makes the
before you use a selection tool and, keeping it pressed, make a new selection. background color darker on the area of the brush stroke.
⚫ If you press Shift and Alt (Shift and Option in Mac) keys simultaneously you obtain an
In Photoshop Components, you could lighten or darken area of a picture utilizing the Dodge as
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well as Burn tools, respectively as can be seen in Figure 3.6 You can specify the size as well as (highlighted in the Featured image).
softness of your tool by just choosing from among the several brush pointers. You can also restrict
the adjustment to various tonal ranges in your photo-- shadows, midtones, or highlights. You
likewise could adjust the amount of modification that's applied by defining a direct exposure
percentage.

Figure 3.6 Figure 3.7

Every move you make, from brush strokes to selections, is recorded and referred to as a History
You can access various photo settings in
view tab State or State for short, and each State appears in the panel. We can use this list of History States
to, as I like to say, ‘time travel’ without the need for a flux capacitor.

As we angrily spam our Ctrl + Z (Windows) or + Z (Mac) after we’ve made a dreadful mistake,
Choose either the Dodge (to lighten) or Burn (to darken) tool from the Tools panel in Edit Full we’re actually going back state by state to a time when we were happy with our work, and from
that previous State we can start anew. A more thoughtful, timid and alternate approach would be by
mode. Press Shift+O to cycle via the Dodge, Burn, and also Sponge tools. clicking on a specific State within the History Panel list itself and continuing on from there. Let’s
face it, though, we all like to spam our “ctrl + Z” shortcuts, and it’s not a bad thing, an example of
1- Select a brush from the Brush Preset Picker drop-down panel and also change the brush size, History can be seen in Figure 3.8 Where Brush tool is used multiple times on an image.
if necessary. Larger, softer brushes spread the dodging or burning effect over a bigger area, making Figure 3.8
mixing with the bordering area less complicated.
2- From the Range pop-up checklist, select Shadows, Midtones, or Highlights. Select Shadows
to darken or lighten the darker areas of your image. Select Midtones to adjust the tones of average
darkness. Select highlights to make the light area lighter or darker.

3- Choose the quantity of improvement you wish to apply with each stroke by readjusting the
Exposure setup. Beginning with a reduced percentage to far better control the quantity of
darkening or lightening. Direct exposure is similar to the opacity setting that you utilize with the
Brush tool.

4- Paint over the locations you want to lighten or dim. If you don't like the results, press Ctrl+Z
(cmd+Z on the Mac) to reverse.

3.12 Pen Tool

3.11 History
The History Panel is a tool which creates a chronological top-down view of everything you do in Photoshop provides multiple Pen tools to suit your use cases and creative style:
your working session in Photoshop. To access the History Panel, choose Window > History, as can
be seen in Figure 3.7 or click the History Panel tab if it’s already activated in your workspace ⚫ The Curvature Pen tool lets you intuitively draw curves and straight segments.
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⚫ The Standard Pen tool lets you draw straight segments and curves with great precision. ⚫ The last anchor point you add always appears as a solid square, indicating that it is selected.
⚫ The Freeform Pen tool lets you draw paths as if you were drawing with pencil on a piece of
⚫ Previously defined anchor points become hollow, and deselected, as you add more anchor
paper.
⚫ The Magnetic Pen options let you draw a path that snaps to the edges of the defined areas in points.
your image. The Content-Aware Tracing tool lets you automate the process for tracing images ⚫ Complete the path by doing one of the following:

Use the Shift+P key combination to cycle through the tools in the Pen group as can be seen in
Figure 3.9. 1- To close the path, position the Pen tool over the first (hollow) anchor point. A
small circle appears next to the Pen tool pointer when it is positioned correctly.
Click or drag to close the path.
2- To leave the path open, Ctrl-click (Windows) or Command-click (Mac OS) anywhere away
from all objects.
3- To leave the path open, you can also select a different tool.

3.14 Content-Aware Tracing Tool

The Content-Aware Tracing Tool is being introduced as a Technology Preview in the October 2020
release of Photoshop and lets you create vector paths and selections by simply hovering over the
edges of your image and clicking. You can enable the Content-Aware Tracing Tool in Preferences >
Figure 3.9 Technology Previews and then restart Photoshop.

3.13 Draw straight line segments Try out the Content-Aware Tracing Tool by following the below five simple steps: 1- From the
The simplest path you can draw with the standard Pen tool is a straight line, made by clicking the Pen tool Pen tools group, select the Content-Aware Tracing Tool.
to create two anchor points. By continuing to click, you create a path made of straight-line segments connected Pen tool is also used to trace image hence
converting it in vector
by corner points as can be seen in figure 3.11.

2- Hover the cursor over the edge of an object to highlight it.

Select the Pen tool.
⚫ Position the Pen tool where you want the straight segment to begin, and click to define the first
anchor point (do not drag).
⚫ Click again where you want the segment to end (Shift-click to constrain the angle of the
segment to a multiple of 45°).
⚫ Continue clicking to set anchor points for additional straight segments.

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3- Click on the highlighted section to create a path

5- To delete an area from the path, hold down the Alt key (Windows) or Option key (Mac) while
you click. You can also click and drag in a direction to remove larger sections.

3.15 Details
4- To add to the path, hover over an adjacent edge to highlight a new section and hold the Shift
key while clicking to extended the path. The pink line that appears indicates that you're adding a While adjusting the Detail slider, Photoshop displays a preview of the edges that Photoshop sees.
new section to the existing path. Moving the slider to the right increases the amount of edges Photoshop detects and moving to the
left decreases the number of detected edges. Figure 3.12

Figure 3.12

3.16 Tracing
Tracing modes (Detailed, Normal, and Simplified) adjust how detailed or textured the image dis prior
to processing the tracing (Figure 3.13).

Figure 3.13

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3.17 Smudge Choose a ratio or size for the crop box. You can also choose a preset, enter your own, or even
define your own preset values for later use.
The Smudge tool simulates the effect you see when you drag a finger through wet paint. The tool
Overlay Options
picks up color where the stroke begins and pushes it in the direction you drag.
Choose a view to display overlay guides while cropping. Guides such as Rule of Thirds, Grid, and
Golden Ratio are available. To cycle through all the options, press O.
1- Select the Smudge tool.
2- Choose a brush tip and options for the blending mode in the options bar. Crop Options
Click the Settings (gear) menu to specify additional crop options.
3- Select Sample All Layers in the options bar to smudge using color data from all visible
layers. If this is deselected, the Smudge tool uses colors from only the active layer. Use Classic mode
4- Select Finger Painting in the options bar to smudge using the foreground color at the beginning Enable this option if you want to use the Crop tool in Photoshop CS5.
of each stroke. If this is deselected, the Smudge tool uses the color under the pointer at the
beginning of each stroke. Auto Center Preview
5- Drag in the image to smudge the pixels. Enable this option to place the preview in the center of the canvas.

Show Cropped Area

Crop tool is also present in all android
and IOS devices in gallery
Enable this option to display the area that is cropped. If this option is disabled, only the final area
is previewed.

3.18 Crop Tool Enable Crop Shield

Use the crop shield to overlay the cropped areas with a tint. You can specify a color and opacity. If
Cropping is the process of removing portions of a photo to create focus or strengthen the you Enable Auto Adjust Opacity, the opacity is reduced when you edit the crop boundaries.
composition. Use the Crop tool to crop and straighten photos in Photoshop. The Crop tool is non-
Delete cropped pixels
destructive, and you can choose to retain the cropped pixels to optimize the crop boundaries later. Disable this option to apply a non-destructive crop and retain pixels outside the crop boundaries. Non-
The Crop tool also provides intuitive methods to straighten a photo while cropping. destructive cropping does not remove any pixels. You can later click the image to see areas outside
current crop borders. Enable this option to delete any pixels that are outside the crop area. These
For all operations, visual guides provide an interactive preview. When you crop or straighten pixels are lost and are not available for future adjustments.
photos, real-time feedback helps you visualize the final result.
3.20 Blur Tool
3.19 Crop a Photo
1- In Photoshop, go to Filter > Blur Gallery as can be seen in figure 3.15 and select Iris Blur.
1- From the toolbar, select the Crop Tool. Crop borders display on the edges of the photo.
2- Draw a new cropping area or drag the corner and edge handles to specify the crop 2- Click the pin at the center of the ring and place it on your focal point.
boundaries in your photo. 3- Click and drag single points to elongate the ellipsis or drag the outer line to resize the blur
3- (Optional) Specify the Crop options using the Control bar. (Reference in figure 3.14) area.
4- Click and drag the dots inside the blur preview ring to adjust the size of the blur transition
area.
Figure 3.14
5- Adjust the round blur dial to control the amount of blur applied.
A. Aspect Ratio Menu B. Swap Width and Height values C. Overlay Options

Size and proportions

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6- When you’re finished, press Enter or click OK at the top of the Blur Gallery window. JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group)
Lossy compression; supported by JPEG, TIFF, PDF, and PostScript language file formats.
Recommended for continuous-tone images, such as photographs. JPEG uses lossy compression. To

specify image quality, choose

Quality text box. For the best printed results, choose maximum-quality compression. JPEG files can
be printed only on Level 2 (or later) PostScript printers and may not separate into individual plates.

CCITT
A family of lossless compression techniques for black-and-white images, supported by the PDF and
PostScript language file formats. (CCITT is an abbreviation for the French spelling of
International Telegraph and Telekeyed Consultive Committee.)

ZIP
Lossless compression; supported by PDF and TIFF file formats. Like LZW, ZIP compression is
most effective for images that contain large areas of single color.

Figure 3.15

3.21 Dodge and Sponge tool

Dodge Tool
There are three Ranges: Shadows, Midtones, and Highlights. Each choice will only affect the area
falling into your category choice. The Exposure slider, with values ranging from 1% to 100%, sets
the intensity of the effect. The default is 50%. What this means is that, if Midtones are set to 50%,
then only the midtones will be darkened or lightened to a maximum of 50%.

Sponge Tool
There are two mode choices: Desaturate and Saturate. Desaturate reduces the color intensity and
Saturate increases the color intensity of the area being painted. Flow is a bit different. The value ranges
from 1% to 100% and refers to how quickly the effect is applied.

3.22 Popular File Formats in Photoshop

Many file formats use compression to reduce the file size of bitmap images. Lossless techniques
compress the file without removing image detail or color information; lossy techniques remove
detail. The following are commonly used compression techniques:
RLE (Run Length Encoding)
Lossless compression; supported by some common Windows file formats.

LZW (Lemple-Zif-Welch)
Lossless compression; supported by TIFF, PDF, GIF, and PostScript language file formats. Most
useful for images with large areas of single color.

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3.24 Workspace
In Section-II of this chapter: A workspace is a preset layout for the various elements that make up Photoshop's interface. Workspaces
determine which of Photoshop's panels are displayed on your screen and how those panels are
arranged. A workspace can also change which tools are available in the Toolbar and how the Toolbar
After completing this section, students will be able to: - is organized. Workspaces may include custom menu items in the Menu Bar, and even custom
• define home screen keyboard shortcuts. Any or all of these elements can be included and saved as part of a workspace.
• understand workspace
• understand about user interface of photoshop Workspaces give us a way to customize Photoshop’s interface for specific tasks, and to better
match the way we work. Photoshop includes far too many panels to fit them all on your screen at
• describe properties of different tool
once, so it's important that we limit the panels to just the ones we actually need. A photographer,
• describe about panels and panel location for example, will use certain panels for image editing and retouching. A digital painter, on the
• define how to import and export files other hand, will need different panels, ones for choosing brushes and colors. Other tasks, like web
• understand concept of save files for web and print and graphic design, video editing, or working with type and typography, all use specific panels. A
workspace streamlines the interface for the task at hand, keeping your screen free of clutter and
helping you work more efficiently.
3.23 Home Screen
The Home Screen in Photoshop Elements appears after opening Photoshop Elements 2019 or later. 3.25 Photoshop's default workspace
This screen replaces the Welcome Screen in Photoshop Elements from older software versions. The
Home Screen in Photoshop Elements contains auto-generated photo and video collages and By default, Photoshop uses a workspace known as Essentials as can be seen in Figure 3.16. If
slideshows from imported media. It also lets you find new editing projects, get inspiring ideas, you've never chosen a different workspace, you're using the Essentials workspace. It's also the
open different workspaces, open recent files, and get help. workspace we use in our tutorials. Essentials is a general-purpose workspace, suitable for many
different tasks. It includes some of Photoshop's more commonly-used panels, like Layers,
The Search bar at the top of the Home Screen in Photoshop Elements lets you search and find help Adjustments and Properties, along with the Color and Swatches panels (flowers photo from Adobe
files and tutorials. To search, enter the desired text in the Search bar and then press your keyboard’s Stock):
“Enter” key. Matching results appear via thumbnails and hyperlinks in the Home Screen. To access
the help documentation, click a thumbnail or hyperlink to open the page in your web browser. To
return “Home” in the Home Screen, click the “Home” link in the breadcrumbs area in the upper-
left corner of the screen.
Make sure to customize the workspaces
so you could work easily

Figure 3.16

3.26 The default panels

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Let's take a closer look at the default panels. As we learned in the Managing Panels tutorial, Moves selections or layers.
Photoshop's panels are located in columns along the right of the screen. The libraries panel, new
in Photoshop CC, gets its own column on the far right. Panels we use the most (Layers, Properties, Rectangular Marquee tool (M)
Color, etc.) are found in the main column in the middle. And on the left is a narrow column that Selects an area in your image in a rectangular box. Hold the Shift key to make the selection a
holds the History and Device Preview panels. By default, panels in the left column are collapsed square.
into icons (what Adobe calls iconic view). You can expand a panel that's in iconic view by clicking
its icon. Click the icon again to collapse the panel reference in figure 3.17. Elliptical Marquee tool (M)
Selects an area in your image in an elliptical shape. Hold the Shift key to make the selection a
circle.
3.27 Properties of Different tools
Lasso tool (L)
Selects an area in your image in a free-form shape.

Magnetic Lasso tool (L)

Selects part of an image by selecting the high-contrast edges around a shape.

Polygonal Lasso tool (L)

Draws straight-edged segments of a selection border.

Quick Selection tool (A)

Makes a selection based on color and texture similarity when you click or click-drag the area you
want to select.

Selection Brush tool (A)

Use of shortcut keys makes work easy
Selects the area where you paint with the brush.

Magic Wand tool (A)

Selects the pixels with similar colors in a single click.

Refine Selection Brush tool (A)

Adds or removes areas to and from a selection by automatically detecting the edges. For more
Figure 3.17 information on this tool, see Edit and refine selections.

Tools in the View group of the Expert mode toolbox Auto Selection tool (A)
Automatically makes a selection when you draw a shape around the object you want to select.
Zoom tool (Z)
Zooms in or zooms out your image. The related tools shown in the Tool Options bar are Zoom In and
Zoom Out. For more information about the Zoom tool, see Zoom in or out. Tools in the Draw group of the Expert mode toolbox
Hand tool (H)
Brush tool (B)
Moves your photo in the Photoshop Elements workspace. You can drag your image using this tool.
Creates soft or hard strokes of color. You can use it to simulate airbrush techniques.

Impressionist Brush tool (B)

Tools in the Select group of the Expert mode toolbox Changes the existing colors and details in your image so your photo looks like it was painted using
stylized brush strokes.
Move tool (V)

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Text on Custom Path

Color Replacement tool (B)
Simplifies replacing specific colors in your image. Pencil tool (N)
Creates hard-edged freehand lines.
Eraser tool (E)
Erases the pixels in the image as you drag through them. 3.28 Panels and Panel Location
Background Eraser tool (E) Panels are available in both Photoshop Elements and Elements Organizer; however, they behave a
Turns color pixels to transparent pixels so that you can easily remove an object from its little differently in each. Panels help you manage, monitor, and modify images. Some panels have
background. menus that provide additional commands and options. You can organize panels in the basic and
custom workspaces in Expert mode. You can store panels in the Panel Bin to keep them out of your
Magic Eraser tool (E) way, but easily accessible (Referrence in 3.18).
Changes all similar pixels when you drag within a photo. For more information, see Use the
Magic Eraser tool.

Paint Bucket tool (K)

Fills an area that is similar in color value to the pixels you click.

Pattern tool (K)

Applies a fill or a pattern to your image, instead of using one of the brush tools.

Gradient tool (G)

Fills in an area of image by a gradient. For more information, see Apply a gradient.

Color Picker tool (I)

Copies or samples the color of an area in your photo to set a new foreground or background color.

Custom Shape tool (U)

Provides different shape options for you to draw. When you select the Custom Shape tool, you can
access these shapes in the Tool Options bar. Figure 3.18

The other shape-related tools available in the Tool Options bar are: Panel menus
Some commands appear in both the panel menu and the menu bar. Other commands are exclusive
Rectangle
to panel menus. Click panel menu to view the different commands in each panel.
Rounded Rectangle Ellipse
Polygon Star Line Work with panels
Selection
Panels contain features, information, or functionality, in logical groups, for fast and easy access.
Type tool (T) The Panel Bin is on the right side of Photoshop Elements. It displays tabs and panels, depending on
Creates and edits text on your image. the mode you are in, or the kind of elements you want to work with. The Panel Bin displays:

The other type-related tools available in the Tool Options bar are:
Quick mode: lists the quick-mode effects that can be applied to a photo Guided mode: lists all the
Vertical Type Horizontal Type Mask Vertical Type Mask Text on Selection guided-mode edits that you can apply to a photo
Text on Shape

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Expert mode: lists the options for a selected panel (Layers, Effects, Graphics, or Favorites)
that’s open document, and you can then use tools to manipulate the imported content, as shown in
Panels in the Expert mode the figure.

In the Expert mode, panels can be displayed in two ways - Basic Workspace, and Custom
Workspace. 3.29 Export content from Photoshop
Because Photoshop can export paths in a document to Illustrator (in an AI file), your work in
Basic Workspace Photoshop is easy to manipulate after you open it with Illustrator.
By default, the available workspace displayed is the Basic Workspace. In this view, buttons for the most
frequently used panels are placed in the taskbar. The buttons in this workspace are Layers, Effects, You have another option, though: Export your Photoshop file by using the Zoomify feature. This
Graphics, and Favorites. For example, clicking the Layers button displays all the layers-related useful feature can export a large file to a smaller, more compact SWF file. This file can be easily
options. To view all the other available tabs, or close open tabs, click More. sent by e-mail and opened using the free Flash Player, which almost everyone already has installed.

To use Zoomify, follow these steps:

Custom Workspace
To view panels in a tabbed layout in the Panel Bin, click the arrow next to More, and select Custom
Workspace. Click More to view a list of all the available tabs, and select one from the pop-up list. The
selected tab is displayed. You can keep the frequently used panels open in the custom workspace. Click Folder in the Output Location section of the Zoomify dialog box and choose a folder location
Group panels together or dock one panel at the bottom of another panel. You can drag title bar of the for your SWF file.
tab and drop it in the tabbed layout, or drag-and-drop the tabs dialog into the tabbed layout (reference
in 3.19). Choose the quality and size and then click OK.

The Zoomify Preview window appears. Use this window to zoom in to see detail.

You can then retrieve the files that were created in your destination folder and post them online or
attach them to an e-mail message.

Save files for Web and Print

One of the more critical functions that Photoshop offers is the Save for Web/ Devices feature.

Why use it? While you could just save your file in a standard method, such File / Save As, the
Save for Web/Devices feature does crucial three things.

It optimizes the file dimensions (for example: 150 px X 150 px) allowing it to fit into web pages
cleaner and look better and less distorted.
It optimizes the file size (for example: 23 kb) allowing it to download faster.
It saves in the RGB (or monitor) format as opposed to the CMYK (print) format. This tool works
great for outputting Twitter icons, Facebook profile pics, product files, blog images and source
files for favicons.
Figure 3.19

Import content to Photoshop

In Photoshop, you can choose to open an image to work with or import content into a document

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To get started, you’ll need to go to File/Open to open your file. It can be in any format jpg, gif, psd,
png or others. As long as Photoshop can open it, you can output it for the web as shown in figure
3.21.

Figure 3.23

Once you have made the necessary adjustments you are ready to save the file. Click “Save” as can
be seen in Figure 3.24 and choose the folder and file name you want for this new image.
Figure 3.21

Go to File / Save for Web/Devices and click. It is about halfway down the drop-down menu. This
process doesn’t change your original file at all. You are creating a new file. Once you complete
this tutorial and return to your original image in Photoshop, you’ll need to save that file if you’ve Figure 3.24
made any changes to it. It’s important to name your new image different than your original one. Often
simply adding web to the file name will work well. (Example: [Link])

Each of the three jpg options (High, Medium, Low) as can be seen in figure 3.23, have preset
quality settings – which can be manually adjusted. If you are viewing at 100% you can decide
what quality you need. To adjust the level of zoom, see Step 5. The image will look the same
online as it does in the preview window. If you chose anything other than jpg you can skip this
step.

Figure 3.22

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Chapter 3 | Adobe Photoshop(Section-III) Chapter 3 | Adobe Photoshop

In Section-III of this chapter:

After completing this section, students will be able to: -

• define presets
• describe brushes
• define type faces and font
• learn installation of new brushes and fonts
• learn about usage of presets, brushes, and fonts Figure 3.25

3.30 Presets 3.31 Brushes

Presets are a collection of edits that are recorded as a batch and can be applied to an image (or You can create brushes that apply paint to images in a variety of ways. You select
multiple images) with just one click (reference in 3.25). an existing preset brush, a brush tip shape, or create a unique brush tip from part of
The Preset Manager lets you save or load your presets for contours and tools. Each set of presets has an image. You choose options from the Brush Settings panel to specify how the paint
its own file extension and default folder. Optional preset files are available inside the Presets is applied.
folder in the Photoshop application folder.

Brush Settings panel overview

To open the Preset Manager, choose Edit > Presets > Preset Manager. Choose a specific Preset
Type from the Preset Type menu. The Brush Settings panel lets you modify existing brushes and design new custom brushes. The
Brush Settings panel contains the brush tip options that determine how paint is applied to an image.
To delete a preset in the Preset Manager, select the preset and click Delete. Use the Reset command The brush stroke preview at the bottom of the panel shows how paint strokes look with the current
to restore the default presets. brush options (referred in figure 3.26).

You can adjust the way presets are displayed by clicking the Preset Manager's gear icon and
choosing from the display modes listed:

Text Only
Displays the name of each preset item.

Small Thumbnail or Large Thumbnail

Displays a thumbnail of each preset item.

Small List or Large List

Displays the name and thumbnail of each preset item.

Figure 3.26

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Chapter 3 | Adobe Photoshop Chapter 3 | Adobe Photoshop

A. Locked/Unlocked B. Selected brush tip C. Brush stroke preview D. Brushes panel Installing 3.32 Fonts and Typefaces
brushes and brush packs

You can import a wide variety of free and purchased brushes—for example, Kyle's Photoshop Fonts
brush packs into Photoshop. (Reference in figure 3.27) Follow these steps:
A font is a complete set of characters—letters, numbers, and symbols—that share a common
1- In the Brushes panel, from the flyout menu, choose Get More Brushes. Alternatively, right- weight, width,
click a brush listed in the Brushes panel and select Get More Brushes from the contextual
menu. Typeface
2- Download a brush pack. For example, download Kyle's "Megapack". 3- With Photoshop
running, double-click the downloaded ABR file. Typefaces (often called type families or font families) are collections of fonts that share an overall
The brushes you added are now displayed in the Brushes panel. appearance, and are designed to be used together, such as Adobe Garamond. Typefaces include
many characters in addition to the ones you see on your keyboard. Depending on the font, these
characters can include ligatures, fractions, and lining figures.

3.33 Installing New font

When you open a document that contains fonts that aren't installed on your computer, Photoshop
automatically fetches and activates those missing fonts as can be seen in figure 3.28 from Adobe
Fonts while you're connected to the internet.

Figure 3.28

When you open a document containing type layers, you may see a blue sync icon over some of the
type layers in the Layers panel indicating an automatic activation of missing fonts from Adobe
Fonts. As the download finishes, the sync icon is replaced by the standard type layer icon. You can
now use the activated font in your document and also in other applications on your computer.
Figure 3.27
When you try to edit a type layer with a missing font while the font activation is in progress, Photoshop
displays a dialog that asks you to replace the missing font with a default font and continue editing.
In the dialog, you can choose any of the following:
Common font extension is tff

Replace: Select to replace missing fonts with the default font. For Roman text, the default font is
Myriad Pro Regular.

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Cancel: Select to exit text-editing mode and resume activation of your missing Adobe Fonts.

Manage missing non-Adobe fonts

If you have a missing font as can be seen in figure 3.29 in your document that is not available via In Section-IV of this chapter:
Adobe Fonts, Photoshop displays a yellow missing font icon over the type layer the Layers panel.

You may drag the font file in After completing this section, students will be able to: -
Control panel > Fonts
• understand mixer brush
• know about brush setting
• learn about mixing of colors
• describe color mixing with photograph
• explain painting and mixing colors with brush p r e s e t s

3.34 Mixer Brush

Figure 3.29
The Mixer Brush simulates realistic painting techniques such as mixing colors on the canvas,
combining colors on a brush, and varying paint wetness across a stroke. The Mixer Brush has two
paint wells, a reservoir and a pickup. The reservoir stores the final color deposited onto the canvas
and has more paint capacity. The pickup well receives paint only from the canvas; its contents are
continuously mixed with canvas colors.
1- Select the Mixer Brush tool. (If necessary, click and hold the standard Brush tool to reveal
the Mixer Brush.)
2- To load paint into the reservoir, Alt-click (Windows) or Option-click (Mac OS) the canvas.
Or, choose a foreground color.
3- Choose a brush from the Brush Presets panel. 4- In the options bar, set tool options.

Current Brush Load swatch

From the pop-up panel, click Load Brush to fill the brush with the reservoir color, or Clean Brush
to remove paint from the brush. To perform these tasks after each stroke, select the automatic Load
or Clean options.

Preset pop-up menu

Applies popular combinations of Wet, Load, and Mix settings.

Wet
Controls how much paint the brush picks up from the canvas. Higher settings produce longer paint streaks
as can be seen in figure 3.31.

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Figure 3.31

Photoshop Increasing paint wetness Increasing paint wetness

A. 0% B. 100%

Load
Specifies the amount of paint loaded in the reservoir. At low load rates, paint strokes dry out more Figure 3.33
quickly as can be seen in figure 3.32.
Subtractive primaries are pigments, which create a spectrum of colors in different combinations.
Unlike monitors, printers use subtractive primaries (cyan, magenta, yellow, and black pigments)
to produce colors through subtractive mixing. The term “subtractive” is used because the primary
colors are pure until you begin mixing them together, resulting in colors that are less pure versions
of the primaries. For example, orange is created through the subtractive mixing of magenta and
yellow together. Refer to the image below.

Figure 3.32
A. 1% B. 100%

Mix
Controls the ratio of canvas paint to reservoir paint. At 100%, all paint is picked up from the
canvas; at 0%, all paint comes from the reservoir. (The Wet setting, however, continues to
determine how paints mix on the canvas.)
You can use RGB and CYMK color
code to get exact color
Sample All Layers
Picks up canvas color from all visible layers.

3.35 Colors Primary colors

Additive primaries are the three colors of light (red, green, and blue) that produce all the colors in
the visible spectrum when added together in different combinations. Adding equal parts of red,
Figure 3.34
blue, and green light produces white. The complete absence of red, blue, and green light results in
black. Computer monitors are devices that use the additive primaries to create color (reference in
figure 3.33). 3.36 Color Mixer
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If you’re new to adjusting color components, it helps to keep a standard color wheel diagram on
hand when you work on color balance. You can use the color wheel to predict how a change in one
color component affects other colors and also how changes translate between RGB and CMYK
color models as can be seen in figure 3.35. In Section-V of this chapter:

After completing this section, students will be able to: -

• Describe camera raw
• Understand advance color correction
• Learn techniques of using camera raw

3.37 Camera Raw

Adobe Camera Raw, which lets you import and enhance raw images, has been a must-have tool for
professional photographers right since it was first released in 2003. Applications that support
Adobe Camera Raw include Photoshop, Photoshop Elements, After Effects, and Bridge.
Additionally, Adobe Lightroom is built upon the same powerful raw image processing technology
that powers Adobe Camera Raw.

Advance Color Correction

Histogram and RGB levels:

Figure 3.35
A histogram is a representation of the number of pixels at each luminance value in an image. A
histogram that has non-zero values for each luminance value indicates an image that takes
advantage of the full tonal scale. One that doesn’t use the full tonal range corresponds to a dull
image that lacks contrast. A histogram with a spike at the left side indicates shadow clipping; a
histogram with a spike on the right side indicates highlight clipping. Refer to the figure below:

Figure 3.36

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One common task for adjusting an image is to spread out the pixel values more evenly from left to Tone a grayscale or B&W image
right on the histogram, instead of having them bunched up at one end or the other. A histogram is
made up of three ribbons of color that represent the red, green, and blue color channels. White Use the controls in the Color Grading panel to color a grayscale image. You can add one color
appears when all three channels overlap. Yellow, magenta, and cyan appear when two of the RGB throughout the tonal range or create a split tone result, in which a different color is applied to the
channels overlap (yellow equals the red + green channels, magenta equals the red + blue channels, shadows, midtones, and highlights. The extreme shadows and highlights remain black and white
and cyan equals the green + blue channels). reference in Figure 8.1.

The histogram changes automatically as you adjust the settings in the Camera Raw dialog box. You can also apply special treatments, such as a cross-processed look, to a color image. 1- Select
The RGB values of the pixel under the pointer (in the preview image) appear below the histogram.
a grayscale or B&W image.
Preview highlight and shadow clipping
2- Click Edit in the right panel and open the Color Grading drop-down. Use the color wheels for
Clipping occurs when the color values of a pixel are higher than the highest value or lower than Shadows, Midtones, and Highlights to adjust the colors in your image.
the lowest value that can be represented in the image. Overly bright values are clipped to output
white, and overly dark values are clipped to output black. The result is a loss of image detail.
Adjust color or tone using the Targeted Adjustment tool
You can view Highlight and Shadow clipping indicators in the upper corners of the histogram. This
The Targeted Adjustment tool allows you to make tonal and color corrections by dragging directly
is to check areas in your photo that are either too light or dark, as you make edits.
on a photo. Using the Targeted Adjustment tool, you can drag down on a blue sky to desaturate it,
for example, or drag up on a red jacket to intensify its hue as can be seen in Figure 8.2.
1- If the upper-left clipping indicator is illuminated (the clipping indicator is white), it implies
that shadows are clipped in your photo. Click the illuminated indicator to view the shadows 1- Open the Curve panel under Edit and select the Targeted Adjustment tool.
in your photo. The shadows are displayed as a blue overlay mask.
In the preview image, dragging the tool up or right increases values; dragging down or left
2- If the upper-right clipping indicator is illuminated (the clipping indicator is white), it implies decreases values. Sliders for more than one color may be affected when you drag with the Targeted
that highlights are clipped in your photo. Click the illuminated indicator to view the Adjustment tool.
highlights in your photo. The highlights are displayed as a red overlay mask. Refer to the
figure below:
2- To make tone curve adjustments using the Targeted Adjustment tool, choose Parametric Curve.
Then, drag the tool in the preview image.

The Parametric Curve Targeted Adjustment tool adjusts the Highlights, Lights, Darks, or Shadows
curve region based on the values in the image where you click.

Figure 3.37
Figure 3.38 Figure 3.39

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3.38 Work with Camera Raw
Camera Raw and Lightroom share the same image-processing technology to ensure consistent and
compatible results across applications. For Camera Raw to view image adjustments made in the
Develop module of Light room, metadata changes must be saved to XMP in Lightroom. In Section-VI of this chapter:

Adjustments made in Camera Raw are also displayed in the Adobe Bridge Content and Preview
panels. After completing this section, students will be able to: -
To view Lightroom changes in Camera Raw, and to ensure that Camera Raw adjustments can be
• define layers
viewed in Lightroom and Adobe Bridge, do the following: • understand layer panel
• know about arrangement of layers
1- In Adobe Bridge, choose Edit > Camera Raw Preferences (Windows) or Bridge > Camera • learn about grouping of layers
Raw Preferences (Mac OS). Or, with the Camera Raw dialog box open, click the Open
Preferences Dialog button.
• understand layer style
• comprehend updating the layer style
2- Choose Save Image Settings In > Sidecar “.XMP” Files, and deselect Ignore Sidecar “.XMP” • understand about the adjustment layer
Files. 3- After applying adjustments to a photo in Camera Raw, save them by clicking Done • understand smart objects
or Open Image.

3.39 Layers
Filmstrip
Photoshop layers are like sheets of stacked acetate. You can see through transparent areas of a layer to
The images that you open in Camera Raw are displayed in the filmstrip, positioned below the
the layers below. You move a layer to position the content on the layer, like sliding a sheet of acetate
preview. You can choose to hide the filmstrip, sort images based on Capture Date, File Name, Star in a stack. You can also change the opacity of a layer to make content partially transparent.
Rating, and Color Label, and also filter photos using the Filter icon.
Always work on layers as you can easily
You can also move the filmstrip to the left panel, which is especially useful when working with undo any unwanted change
portraits. To do this, Control-click (macOS)/Right-click (Windows) the filmstrip and select Filmstrip
Orientation > Vertical. Refer to the figure below:

Figure 3.42

Photoshop Layers panel overview

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Chapter 3 | Adobe Photoshop Chapter 3 | Adobe Photoshop

The Layers panel in Photoshop lists all layers, layer groups, and layer effects in an image. You can You can nest groups within other groups. You can also use groups to apply attributes and masks to
use the Layers panel to show and hide layers, create new layers, and work with groups of layers. multiple layers simultaneously. Refer to the figure below:
You can access additional commands and options in the Layers panel menu as can be seen in figure
3.43.

Figure 3.44 Layer Panel overview

Figure 3.43 A. Layers panel menu B. Filter C. Layer Group D. Layer E. Expand/Collapse Layer
effects F. Layer effect G. Layer thumbnail
You can add new layer by clicking on the 2nd last icon from bottom right as can be seen in
figure 3.45
Display the Photoshop Layers panel 1- Choose Window > Layers.

Choose a command from the Photoshop Layers panel menu 2-Click the triangle in the upper-right

corner of the panel.

Change the size of Photoshop layer thumbnails

3- Choose Panel Options from the Layers panel menu, and select a thumbnail size.

Change thumbnail contents

4- Choose Panel Options from the Layers panel menu, and select Entire Document to display the
contents of the entire document. Select Layer Bounds to restrict the thumbnail to the object’s pixels Figure 3.45 Layer Panel add
on the layer.
You can delete a layer by clicking on the last icon at bottom right as can be seen in figure 3.46
Organizing Photoshop layers
A new image has a single layer. The number of additional layers, layer effects, and layer sets you
can add to an image is limited only by your computer’s memory.

You work with layers in the Layers panel. Layer groups help you organize and manage layers. You
can use groups to arrange your layers in a logical order and to reduce clutter in the Layers panel.

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Chapter 3 | Adobe Photoshop Chapter 3 | Adobe Photoshop
(Section-VII)

In Section-VII of this chapter:

After completing this section, students will be able to: -

• define snapshot improvement

• adjust facial features with liquify
• blur a background
• understand panorama
• understand image cropping and slicing
Figure 3.46 Layer Panel delete • define working of content-aware move tool
• define perspective adjustment of an image
You can change the transparency of a layer by opacity option as can be seen in figure 3.47

3.40 Snapshot
A snapshot in Photoshop is like a checkpoint for your project. Once you create a snapshot, you
can go back and restore the previous state of your document. This is perfect when you want to undo a
drastic change and step back further than your history states allow.
Snapshots can be created for any type of document or project in Photoshop. Whether you’re editing photos,
graphics, text, or painting, you can still utilize them as a fail-safe undo option.

How to take a Snapshot in Photoshop?

1. Access Your History Panel Open up your history panel.

Figure 3.47 Layer Panel transparency

Layers for non-destructive editing

Sometimes layers don’t contain any apparent content. For example, an adjustment layer holds color
or tonal adjustments that affect the layers below it. Rather than edit image pixels directly, you can
edit an adjustment layer and leave the underlying pixels unchanged.

A special type of layer, called a Smart Object, contains one or more layers of content. You can
transform (scale, skew, or reshape) a Smart Object without directly editing image pixels. Or, you
can edit the Smart Object as a separate image even after placing it in a Photoshop image. Smart
Objects can also contain smart filter effects, which allow you to apply filters non-destructively to
images so that you can later tweak or remove the filter effect. If you do not see it, go up to Window > History.

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3. Rename Your Snapshot (Optional)

You can find your new snapshot at the top of your history panel. If you haven’t made a snapshot
yet, it will be called ‘Snapshot 1’ as can be seen in figure 3.49

Figure 3.49

Double click on the snapshot name to rename it. Name it something to help you remember what
history state it represents. Something like ‘Basic Edit’ or ‘No Retouching’ for example.
2. Click The Camera Icon Create A Snapshot

To create a new snapshot, click the camera icon at the bottom of your history panel as can be
seen in figure 3.48

Figure 3.51

3.41 Adjusting facial features with liquify

Liquify in Photoshop automatically detects facial features and helps you adjust them to enhance
a portrait or add creative character to a fun shot. In the sample image, we'll exaggerate this man's
surprised expression by adjusting his eyes, mouth, and other facial features.

1- Open an image

Open an image in Photoshop, and select a layer that contains a photo of a face.

Optional: If you want the flexibility to re-open this face in Liquify later to make further
adjustments, right-click or control-click the layer and choose Convert to Smart Object before
Figure 3.48

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Chapter 3 | Adobe Photoshop Chapter 3 | Adobe Photoshop

opening it in Liquify this time. Alternatively, you can make adjustments by clicking and dragging directly on facial features in Face-
Aware Liquify. Select the Face Tool in the Toolbar on the left side of the Liquify window. To adjust
Go to Filter > Liquify as can be seen in figure 3.52, to open the photo in the Liquify window. the size of the eyes, hover over one of the eyes in the photo until your cursor changes to a double-
pointed diagonal arrow. Then click, hold, and drag outward to increase the size of both eyes. Refer
to the image below:

Figure 3.52

2- Enlarge the eyes

In the Liquify window, click the triangle to the left of Face-Aware Liquify.
Figure 3.54
Click the triangle to the left of Eyes to reveal sliders that affect just the eyes. Drag those sliders to 3- Adjust the shape of the nose
adjust the size, height, width, tilt and/or distance of the eyes until you get a look you like refer to Click the triangle to the left of Nose to view sliders you can use to change the shape of the nose.
image below:
Drag the Nose Height slider to the left to elongate the nose. Drag the Nose Width slider to the left
to narrow the nose as can be seen in figure 3.55:

Figure 3.53

Figure 3.55

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Chapter 3 | Adobe Photoshop Chapter 3 | Adobe Photoshop

4- Elongate the face You can right-click to duplicate, or use the keyboard shortcut Ctrl J (Windows) or Command J
To change the shape of the man's face, click the Face Shape triangle. Drag the Forehead Height slider (macOS).
to the right to make the forehead taller. Drag the Jawline slider to the right to expand the jaw. Drag
the Face Width slider to the left to contract the width of the face. As can be seen in figure below:
Figure 3.56

Close Liquify and Save.

Click OK to close the Liquify window.

Chose File > Save to save the photo with the changes you made with Face-Aware Liquify.
Figure 3.59
Give Face-Aware Liquify a try to get creative with your fun shots and polish your more serious
portraits.
Make a Selection Out of The Main Subject

Photos taken from professional camera The next step is to remove the background from the main subject to avoid edge halos upon blurring
are defocused, not blurred
the image, and to give you more flexibility when masking the Foreground element.

To create a selection with the latest version of Photoshop, choose Select > Subject and allow Adobe
Sensei, Photoshop’s Artificial Intelligence (AI), to study the entire image, find the subject, and
3.42 Blurring The Background create a selection out of it as can be seen in figure 3.61.

Duplicate Your Original Image

Start the process by duplicating your image layer and renaming the duplicate layer to
“Foreground.”

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Chapter 3 | Adobe Photoshop Chapter 3 | Adobe Photoshop

Figure 3.63
Figure 3.61

Expand The Selection The content-Aware will fill with similar pixels to the surrounding edges. Please note that the result
doesn’t have to be perfect. As long the contents inside the fill are similar to the surrounding areas
Create a gap between the selection and the edge of the subject’s body by choosing Select > this technique should work.
Modify > Expand reference in figure 3.62.
Then, set the Output to Duplicate Layer (Figure 3.64) and press OK.

Figure 3.64
Figure 3.62
Blur The Background with The Tilt-Shift Filter First, convert the Background copy layer into a
Remove The Main Subject with Content-Aware Fill Smart Object so that you have the ability to edit the blur at a later time. Reference in figure 3.65:

Choose Edit > Content-Aware Fill to remove the subject from the layer and fill in space where
the selection used to be.

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Chapter 3 | Adobe Photoshop Chapter 3 | Adobe Photoshop

Final Adjustments with Camera Raw

To edit the image as a whole, place all the layers into a Smart Object.

Then, select Filter > Camera Raw Filter and use the available tools to enhance the details, colors,
and tonality, of the image. The result can be seen in the below image 3.68

Figure 3.65

Then, choose Filter > Blur Gallery > Tilt-Shift, Outcome can be seen in figure 3.66.

Figure 3.66

Figure 3.68

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Chapter 3 | Adobe Photoshop Chapter 3 | Adobe Photoshop

3.43 Panorama Maintain the same exposure

Avoid using the flash in some pictures and not in others. The blending features in Photomerge helps
The Photomerge command combines several photographs into one continuous image. For example,
smooth out different exposures, but extreme differences make alignment difficult. Some digital
you can take five overlapping photographs of a city skyline, and then merge them into a panorama.
cameras change exposure settings automatically as you take pictures, so you may need to check
The Photomerge command can assemble photos that are tiled horizontally as well as vertically.
your camera settings to be sure that all the images have the same exposure.
Reference in figure below:

Image cropping and slicing

We use this tool to crop an image and it is similar to the Rectangular Marquee tool. The difference
is that when you press the [Enter/Return] key, it crops your image to the size of the box. And outside
of the box information is not shown whenever you do not press "Ctrl+Z". Reference in figure
below:

Figure 3.69

Take pictures for Photomerge

Your source photographs play a large role in panoramic compositions. To avoid problems, follow
these guidelines when taking pictures for use with Photomerge:

Overlap images sufficiently

Images should overlap by approximately 40%. If the overlap is less, Photomerge may not be able to
Figure 3.71
automatically assemble the panorama. However, keep in mind that the images shouldn't overlap
too much. If images overlap by 70% or more, Photomerge may not be able to blend the images.
Try to keep the individual photos at least somewhat distinct from each other.

Use one focal length

If you use a zoom lens, don't change the focal length (zoom in or out) while taking your pictures.

Keep the camera level

Although Photomerge can process slight rotations between pictures, a tilt of more than a few
degrees can result in errors when the panorama is assembled. Using a tripod with a rotating head
helps maintain camera alignment and viewpoint.

Stay in the same position

Try not to change your position as you take a series of photographs, so that the pictures are from
the same view-point. Using the optical viewfinder with the camera held close to the eye helps keep
the viewpoint consistent. Or try using a tripod to keep the camera in the same place.
Figure 3.72
Avoid using distortion lenses
Distortion lenses can interfere with Photomerge. However, the Auto option adjusts for images On the other hand, the slice tool creates multiple images from one image or layer.
taken with fish- eye lenses.

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Chapter 3 | Adobe Photoshop Chapter 3 | Adobe Photoshop

Open the image

Figure 3.73

Figure 3.75

Move the Object

Press the Content-Aware Move Tool (J) in your tools palette and create a quick selection of your
object. You can soften the selection by using the feather tool (Shift + F6) to improve the overall
result. Move the selection to the new position. Photoshop will automatically fill and replace the
original object for you. Finally, correct any imperfections with the fill tool.

Figure 3.74

3.44 Content Aware Move Tool

With Content-Aware Move Tool we can move objects within our image. First, open the image in
Photoshop.
Figure 3.76

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Chapter 3 | Adobe Photoshop Chapter 3 | Adobe Photoshop

Conclusion 1- Switch to wrap mode from layout mode

2- Manipulate perspective in one of the available ways:
all the hard work for you quickly and easily. However, sometimes content-aware tool doesn’t work
and you have to use the old time-consuming methods. Move around the corners of the quads as appropriate. For example, you can adjust the perspective
of this image such that the two sides of building exhibit foreshortening in equal [Link] can
be seen in figure 3.81

Figure 3.78
Figure 3.81
3.45 Perspective adjustment: Shift-click to straighten an individual edge of a quad and keep it straight during further perspective
Before you adjust perspective, you must define the planes of the architecture in the image: manipulation. The rightmost selected edge in this image is highlighted in yellow. Refer to the image
below:
Open the image in Photoshop.
Choose Edit > Perspective Warp. as shown in Figure 3.79 Review the onscreen tip and close it.
Draw quads along the planes of the architecture in the image. While drawing the quads, try to
keep their edges parallel to the straight lines in the architecture.

Figure 3.82

Figure 3.79

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Chapter 3 | Adobe Photoshop

Automatically level near horizontal lines

In the Warp mode, you can click the following icons for automatic perspective adjustment:

Exercise

Select the most suitable option

1-Adobe Photoshop is a software that is extensively used for editing
a. Video b. Image c. Graphics d. both b and c

2-A raster graphic is a data structure that represents a generally rectangular

grid of pixels.
[Link] matrix b. digits c. complex file d. square maze

3- In vector graphics, points on a cartesian plane are connected by

a. Joint b. node c. lines and curves d. polygon
The selected edge is straightened. Also, the straightening of the edge is preserved during further 4- We can use photoshop to retouch our photograph
perspective manipulation.
a. Negative b. printed c. digital d. hard copy

Automatically straighten both vertically and horizontally 5- Quick Mask tool is a

a. Mesh tool b. Selection tool c. Shape builder tool d. none of these

6- Shortcut key for rectangular marquee tool is

a.R b. Ctrl + R c. M d. Ctrl+M

7- Lasso tool allows creating selection.

a. Freehand b. Quick c. Diverse d. both a and c

8- Shortcut key for Burn tool is

a. B b. O c. T d. B+T

9- With the Burn tool, you can the pixels in the location of the brush stroke.
a. Lighten b. Contoure c. Darken d. Beautify

10- The History Panel is a tool which creates a chronological view of

everything you do in your working session in Photoshop
a. top-down b. down-top c. left-right d. right-left
Once you're done adjusting the perspective, click the Commit Perspective Warp icon
11- The shortcut key Ctrl+Z is used for _________
a. Zoom b. Delete c. Undo d. Zip

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 Chapter 4 | Adobe Illustrator
12- Straight line can be drawn using tool
a. Shape builder b. Pen c. Lasso d. Magic wand

13- The Smudge tool simulates the effect you see when you drag a finger through
a. water b. wet paint c. paper d. reality
Adobe Illustrator
14- Cropping is the process of portions of a photo
a. deleting b. removing c. cropping d. both b and c

15- There are ranges of Dodge tool

a. two b. four c. three d. one

Give short answer the following questions

1. Write an essay of 200 words on the topic of Use of Photoshop for scientists.
2. Search from Google (at least five) different examples of raster and vector images.
3. Which tool can be used to combine different images? Search from Google and download
Chapter 4
images of birds and then combine them.
4. What is the purpose of light room?
5. Which steps will be involved to Slice an image of K2 Mountain? Write down the step-by- (Section-I)
step process and then demonstrate practically.
After completing this section, students will be able to: -
Answer the following questions in detail • define adobe illustrator
1. Write the use of eight different tools in Photoshop to edit and enhance a photograph.
• describe uses of adobe illustrator
2. What is Home Screen and Workspace in Photoshop? Discuss briefly. • define home screen
3. Discuss Fonts and Typefaces in Photoshop. • understand workspace
4. Write what you know about Advance Color Correction in Photoshop. • configure the workspace
5. Discuss Panorama and steps to produce a good quality Panorama.
• understand art boards
• explore default presets in illustrator
Activities •
1. Download and install new brushes and Fonts in Photoshop.
2. Make an artistic background by using newly installed brushes and fonts. 4.0 Adobe Illustrator
3. Create a new document, and import two images and change the background of images.
Save the file for web and print. Adobe Illustrator is an application program used on Windows and MacOS which helps to create
4. Load a Vector image of your choice and then demonstrate practical usage of dodge, Burn illustrations, drawings, and artwork. Illustrator allows a user to create everything from a single
and spung tool. element to the entire composition. Designers use Illustrator to create logos, patterns, posters,
5. Remove background of any portrait image and replace it with something interesting. symbols, and icons, etc.
6. Load your selfie in Adobe Photoshop and apply following functions in it. Enlarge your eyes,
adjust the shape of your nose and elongate the face.
7. Use Content-Aware Tool and Align ten persons in a straight row.
4.1 Uses of Illustrator
8. Make a panorama view of an object using different images perspectives.
There are a variety of uses for Adobe Illustrators. Some of these are described below:

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• Its use is very diverse in the field of graphics including logos, graphics, diagrams, charts,
cartoons, and illustrations.
• This can be used to create a sketch then color or re-color it.
• Illustrator also makes it possible to manipulate the drawings.
• Illustrator’s ability to place text around a curve is especially useful for artists creating logos.
• Illustrator is also used in designing mock-ups that show what the website will look like.

Illustrator is the most used graphics

designing software

4.2 Home Screen Basics

The home screen on Illustrator is something you will instantly see after opening the program as Figure 4.2 Workspace
can be seen in (Figure 10.7). Here You will see different templates, you can either opt for one of
those or create a new file or open a previous file. Home screen varies from version to version on
illustrator. 1. Menu Bar:
It is always on the top of the window. As can be seen in (Figure 4.3), It provides a user with
multiple options to interact. You can click on Edit, Object, Type, Select, Effect, View, Window, or
Help and a dropdown menu will appear giving you options all relating to the menu name. For
example, all the options in File have functions to do with your documents, such as opening,
creating, saving, printing, and so forth.

(Figure 4.3: Menu bar)

2. Control Bar:
The control panel (as can be seen in Figure 4.4 is docked at the top of the work area. It is the quick
access options related to the object that we want to access. Variety of options displayed in the
control panel depending on the type of tools or objects we are using. For example, the control panel
displays a text formatting option when any text object is selected. The text formatting option helps
in changing color, and assist in the placement and selecting the dimension of an object.
Figure 4.1 Home Screen

Remember to customize the workspace

4.3 Workspace
(Figure 4.4: Control Bar)

Workspace (Figure 4.2) is the main work screen of Illustrator used to create and edit our designs
3. Tool Panel:
and artwork for print, using on the web, and mobile devices. We have our Control Bar, Menu Bar, The tools panel is on the left side of the illustrator window by default. We can use the tools
Tool Panel, and Art Board. These are 4 main components a user should have control over, the basic mentioned in (Figure 4.5) to select, create, and manipulate objects in Adobe Illustrator. Some of the
functionalities of these components are explained as: tools are used to type, select, paint, draw, sample, edit, and move images. All the useable tools from
the tool panel are listed below (Figure 4.6)

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(Figure 4.7 Art Board)

4.4 Configuring the Workspace

When starting work on Illustrator the first thing to do is to configure the workspace according to
the project you are working on. If you haven’t already configured your workspace, you’ll see the
default set of workspaces but you can con-figure it and even save / access multiple presets of
(Figure 4.8 Workspace) workspace anytime
Figure 4.6(Tool Bar) Figure 4.5 (Shortcut keys)

To use the shortcut key, sometimes user has

to press Esc in order for it to work

4. Art Board:

The white color pad (Figure 4.7) in the workspace is the main work area where the user will
work/design. Everything on the white pad will be considered as the main content. The area outside
the artboard is called the pasteboard. You can draw (or use any other tool) on it, however, any
object that is on the pasteboard will not print. So, it's handy to use for art/ text/ objects you are
working on but aren't final, or that are just pieces that you haven't found a use for yet. (Figure 4.8 Workspace)

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working depending on your project. As can be seen in Figure 4.8 we have many available 4.5 Understanding the Art Board
workspaces namely Essential, Painting, Tracing, Web etc. To access them you’ll have an option on the
Top Right of the Window Screen. Now if you want to make your workspace, you can click on the • Just like the artboard in Adobe InDesign or Microsoft Word, the artboard of illustrator also
“Windows” button in Menu Bar you will be provided with that feature of Illustrator in a small
moveable window (Figure 11.5) represents the printable area.
• Every stuff is in the white artboard is considered as the main content, the outer grey area is
called pasteboard and won’t be printed.
• Artboards can be different sizes and orientations, be arranged how you like, and overlap.
• The Artboards panel (Window > Artboards, reference present in (Figure 4.7) is another way to
navigate artboards.
• The Artboard navigation menu in the lower-left corner of the Document window shows
the same listing of artboards as in the Artboards panel.

When we start a new project from Home (Figure 2.1) we get an option to set dimensions /size of
the artboard as width and height as can be seen in Figure 4.12

Select the Artboard tool in the Toolbar (Shortcut key is Shift + O) as can be seen in (Figure 4.13),
and drag on the canvas to create an artboard. You can resize it by dragging a corner handle with
the Artboard tool. To duplicate an existing artboard, select an artboard with the Artboard tool.
(Figure 4.9: Showing Windows and different Tools which can be acquired for workspace) Then press Option (MacOS) or Alt (Windows) and drag an exact copy of the artboard and its
contents. You can do this to create color or design variations side-by-side.
For example, if we click on “Magic Wand” we will get the full tool in a moveable window as can
be seen in Figure 4.11,

(Figure 4.12)
(Figure 4.11)

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Chapter 4 | Adobe Illustrator Chapter 4 | Adobe Illustrator
(Section-II)

In Section-II of this chapter:

After completing this section, students will be able to: -

• enlist basic tools of adobe illustrator
• learn selection tool vs. direct selection tool
• understand shapes, strokes and fill
• define pen tool
• understand pathfinder tool
(Figure 4.13) • understand shape builder tool
• use eyedropper tool
• understand align panel
4.6 Exploring different Presets
• understand pencil and paint brush tool
This is a straight forward process you’ll just have to open artboard tool (shift + O for windows)
you’ll get an option of presets on Control Bar. As shown in (Figure 4.14). You’ll get many sizes 4.7 Basic Tools in Illustrator
for Art Board (A4, Legal, A3, B5, B4) by clicking them the size of your Artboard will change
instantly.
Illustrator has a wide variety of drawing tools found in the Toolbar, each allowing you to create in
different ways. Some basic tools of them all are discussed below:

Selection tool:
One of the most fundamental tools in Illustrator is Selection tool. It is used for selecting a particular
part of the object. The shortcut key for Selection tool is “V” as described in Figure 4.15

For Example:
We have an example of Domino, we want to move the circle, First Click on the circle and it’ll be
selected you’ll see a blue dotted square around the circle, you can simply drag it or resize/rotate it
using the four points around the four points of the square. (Figure 4.15-4.16)

(Figure 4.14: Showing different presets which can be used to instantly change the size of
Artboard)

Before starting a project, remember to

set the page size correctly

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Creating a line of Text:

Figure 4.18: Type tool line example

Creating Text Area:

A text area is a region that you define. Text, when inserted in this region, is constrained within the
shape. To create a text area, click and drag with the Type tool. As you create and finish typing in a text
Figure 4.15: Selection Tool Figure 4.16: Selected Circle area, you may want to quickly click and drag to create a new text area elsewhere on your artboard.
Shown in Figure 4.19
Type tool:
Type tool in Illustrator is used to type text, you can do different types of cool stuff with type, from AAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
the simplest task of creating a single lie of text to more complicated creative uses of text, such as AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
placing text along with a path and wrapping text around objects. Click and hold the type tool to see the AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
hidden options, as shown in Figure 4.17 AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAA

Figure 4.19: Text inserted in a Polygon region

Eyedropper tool:

Eyedropper tool in Illustrator is one of the most helpful and significant tools. It helps the user to
pick any color from the images or objects that are already present or created within the program.
The eyedropper tool will help the user to fill the images with the same referred color picked with
the help of the eyedropper tool. Eyedropper tool is mostly present in every graphic design
program and contains a lot of usage and benefit to the users. Sometimes the users don’t
remember the exact code of the color they want to fill. So, they use this eyedropper tool to pick
and fill the image with the exact color they have chosen.

For example:
We have a random shape and we want to adapt colors from an image, simply select the first shape
and click on the color of the image, the color will be automatically adapted as shown in Figure
4.21
Figure4.17: Type Tool Options

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To close a path, move the pointer over the original anchor point and, when a circle shows next to the
If you use Eyedropper for text, it will pointer, press the Shift key and click the end point. To stop drawing a path without closing it, press
replicate Font, Colour and Size of the
Text from other text the Escape key as can be seen in figure 4.25

Figure 4.21: Eyedropper tool implementation

Pen Tool:
The Pen tool, found in the Toolbar, is one of the most powerful drawing tools in Illustrator. With it,
you can create and edit anchor points and paths. Set stroke and fill before drawing To start with the
Pen tool, select the Pen tool in the Toolbar and, in the ‘properties’ panel, set the stroke weight to 1 Figure 4.25: Starting and Ending points of a Line
pt, the color to black, and the fill to none. Figure 4.23.

Shape Tools:

Pentool is also used for vectorizing

a simple image..... There are five different types of shapes available in Adobe Illusrator which are located on the
toolbar section, to select a shape long press the shape tool and you will get some options to choose
from as shown in figure 4.26

Figure 4.24: Pen Tool Ellipse vary in shape from broad to flat

Create Straight Line:

To create straight lines with the Pen tool, click and release to create an anchor point. Move the
pointer, and you’ll see a preview of the path you are creating. Click and release to create another
anchor point. You can continue clicking and releasing in different areas to create more anchor
points for the path.

Figure 4.26: Shape Tools

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Tips while drawing a shape:

While drawing a shape the user must press the “Shift” key and the shape will be drawn equally from
all directions starting from the initial point as shown in figure 4.27

Figure 4.28 : Ellipse Shape

Select the shape and click on the colour tool as shown in figure 4.29

Figure 4.27 Drawing a shape

One more thing to keep in mind is while resizing any shape, Press Alt + Shift and the shape will
change size equally from all anchor points otherwise it will resize with random dimensions.

Hand Tool:
Hand tool is a key feature in illustrator, with the help of hand tool a user can drag the work area and
move around freely, user can also Press Space Bar and move by dragging the screen, Shortcut key
for hand tool is H.

Zoom Tool:
Just like Hand Tool, Zoom Tool is also a key feature of illustrator, user can zoom in or out by
simply clicking on the specified area, Shortcut key for zoom tool is Z. Another approach for zoom Figure 4.29
tool is by pressing ‘Ctrl +’ or ‘Ctrl -’ key to zoom in or zoom out.
select any colour suppose we click on green, the selected colour will be filled in the shape as shown
Color Tool: in figure 4.31.
One of the most essential tools for graphics designing is Color Tool, there are two types of colors
in Adobe Illustrator namely: Fill and Stroke. Both of them are explained below:

Fill:

This type of color is the one which fills in the object, you can apply fill colour by following steps:
Select the object using the Selection tool ) or the Direct Selection tool )
Click the Fill box in the ‘Tools’ panel, the ‘Properties’ panel, or the ‘Color’ panel to indicate
that you want to apply a fill rather than a stroke and click on the specific colour.
For example, suppose you have an ellipse as shown in figure 4.28

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As can be seen in figure 4.33 stroke colour is applied, you can adjust the stroke width using Stroke
option as shown in figure.

Figure 4.31: Showing filled colour

The second type of colour is Stroke colour, it is basically the outline colour of any object in the
workspace. The procedure is straight forward, similar to fill colour a stroke is applied by clicking Figure 4.33
on the shape and selecting the stroke colour. You can also adjust the width of the stroke. You can
also access Swatches Panel from Windows option in ‘Menu bar’ and can control the colors you Brush/Pencil Tool:
want to apply.
A brush/Pencil tools is one of the basic tools found in graphic design and editing applications. It
is a part of the painting tool set which may also include pencil tools, pen tools, fill color and many
For example: Select the Shape and click on stroke colors as shown in figure 4.32
others. It allows the user to paint on a picture or photograph with the selected color. The size of
the resulting stroke or line and the color can be selected from predefined options, or in some
applications the user can create custom definitions. You can adjust the stroke of brush and pencil
similar to stroke colour. for example:

Stroke Level 1 Stroke Level 2 Stroke Level 3

To draw a shape, Pen toll is easier

and more accurate to use

Figure 4.32: Showing stroke colour

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Another Feature of Direct selection tool is that we can select a specific object from grouped objects
by simply clicking on it, in this way user can select any object without ungrouping objects and it is
also time efficient. as shown in figure 4.35

Figure 4.34
Figure 4.35
Eraser Tool:
The eraser is basically a brush which erases pixels as you drag it across the image. Pixels are erased In figure 4.35 we have a Dominos Logo which is grouped. If you want to select a specific shape
to transparency, or the background colour if the layer is locked. for instance ellipse, use direct selection tool and directly click on it instead of ungrouping it.

Direct Selection Tool:

Shape Builder Tool:
Direct Selection tool allows a user to select individual points of any object. We can also select
segments of any object and drag them according to the requirement. With the Direct Selection tool, It combines multiple shapes in various compositions. You can merge shapes, as well as subtract
you can select individual path points and segments; you can also add or subtract items to/from the one shape from another.
selection. In addition, you can also use the Direct selection method and drag a marquee to pick
sections of the path and drag a part of it to create a selection rectangle. For example, let’s draw a fish using shape builder tool.

First you need to make some shapes as in below figure, this totally depends on your creativity and
For example:
imagination.

Simple selection tool is more

preferred to be used while designing

I want the body, fins and tail to be separate shapes, so first I'll select the body and tail shapes, then
choose the Shape Builder Tool. This time I'll click, hold and drag through the body and just the portion
of the tail that overlaps.

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Pathfinder tool:

The Pathfinder Palette is one of the most useful tools in Adobe Illustrator. It makes it easier to
combine paths, divide objects and subtract shapes. It's really handy to master because it helps you
make neater-looking vector images and speeds up your overall workflow.

Suppose we have two different shapes, the interaction with different pathfinder tools is explained
I also need to combine the overlapping sections of the fins with the body, so using the Selection below:
Tool, I'll select the fins and body, then switch back to the Shape Builder Tool and drag through the
overlapping section of the top fin shape, through the body and into the overlapping part of the
bottom fin to combine them.
You will learn about clipping mask tool
in the upcoming section to perform same
task more easily and accurately

All the interactions with the shapes will be done on these two.

Divide:

Here I've added another shape for the mouth, which I want to subtract from the body. I'll select the
body and mouth shapes, then choose the Shape Builder Tool. This time I'll hold down the Alt and drag
through just the mouth shape. Notice the minus sign [-] that appears in the cursor.

Crop:
Here's the cartoon fish illustration with color applied.

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Minus Back: 4.9 Landscape and Portrait Illustrations:

Landscape and portrait are antonyms used in computing, printing, painting, and photography fields
to refer to page orientations. They both refer to two different shapes and versions of a printout, image,
or page, be it a hard or soft copy. To help most folks who are confused on which one they should
refer to as portrait and which one to call landscape, here are the major differences between the two
concepts.

Landscape:
A landscape orientation means a horizontal display. When it comes to sizing, a landscaped page,
image, or painting is taller in height but narrower in width. For example, when a photo is taken
with a camera held straight up, it gets captured in landscape mode.
Other areas where a landscape orientation is required: In notices which need to be in a rectangular
4.8 Align Panel: shape.

You use the Align panel (Window > Align) and the align options in the Control panel to align or In videos.
distribute selected objects along the axis you specify. You can use either the object edges or anchor points On pictures of a wide subject or a large group of people. On Facebook cover photos.
as the reference point, and you can align to a selection, an artboard, or a key object.
Design your project in landscape is
When you select two different shapes in illustrator, you will get some options in menu bar as shown recommended

in Figure 4.36.

Figure 4.37: Landscape Illustration

Figure 4.36
Portrait:
by just clicking on each option, you align two shapes either vertically, horizontally across x and A portrait orientation means a vertical display. In simple terms, a portrait page or image is shorter in
y-axis. height but wider in width. If you were taking a photograph and hold the camera at 90 degrees, the
photo would be taken in portrait orientation.

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Other areas that require portrait orientations: Pictures of tall objects.

Pictures of a single person. In Section-III of this chapter:
A phone’s lock screen image. On Facebook’s profile photos.

Trim: After completing this section, students will be able to: -

Know techniques of:

• ruler
• grid
• guides
• measure tool
• smart guides

4.11 Ruler:

Ruler in Illustrator is used to help organize and accurate place your illustrations. These functions
can be used with their default settings but can also be customized to your needs. The shortcut key
for Ruler is Ctrl+R or you can access ruler from View -> Ruler -> Show Ruler. You will see two
scales as seen in Figure 4.39
Figure 4.38: Portrait Illustration

Figure 4.39: Ruler

Now you can simply use the ruler by dragging a line from upper axis and one from the lower axis
as can be seen in figure 4.41.

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Figure 4.41
Figure 4.42
Now you can simply have a track of work you have to do under particular area.

4.12 Guides: Grids:

The grid appears behind your artwork in the illustration window. It does not print.
Guides help you align text and graphic objects. You can create ruler guides (straight vertical or
horizontal lines) and guide objects (vector objects that you convert to guides). Like the grid, guides • To show or hide the grid, choose View > Show Grid or View > Hide Grid.
do not print. • To snap objects to gridlines, choose View > Snap To Grid, select the object you want to
move, and drag it to the desired location. When the object’s boundaries come within 2 pixels of a
You can choose between two guide styles—dots and lines—and you can change the color of guides gridline, it snaps to the point.
by using either predefined guide colors or colors you select using a color picker. By default,
guides are unlocked so that you can move, modify, delete, or revert them, but you can choose to Note: If you choose View > Pixel Preview, Snap To Grid changes to Snap To Pixel.
lock them into place. • To specify the spacing between gridlines, grid style (lines or dots), grid color, or whether
grids appear in the front or back of artwork, choose Edit > Preferences > Guides & Grid
⚫ To show or hide guides, choose View > Guides > Show Guides or View > Guides > Hide (Windows) or Illustrator > Preferences > Guides & Grid (Mac OS).
Guides.
⚫ To change guide settings, choose Edit > Preferences > Guides & Grid
(Windows) or Illustrator > Preferences > Guides & Grid (Mac OS).
⚫ To lock guides, select View > Guides > Lock Guides.

Using grid make you align your project

more easily

Figure 4.43
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Chapter 4 | Adobe Illustrator (Section-IV) Chapter 4 | Adobe Illustrator

Step 1: Take Two layers

In Section-IV of this chapter:

After completing this section, students will be able to: -

• define clipping mask
• describe use of clipping mask
• learn about technique of clipping mask
• export files in different formats

4.13 Clipping Mask:

When we have to hide areas of color or images then the shapes used for this purpose are called
masks. The basic purpose of masks is to clip images and to insert images inside the text.

A clipping mask is a group of layers to which a mask is applied. The bottom-most layer, or base
layer, defines the visible boundaries of the entire group. For example, suppose you have a shape Figure 4.44
in the base layer, a photograph in the layer above it, and text in the top-most layer. If the photograph
and text appear only through the shape outline in the base layer, they also take on the opacity of
the base layer. Step 2: Place layer 2 on layer 1.

You can group only successive layers. The name of the base layer in the group is underlined, and
the thumbnails for the overlying layers are indented. Additionally, the overlying layers display
the clipping mask icon.

Create a clipping mask:

• Hold down Alt (Option in macOS), position the pointer over the line dividing two layers in the
Layers panel (the pointer changes to two overlapping circles), and then click.

• In the Layers panel, select the top layer of a pair of layers you want to group, and choose Layer
> Create Clipping Mask, With the help of following figures, you’ll have a better understanding
of clipping:

You can design fancy T-Shirts using this

tool

Figure 4.45

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Chapter 4 | Adobe Illustrator Chapter 4 | Adobe Illustrator

Step 3: Right Click on it and select clipping mask.

4.14 Exporting Files
• Choose File > Export.
• Select a location for the file, and enter a filename.
•
• Click Save (Windows) or Export (macOS). Reference in figure 4.48.

Figure 4.46

Step 4: Final Results can be seen in 4.47.

Figure 4.48

Figure 4.47

If you want to remove clipping mask , simply right click and select “Release Compound path”.

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 13- There are different types of shapes available in illustrator by default.
a. two b. three c. four d. five

14- If you press the key while drawing, the shape will be drawn equally from all
Exercise directions
a. Ctrl b. Alt c. Shift d. Esc

Select the most suitable option

Give short answer the following questions
1- Adobe Illustrator is an application program which helps to create 1. Explain Adobe Illustrator and its applications in your own words.
a. Logo b. Graphics c. Illustrations d. all of these 2. What is the purpose of the direct selection tool?
3. What is the purpose of the swatches panel? Furthermore, where do they exist in adobe
2- The home screen on Illustrator is something you will see after opening the program illustrator?
a. seldom b. instantly c. After 2 minutes d. rarely 4. What are the functions of the live paint tool?
5. What is the purpose of the Eyedropper tool?
3- Workspace is the main__ screen of Illustrator
a. work b. home c. office d. exit
Answer the following questions in detail
4- Menu bar is always on the of the windows
a. bottom b. top c. left d. right
1. What is workspace and also write its components in detail in Adobe Illustrator.
2. Write in detail six different components of Adobe Illustrator.
5- The tool panel is on the of the illustrator by default.
3. What are Guides in Adobe Illustrator, Discuss?
a. top b. bottom c. right d. left
4. Write a detailed paragraph on Clipping Mask in Adobe Illustrator.
5. Discuss what you know about Art Board in Illustrator.
6- Selection tool is found in
a. Menu bar b. Property bar c. Tool bar d. none of these

7- The white color pad on the workspace is Activities

a. Page b. Paper c. Art board d. both a and c
1. Create a custom size artboard.
8- The area outside the artboard is called 2. Draw a pet by using these tools: Rectangle, Ellipse and Polygon.
a. Grey zone b. Practice zone c. paste board d. both b and c Practice with Shape builder Tools
3. Clip an image using different shapes.
9- Shortcut key for selection tool is 4. Create an artboard then change its length and width.
a. S b. S+T c. V d. M 5. Load an image and then apply the following manipulation to this image.
i. Change its colors.
10- Shortcut key for Type tool is _______ ii. Change its brightness or contrast.
a. Ctrl+N b-T c-O d-A iii. Change its resolution.
iv. Crop it.
11- Eyedropper tool any color from the images or objects that are already v. Modify its content, to remove its imperfections.
present or created within the program. 6. Draw a Triangle and a Star using Pen Tool.
a. Waters b. Picks c. Erase d. Undo 7. Emboss your picture in your name (Text) using a clipping mask.
8. Draw a Rocket using a Square, Circle, and Shape tool.
12- The Most powerful drawing tool in illustrator is
a. Selection tool b-Pen tool c-Magic wand tool d-Marquee tool

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Chapter 5 | Adobe XD

2- A modern design process involves more than a polished finished article. Wireframing,
Adobe XD iteration, and behavior are all part of the collaborative decision making with UI and UX
design.

Adobe XD is ideal for vector-based UI design, wireframing, interactive design, prototyping, and hi-
fidelity web/app design, for solo designers or whole teams.

Home screen

Chapter 5 The Home screen gives you quick access to learn tab, cloud documents, shared with you and
deleted, manage links, artboard presets, and recent files.

(Section-I)
After completing this section, students will be able to: -
• define adobe xd
• describe purpose of adobe xd
• define home screen
• understand workspace
• create and use artboards
• define design view
• understand prototype view [Link] B. Learn C. Cloud documents D. Shared with you E. Deleted F. Manage links G. Recent
files H. Artboard presets
5.1 Adobe XD
Workspace overview
Adobe XD is a vector-based UI and UX design tool and it can be used to design anything from The workspace of Adobe XD consists of following components as can be seen in Figure 9.2
smartwatch apps to fully fledged websites. Let’s take a look at what it offers to designer and why
it has become such a powerful tool in the web design industry. A. Main menu B. Design mode C. Prototype mode D. Share mode E. Preview on device F.
Preview G. Zoom percentage H. Property Inspector I. Pasteboard J. Artboards K. Plugins L. Layers
M. Libraries N. Toolbar
Purpose
Adobe XD makes app development very
The main purpose of Adobe XD is to addresses the two main problems that Photoshop and other easy

graphics applications couldn’t:

1- Interaction design isn’t static. A designer cannot communicate a fluid and dynamic design
using pixels alone.

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Chapter 5 | Adobe XD

Figure 5.1

5.3 Design View

A design view is a means of organizing design information. It expresses a design in terms of a
set of design entity(s) . A complete design describes all design entities and their attributes. In
contrast a design view looks at:
5.2 Art Board
A subset of the design entities where the design view gives design information about part of the
Artboards represent the screens in your application or pages in your website. It streamlines the system (for example a particular sub-system).
design processes and creates interactive designs for multiple screen sizes in a single document.
Use artboards to create your XD project. A subset of the design attributes where the design view gives a certain type of information about
the entire system (for example the functional safety aspects of the design).
Create a new artboard
Both the design entities and design attributes subsets where the design view gives a certain type of
Adobe XD provides you with artboards for popular screen sizes such as those for different versions information about part of the system (for example component interface specifications).
of iPhones, iPads, and Web. You can create a custom artboard if the choices do not meet your
requirements. As can be seen in figure 5.1.
Frequently make sure to use design view

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(Section-II)
.33

5.4 Prototype View In Section-II of this chapter:

The Share mode in XD consolidates different sharing capabilities into a centralized location and
makes sharing your designs and collaborating with stakeholders and designers a breeze reference
After completing this section, students will be able to: -
in figure 5.2.
• learn fundamental aspects of adobe xd
• work with user interface and wireframe kits
You can use the built-in presets, such as Design Review, Development, Presentation, User Testing,
• understand the usage of masks
and Custom to share your documents and manage your shared links.
• work with point and are type
• create and edit vector shapes
• use the repeat grid function
• create and work with symbols
• export assets
• use comments to get feedback

5.5 Fundamental aspects of Adobe XD

Repeat grid
Helps creating a grid of repeating items such as lists, and photo galleries.

Figure 5.2
Prototype and animation
Creates animated prototypes through linking artboards. These prototypes can be previewed on
supported mobile devices.

Interoperability
XD supports and can open files from Illustrator, Photoshop, Photoshop Sketch, and After
Effects. In addition to the Adobe Creative Cloud, XD can also connect to other tools and services
such as Slack and Microsoft Teams to collaborate. XD is also able to auto-adjust and move from
macOS to Windows. For security, prototypes can be sent with password protection to ensure full
disclosure.

Content-Aware Layout
Design and edit components without the nudging or the tinkering. Content-Aware Layout aligns
and evenly
-spaces as you add, remove, or resize objects. Make adjustments with smart controls and get back
to exploring.

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Voice design As you add objects to the artboard, think about the purpose and intent of each and how you want
Apps can be designed using voice commands. In addition, what users create for smart assistants the user to interact with them. Keep the shapes simple, only as complex as necessary to make your
can be previewed as well. point, and let the mind draw in the details, refer to the image below:

Components
Users can create components (previously known as symbols) to create logos, buttons and other
assets for reuse. Their appearance can change with the context where they are used.

Responsive resize
Responsive resize automatically adjusts, resizes pictures and other objects on the artboards. This
allows the user to have their content automatically adjusted for different screens for different sized
platforms such as mobile phones and PCs.

Plugins
XD is compatible with custom plugins that add additional features and uses. Plugins range from
design to functionality, automation and animation.
Figure 5.3
5.6 Wireframe
Any website or app starts with wireframes — simple line drawings, like blueprints, that lay out the 2. Use shapes as image placeholders
size and structure of page elements, navigation, and site features. They help stakeholders and other
teams focus on and understand the flows, content states, and elements of the design. Basic shapes, such as rectangles and circles, can serve as placeholders for imagery. If you want
to include images in your wireframes, use simple shapes to represent them. Refer to the Image
Working with Wireframe below:

1. Start with basic shapes

Select the appropriate size for your first artboard, based on the device or devices the design will
be used on. You can either select a preset size, or if there isn’t a preset, specify a custom size.

Double-click on the artboard’s title at its top left corner to name it.

Figure 5.4

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3. Save time with symbols 5. Design in grids

If you’re trying to display an interaction, many of the screens in your app will be very similar, Grids let you align objects and text with guides. When you draw, objects snap to the grid
much like a movie — repeating the same main objects, like menu bars and headers, in every screen. automatically when the object’s edges are within the grid’s snap-to zone. Grids also help you get
No need to draw them from scratch every time you add a new artboard. Instead, convert your a quick idea of measurement while laying out objects or text on your artboards as can be seen in
objects into Symbols that are easy to place throughout your artboards. They stay linked, so when figure 5.7.
you update one, you update all.

Figure 5.5 Figure 5.7

4. Arrange artboards 6. Animate your wireframe

You can marquee select (drag select) or hold down Shift and select to pick up multiple artboards Once you have a series of artboards, link them together with animations — known as “wiring the
and move them. You can also use the Arrange buttons or the Arrange option in the menu to arrange app” to show how they interact. Adobe XD lets you define transition types between screens: Slide
the selected artboards. Left, Slide Right, Slide Up, Slide Down, and Dissolve. You can also define the easing and the
duration of the transition itself. Adobe XD defaults to the most recent settings you choose, so it
can speed up the process of wiring your app if you batch many transitions of one type together,
refer to the image below:

Figure 5.6

Figure 5.8

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7. Share your wireframe

7. Share your wireframe Now it’s time to preview your work. You can share your design by sending a link or embedding it
Now it’s time to preview your work. You can share your design by sending a link or embedding it in a web page, and you can enable comments if you want feedback. You can also record a
in a web page, and you can enable comments if you want feedback. You can also record a walkthrough as a .mov file Open the Adobe XD file that you want to share, and click the Share
walkthrough as a ‘.mov’ file. Open the Adobe XD file that you want to share, and click the Share Online icon. Name it and click New link, and XD will give you a URL. When you make changes
Online icon. Name it and click New Link, and XD will give you a URL. When you make changes to your design and want to refresh the URL, click Update Link. You can open it in either the
to your design and want to refresh the URL, click Update Link. You can open it in either the Preview window or in full screen. You can also use Preview to record the interactions. If you need
Preview window or in full screen. You can also use Preview to record the interactions. If you need to make corrections, you can do so while still keeping the Preview window open. Just make your
to make corrections, you can do so while still keeping the Preview window open. Just make your changes to your prototype, and they’ll update immediately.
changes to your prototype, and they’ll update immediately as can be seen in figure 5.9.

Figure 5.9
Figure 5.12

6. Animate your wireframe 5.7 Masking

Once you have a series of artboards, link them together with animations — known as “wiring the
app” to show how they interact. Adobe XD lets you define transition types between screens: Slide Masking is a method of using a shape or object to hide, or cut off, portions of a shape or object below
Left, Slide Right, Slide Up, Slide Down, and Dissolve. You can also define the easing and the it. Similar to “cropping” an image to size, masking lets us show only the parts of an object that we
want to show as shown in figure 5.13.
duration of the transition itself. Adobe XD defaults to the most recent settings you chose, so it can
speed up the process of wiring your app if you batch many transitions of one type together, as can Using masks can help you add excitement to your designs, create fills of odd objects with images
be seen in figure 5.11. or gradients, and help you create the perception of depth in your designs. We’ll explore some
examples of what can be done at the end of this article.

Figure 5.11

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Figure 5.13

Figure 5.14
5.8 Masking with text
Masking text objects in Adobe XD can create unique effects in your designs. Whether you want Drawing masks
to set the background fill to be an expansive mountain range, or a babbling brook, or you want to
mask your text object with another vector shape, it’s all possible. Creating a mask shape is very simple in Adobe XD. You can use any of the existing shapes in XD
to create a rectangle, ellipse, triangle, or polygon. Simply click the shape on the left panel and
To mask a text object, it needs to first be converted to a vector path. To do this, we’ll select the draw it how you’d like. For more complex situations, the pen tool can be a powerful feature for
text object, and navigate to Object > Path > Convert to Path, or hit CMD/CTRL + 8 on the creating complex masks. For instance, you can use the pen tool to trace elements in a photo to mask
keyboard. Your text is now a vector path which we can mask like other objects. a very specific element of the photo as can be seen in figure below.
It is important to remember that the order of the selected objects determines which object acts as
the mask, and which is being masked. The object on the bottom will be masked by the object on
the top. So if you’d like to set your text as the mask to an image, ensure the text object is on top of
the image layer, and then select your “Mask with object” (Shift+CMD+M) command to mask the
image with the new text path.

Figure 5.15

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and to the right to draw a rectangle, stopping on the right edge of the artboard. When alignment
5.9 Creating and editing shapes guides appear on the right, release the mouse button. Don’t worry about the height for now, refer to
Creating vector artwork in Adobe XD is easy thanks to the array of drawing tools available. If you’re the figure below:
coming from other Adobe applications, you’ll find the drawing tools in Adobe XD to be streamlined
and efficient, with a few differences. For more complex vector content, you can use Illustrator and
easily bring the vector artwork into XD.

1- Choose File > Open from Your Computer (macOS), or click the menu icon
(menu_icon.jpg) in the upper- left corner of the application window and choose Open from
Your Computer (Windows). Open the Travel_ [Link] document in the Lessons folder
(or where you saved it). Figure 5.16

5.12 Creating ellipses

Another drawing tool you can use is the Ellipse tool. In this section, you’ll create several circles
that will be used as a button in the app footer.

Press Command+Shift+A (macOS) or Ctrl+Shift+A (Windows) to deselect all so that you will be
able to see all of the artboards in the Layers panel.

Click the Layers panel button (layers_panel.jpg) in the lower-left corner or Ctrl+Y [Windows]) to
open the Layers panel, if it isn’t already open. Double-click the artboard icon to the left of the
artboard name “Icons” in the Layers panel to fit the artboard in the document window.

2- Press Command+0 (macOS) or Ctrl+0 (Windows) to see all of the content.

3- Click the artboard name “Home” in the document window to select that artboard. Press
Command+3 (macOS) or Ctrl+3 (Windows) to zoom in.

4- Select the Select tool and click away from the artboards to deselect all.

5.11 Creating rectangles

Figure 5.17
In this section, using the Rectangle tool, you’ll create a rectangle that will be used as a button on
the home screen.
5.13 Repeat Grid Function
Select the Rectangle tool (rectangle_tool.jpg) in the toolbar. Near the bottom of the Home artboard, Simply click-and-drag to turn a single element into repeating grids. Create sets of replicated
move the pointer over the left edge of the artboard until that edge of the artboard turns aqua. This elements like photo galleries, product listings, contact lists, menus, and more. You can also add
change in color indicates that the shape will snap or align to the edge of the artboard. Drag down states to repeat effects and interactions across elements, all at once.

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Drag it out
With your element selected, click “Repeat Grid” and drag the green handles in any direction to
generate a grid. You can hover over spaces between elements to adjust the distance., refer to the
image below:

Figure 5.19
5.14 Design your first element.
Using easy drawing, create an element to repeat. Select all the layers and turn it into a group, Bring in real content
refer to the figure below.
Drag in images or import text to replace content in your grid. The grid will automatically update
with local content to make it look like the real thing as can be seen in figure 5.21.

Figure 5.21

5.15 Symbol
If you find that you are reusing objects in your Adobe XD UI, you should consider converting them
to symbols. Symbols are linked objects that can be reused across all artboards in a document.
Figure 5.18 Because they are dynamically linked, changes to one reflect across all instances.

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To convert an object into a symbol, follow these steps: 5.16 Export assets

1- Open a document that contains at least one artboard, an icon, and some related text. In this Open your Adobe XD file and select the asset or the artboard you want to export. To select an
example, we open the file from the ‘Dummies CC files’ folder named delivery symbol sample artboard, click the artboard title.
in Adobe XD.
You can also mark assets or artboards for export and then export them all in bulk. To mark assets
2- Select an object and some text that you want to reuse. In this example, one of the grouped for export, open the Layers panel and click the Mark for Batch Export icon.
Submit buttons is selected.
To export a JPEG on macOS, select File > Export. On Windows, click the Hamburger menu, and
3- Right-click (Windows) or Ctrl-click (Mac) and select Make Symbol from the contextual click Export. There are 3 options to export:
menu.
Batch: Export assets that are marked using the Mark for Export option.
If you look in the Layers panel, the object that you converted into a symbol now has a symbol icon Selected: Export selected assets.
to the left of the name. All Artboards: To export all the artboards in your design.
When you export assets (such as photos) as JPEG, you can set the quality level of the exported JPEG
according to your needs. Choose any of the percentage options in the Quality drop-down list,
navigate to the destination folder, and click Export.

Comments and Feedback

1- To pin or move your comments to indicate specific areas in the artboard, click Place a pin, and
then click the specific location in the artboard as can be seen in figur 5.22.

If you click the Symbols icon in the lower left of the XD workspace, you see your symbol in a
thumbnail view.

Figure 5.22

A. Invite option B. Zoom settings C. Full screen mode D. Support and Feedback E. Notifications
F. User profile G. Menu options for comments H. Filter comments I. Hide annotations J. All Screen
Comments toggle button

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1- Type in your comment and click Submit to submit the comment. You can also switch from a
regular comment to a pinned comment. XD assigns a number to every pinned comment. The
comments in the comments panel also reflect these numbers, allowing designers to easily
identify the context of the comment.

2- Use @mention while commenting to call out specific collaborators to your feedback and
notify them via email or Creative Cloud application. @mention provides hints of their names
based on the invite settings set in the Publish dialog box while designers share design specs.
Exercise
3- Select Cancel to cancel an added comment in the comments panel. Select the most suitable option
4- To view the comments that have been marked as resolved, click the Filter icon, and select
Resolved. 1- Adobe XD is a vector-based and UX design tool
a. UI b. User Interface c. Dev d. both a and b
5- To keep your comments open if they are wrongly marked as resolved, click Move to
Unresolved. 2- UX stands for
a. Unique Xavier b. User Experience c. Ultimate Xamp d. User Xample

3- Interaction design is in Adobe XD

a. Static b. Flow c. Motion d. Good

4- Adobe XD is ideal for UI design

a. Genuine b. Real c. vector d. Logo

5- Cloud Document can be accessed from

a. Settings b. Home c. Menu d. Help

6- Main Menu and Design mode is a part of

a. Home screen b. Intro c. Files d. Workspace

7- Artboard represents the in your application

a. screen b. paste board c. workspace d. none of these

8- Adobe XD provides different versions of screen e.g _______

a. Iphone b. Ipad c. Web d. all of these

9- Design view means organizing information

a. File b. Folder c. Design d. Source

10- Prototype view can be accessed from

a. Prototype tool b. Share mode c. Chrome cast d. Screen Mirror

11- Repeat grid is a grid of repeating items such as

a. photo b. text c. vector d. all of these

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 Chapter 6 | CorelDraw

12- XD can open files from

a. Inpage b. Corel Draw c. Illustrator d. both b and c

13- command can be used to design apps

CorelDraw
a. text b. voice c. visual d. both a and b

14- Any website or app starts with

a. intro b. outro c. program d. wireframe

15- let you align objects and text with guides

6
a. Rules b. Guides c. Grid d. Mesh

Give short answer the following questions

Chapter
1- Write a detailed note to describe Adobe XD functions and its features.
2- Define different masking methods in Adobe XD with two examples for each method. (Section-I)
3- What are the eight fundamental aspects of Adobe XD?
5- Write down five ways adobe XD makes development easy.
After completing this section, students will be able to: -

Answer the following questions in detail The student will be able to:
1. Discuss what you know about Design View and Prototype View. • define coreldraw
2. Write Fundamentals aspects of Adobe XD. • describe applications of coreldraw
3. Write what you know about Wireframe and also write three steps of working with • understand the difference between vector image and bitmap image
Wireframe.
• define resolution

Activities 6.1 Define CorelDraw

CorelDraw is a software program for editing vector graphics.
1- Create an artboard Choosing presets for iPhone.
2- Design a multipage responsive UI for mobile app and export it as per requirement.
Vector graphics are created in graphics packages and consist of objects. Each object can be edited
3- Export file and share with fellows.
separately, meaning that the shape, colour, size and position can be changed.
4- Search and explore different UI presets for Adobe XD.
5- Create unique design using text masking.
Developed by Ottawa-based software company, Corel, CorelDraw, styled CorelDRAW, allows
6- Draw vector art using drawing tools.
users to to do things like add special effects such as borders to images, in addition to allowing for
7- Convert your frequently used objects to symbols.
contrast adjustment, colour balancing and more.
8- Make a wireframe for social media website.
10- Export your project, exchange them with your fellows and study the approached used in
One of the handy features of the software is that it can also work with multiple layers and multiple
making these.
pages.

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Common Bitmap programs include: Photoshop, Corel Paint, Painter, Photo Impact, Windows
Paint.

The second type of graphics- Vector graphics- are a way of representing pictures by designating
coordinates and drawing lines or geometric shapes in relation to them. In vector graphics, the image is
saved as a file containing instructions for drawing it, as opposed to Bitmap graphics in which an
image is stored as a collection of pixels. One advantage of vector graphics over bitmap graphics is
that a picture can be enlarged or reduced without losing quality. Vector graphics are most
commonly seen in clip art, fonts and logos. Adobe Flash is a program that extensively uses Vector
format graphics on web sites. Other hallmarks of Vector graphics include:
1. Small file sizes.
2. Files are resolution and bit-depth independent.
3. They can be any shape, as opposed to the rectangular dimensions.
4. Vector file formats include WMF, EPS, AI.

6.2 Applications Common Vector programs include: Illustrator, Freehand Corel Draw.

CorelDraw provides users with different tools to create original images or drastically edit them.
Some of the things that users are able to do with the program are QR code generation, page layout
and adding various special effects. Furthermore, CorelDraw is also compatible with other programs
in the CorelDraw X7 Graphics Suite, such as Corel PHOTO-PAINT, which allows users to create
even more complex images.

Corel draw is used in many printings

business Figure 6.1: Difference between Bitmap and Vectors

6.4 Resolution
6.3 Bitmap vs Vector
Image resolution is the total amount of pixels shown by a digital image expressed as width and height
In Bitmap graphics, an image is displayed on the screen as a collection of tiny squares called pixels, proportions. For example, an image with a resolution of 1920 x 1080, has a total of 2,073,600 pixels
which together form a pattern. Bitmap images- sometimes called Raster images- are the most – which is usually referred to as a “2 megapixel” picture as can be seen in figure 6.2.
commonly used graphic type. Nearly all photographs and images on the internet are Bitmaps.
Reference in Figure 6.1 Here are some hallmarks of bitmap graphics: Resolution is often used interchangeably as the “size” of an image, but it also expresses the size
of a display, monitor, screen, or TV (display resolution) in relation to its physical ability to focus
light. An HD display has a maximum resolution of 1920 x 1080 pixels, half the resolution of a 4K
File size is dependent on: Data x Resolution (pixel dimensions) x Bit Depth (number of colors per display (3840 x 2160 pixels). Usually, a display with a higher resolution may also support several
pixel) as well as the compression technique used to squeeze data together. All bitmaps are lesser ones.
rectangular and respond relatively the same way. Bitmap file formats include TIF, BMP, GIF, JPG.
The difference in formats is usually seen in the file sizes.

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Chapter 6 | CorelDraw Chapter 6 | CorelDraw
(Section-II)
The crispness of an image depends on the size of the monitor and its resolution. A 27’’ monitor
with a 2560 x 1440 pixels resolution will show a clearer image than a monitor of the same size but
with a maximum resolution of 1920 x 1080 pixels since its PPI(pixel per inch) will be naturally higher. In Section-II of this chapter:
However, the same resolution of 2560 x 1440 pixels may look blocky or blurred in a large 60’’ TV.
Figure 6.2
After completing this section, students will be able to:
• define home screen
• understand workspace
• configure the workspace
• understand coreldraw interface
• describe viewing modes and customizing options
• create and manipulate objects
• understand drawing, outline, fill, and transform o b j e c t s
• understand usage and installation of fonts
• use layers and special effects
• bitmap and vector effect
• letter head and data merge
• use tools, palettes, symbols, clip-art, and work with b i t m a p s
• save, and print design layouts
• apply styles and templates
• create animations, sprites, and interactive movies

6.5 Home Screen

Just like many other applications CorelDraw has a Home Screen. The user gets many options either
to open his workspace or to open a previously saved file with some list of available saved files as
can be seen in Figure 6.3.

Figure 6.3

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6.6 Workspace 6.8 CorelDraw Interface

A workspace is a configuration of settings that specifies how the various command bars, The interface of CorelDraw of is similar to many other similar applications. The components of
commands, and buttons are arranged when you open the application. The specialized workspaces in
Corel Draw interface are marked in Figure 6.6.
CorelDRAW are configured according to specific workflows or tasks, such as page layout work
or illustrating. An example look of workspace can be seen in figure 6.4.

Remember to customize workspace to

work efficiently

Figure 6.6
Figure 6.4
Here’s a list of Interface components:
6.7 Configuring the workspace
Go to Tools > Customization. In the Options dialog box, you will see the Customization section in
the left menu. This is where you control what toolbars are displayed. We will be adding
Commands (buttons) to a new Command Bar (toolbar) in Figure 6.5.

6.9 Viewing Mode

There are six different types of viewing modes in CorelDraw. The viewing mode you choose affects
the amount of time it takes for a drawing to open or be displayed on the monitor. For example, a
drawing displayed in Wireframe view takes less time to refresh or open than does a drawing
Figure 6.5 displayed in Simulate Overprints view.

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• Wireframe — displays an outline of the drawing by hiding fills, extrusions, contours, and drop
shadows; also displays the bitmaps in monochrome. This mode lets you quickly preview basic Objects are basically anything in your document. It can be a shape, line, text, image, etc. Suppose
we want to make a random object (shape), we’ll have to select the desired shape tool that we need
elements in a drawing.
to draw as you can see in Figure 6.8.
• Normal — displays a drawing without PostScript fills or high-resolution bitmaps. This mode
refreshes and opens slightly faster than the Enhanced mode.
• Enhanced — displays a drawing with PostScript fills, high-resolution bitmaps, and anti-aliased
vector graphics.
• Pixels — displays a pixel-based rendition of the drawing, which allows you to zoom in on an area
of an object, and then position and size the object more precisely. This view also lets you see
what the drawing will look like when it is exported to a bitmap file format.
• Simulate overprints — simulates the color of areas where overlapping objects were set to overprint
and displays PostScript fills, high-resolution bitmaps, and anti-aliased vector graphics. For
information about overprinting objects, see To overprint selected color separations.
• Rasterize complex effects — rasterizes the display of complex effects, such as transparencies,
bevels, and drop shadows when in Enhanced view. This option is useful for previewing how
the complex effects will be printed. To ensure the successful printing of complex effects, most
printers require complex effects to be rasterized. Example of different viewing modes are in Figure 6.8
figure below:

We can draw a rectangle or a square by dragging diagonally with the Rectangle tool or by specifying
the width and height with the three-point rectangle tool. We can find the three-point rectangle tool very
useful for creating rectangles at an angle. Both tools are located on the Rectangle flyout.

To draw a rectangle, open the Rectangle flyout, click the Rectangle tool, and drag in the drawing
window until the rectangle is the size you want.

To draw a square, click the Rectangle tool, hold down Ctrl, and drag in the drawing window until
Figure 6.7: Different Viewing Modes
the square is the size you want.

To draw a rectangle at an angle, click the 3 point rectangle tool. In the drawing window, point to
Check your project in different viewing where you want to start the rectangle, drag to draw the width, and release the mouse button. Move
modes to get a better idea
the pointer to draw the height, and click.

6.11 Creating and manipulating objects

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6.12 Drawing, Outline, Fill, and Transform Objects Outlines

The outline is the outer border of a graphic or area of text. You can also convert an outline to an
object, and you can remove an outline. Converting an outline to an object creates an unfilled closed
object with the outline’s shape. You can apply fills and special effects to the new object.

1- You can draw a rectangle from its center outward by holding down Shift as you drag Fill
with the Rectangle tool. The Fill attribute is used to adjust an object’s content. Changes are applied to the currently
selected objects. Colors, gradients, patterns or images can be added to fills.
2- You can draw a square from its center outward by holding down Shift + Ctrl as you
drag with the Rectangle tool. Transformation
1. Select the object.

2. Click Object menu > Transformations, and click a command. The Transformations
3- You can draw a rectangle that covers the drawing page by double-clicking the
Rectangle tool. docker opens at the page that corresponds to the command you selected (the Rotate page in the following
example).

Let’s manipulate the rectangle by coloring it. To do that you can select the shape by clicking it and
the right click on the color to fill the rectangle, reference in Figure 6.9. Fonts and Installation
A font, essentially, is the lettering that graphic designers use to put text on their images and videos.
They come in all shapes and sizes, and there is likely one for every imaginable use. A good image
paired with a great font gives your work an edge and helps you to better convey your message.

Installation process
1- Download the font from Google Fonts, or another font website.
2- Unzip the font by double-clicking on the .zip file in your Downloads folder.
3- Open the font folder, which will show the font or fonts you downloaded. Refer to the
image below:

Figure 6.9

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Quick Pan tool

With a single click, you can bring out the pan hand to quickly pan around your image while
maintaining your same zoom level. It’s a brilliant way to get a visual overview of your entire
project.

Drop Shadow tool

Learn how to create a chiseled wood carving special effect with the Drop Shadow tool.

Using layers in CorelDRAW

Layers provide a very effective way to organize the objects you create with CorelDRAW. By using
Lorem ipsum
layers, you can reduce your work time, make it easier to handle the job at hand, and increase the
accuracy level of your designs.

What type of jobs are suitable for creating in layers?

Multi-page jobs – certain objects that are required to appear and print on all pages and some which
are different and need to appear only on individual pages, for example, a wall calendar. The master
head will be common to all pages but the dates will change on each page. Single page jobs –
multiple Bank Cheques for a client company with a common background for the cheque and some
other objects unique for each bank, such as the name, bank account, contact information, etc. I use
Figure 6.11 layers when designing my clients’ cheques for multiple banks to their distribution of dividend
warrants among their shareholders.

4- Open the folder, then right-click on each font file and select Install. You must repeat this for 6.14 Bitmap
all the individual font files (such as Butler Bold and Butler Extrabold).
Corel PHOTO-PAINT work with bitmap images. When you work with bitmap images, you can
refine small details, make drastic changes, and intensify effects.
6.13 Special effects
Bitmap images, also called raster or paint images, are made of individual dots, called pixels
We can apply several camera effects to adjust the color and tone of your photos, including Bokeh (picture elements), that are arranged and colored differently to form a pattern. When you zoom in,
blur, Colorize, Sepia toning and Time Machine. These visually stunning special effects allow you to you can see the individual squares that make up the total image. Increasing the size of a bitmap has
recreate popular photographic styles from the past with seven unique visual and historic styles that the effect of increasing individual pixels, making lines and shapes appear jagged.
range from 1839 to the 1960s. Enjoy even more ways to enrich your images with RAW file support
for over 300 types of cameras. Your design combinations are endless with this diverse collection of An example of a bitmap image in Figure 6.12
special effects.

Shape tools
Reap the benefits from four new shaping tools that provide creative special effects options for
refining your vector objects, including the Smear tool, Twirl tool and the Attract and Repel tools.

Freehand Pick tool

Save time by gaining greater control over object selection and transformation, especially when
working with curved objects and non-linear shapes. See how the Freehand Pick tools allow you to
easily isolate and manipulate an object. A very popular special effects tool!
Figure 6.12

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6.15 Vector Effects 6.16 Using Color Palette

There are two types of vector effects: effects, such as bevels, blends, contours, and extrusions, When designing and editing images for your small business, creating custom color palettes can
which can be applied only to vector objects; and effects, such as envelopes, drop shadows, inner save time and effort, keeping the colors you use most at your fingertips. Not unlike a master artist
shadows, block shadows, lenses, perspective, and mosaics, which can be applied to both vector mixing colors on a traditional handheld board, you can use CorelDRAW to create palettes loaded with
and bitmap objects. Refer to the image below: your preferred shades and hues. Investing a few minutes in the palette creation process can save you
Vector effect somewhat converts
frustration over the course of a project, eliminating the need to search for just the right color each
your 3d object to 2d and every step of the way.

1. Launch CorelDRAW and click "Window" to bring up an option menu. Select "Color
Palettes" and then "Palette Editor."

2. Click the "New Palette" icon on the Palette Editor screen. This icon is the first of four
buttons located to the far right just below the Palette Editor's "X" button.

3. Select where you would like to save your new palette. The default directory is
C:\Program\Files\Corel\Graphics\Custom\Palettes.

4. Enter a name for your new palette, one that you'll easily recognize as belonging to the
current project. Click "Save."

5. Click the "Add Color" button found on the right side of the Palette Editor window. The Select
Figure 6.13 Color window opens, providing CorelDRAW's full array of color choices.

6. Search through the preset palettes and click on the colors you would like to have in your
new palette. Click the "Add to Palette" button in the bottom left of the window to assign
the colour to your palette.

7. Pick as many colors as you'd like to fill out your new palette. Click "Close" and "OK" to
finalize your palette.

6.17 Using Symbols

Symbols are similar to text so they need to be installed before they can be used in CorelDraw:
1. Launch CorelDRAW and create a new graphic or open an existing document.
2. Click the Text | Insert Symbol Character (the Insert Character docker will appear on the
right side of the work area).
3. Choose the desired symbol set from the drop-down menu and simply drag and drop the
symbols into your document.

6.17 Using Cliparts

There are times that you want a simple object to add effect to your diagram or flowchart and an
image doesn’t make sense. Clip art can be a great way to add a visual element. With CorelDRAW
you can create custom clipart designs.

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Step 1 Add the image that you want to create the clipart from. Step 2 Outline the part you want for
the clip art and clip them. Step 3 Color the shapes to the color you desire.
Step 4 And you are done. Save your new clipart design.
Exercise
6.18 Working with Bitmap
Select the most suitable option
To edit a bitmap in Corel PHOTO-PAINT read the text below:
1. Using the Pick tool, select the bitmap that you want to edit. 1. Corel Draw is a Software for Editing
2. On the property bar, click Edit bitmap. a. Vector Graphics b. Pictures c. UI Design d. 3D Objects
3. Corel PHOTO-PAINT opens, with the selected bitmap in the image window.
4. Edit the bitmap. 2. Corel Draw is Compatible With
5. In Corel PHOTO-PAINT, click the Save button, and click the Close button in the top a. Photoshop b. Photo Paint c. UI Design d. 3D Objects
right corner of the application window.
6. Corel PHOTO-PAINT closes and the edited bitmap appears on the drawing page in 3. Vector Graphics are Represented in
CorelDRAW. a. Coordinates and Lines b. Pixels c. JPG d. GIF

Saving: 4. What is the Height of a 1920 * 1080 pixel Image?

a. 2,073,600 Pixel b. 1920 * 1080 Pixel c. 1920 Pixel d. 1080 Pixel
1. Click the Tools > Save Settings As Default.
2. Click the Tools > Options > Workspace > Export. 5. How many Viewing Modes Does CorelDraw Have
3. Select All Check Boxes and click Save. a. 4 b. 7 c. 8 d. 6
4. Give it a filename and Save.
5. To make sure the workspace file is also backed up securely. Repeat steps 2,3,4 but save in 6. Corel Photo-Paint Works with
another location such as "My Documents" so that if the temporary folder where a. JPG b. PNG c. GIF d. Bitmap
CorelDRAW workspaces are usually saved gets corrupt or needs to be reset for technical
support purposes the workspace can be re-installed from another location that would likely be 7. All Bitmap Images are in
unaffected.
a. Rectangular b. Sqare c. Circle d. Triangle
8. Vector File Format is
a. WMF b. ESP c. PNG d. Both A and B

9. HD Display has Resolution of

a. 3840 * 2160 b. 1920 * 1080 c. 5120 * 2160 d. 7680 * 432

10. The Crispness of an Image Depends on

a. Monitor b. Resolution c. No. of Pixels d. Both A and B

11. What Part of CorelDraw Specifies which Toolbars are to be displayed?

a. Customization b. Workspace c. Viewing Mode d. None Above

12. What is the Hotkey to Draw Square from its Center Outwards?
a. Shift + Alt b. Ctrl + Alt c. Shift + Ctrl d. None Above

13. Freehand Pick Tool Provides a Greater Control Over

a. Rotation b. Selection and Transformation
c. Customization d. Editing

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 Chapter 7 | Adobe InDesign

14. The Type of Vector Effects is

a. Extrusion b. Color c. Transformation d. None Above
Adobe InDesign
15. What is the Universal Image Format That Support Wide Range of Cameras?
a. GIF b. PNG c. JPG d. RAW

Give short answer the following questions

1. Define CorelDraw.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Define Applications of CorelDraw.
What is Bitmap Graphics?
What is Vector Graphics?
What is Resolution?
What is the Purpose of the Workspace in CorelDraw?
Chapter 7
7. Name Interface Components of CorelDraw.
8. What are Vector Effects?
9. How to save a Workspace in CorelDraw. (Section-I)
10. What is the Purpose of the Quick Pan tool?

After completing this section, students will be able to: -

Answer the following questions in detail
The student will be able to:
1. Discuss Viewing Modes of Corel Draw.
2. Discuss in detail the Difference between Bitmap and Vector.
3. Discuss in detail the Creating and Manipulating of Objects. • define indesign
4. Discuss the various types of Shape Tools and Layers in Corel Draw. • understand indesign workspace
5. Write in Detail what you know About Using Color Palette. • define indesign tools
• understand pages panel
• describe paragraph styles, character styles and object styles
Activities • define layers
• import files into indesign
1- Prepare a presentation on features of CorelDraw.
2- Create business cards for various professionals from different businesses.
7.1 InDesign
3- Create web banners for different social media platforms.
4- Create front pages for books InDesign is a sophisticated page-layout program. You can use it to create professional-looking
documents, including newsletters, books and magazines. You can also use it to create documents for
5- Create a three-fold brochure using photographs for a business. distribution on a tablet such as an iPad and even documents that includes interactivity or videos. It
6- Create slides of presentation using script and macros to create a calendar. has evolved into a tool that lets you publish content to just about any device or in print. For example,
using InDesign you can create a document and distribute content in print and then add hyperlinks,
videos, and export it to PDF or EPUB.

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InDesign is widely used for book

making

7.2 Workspace
The Workspace refers to how the entire InDesign window is configured—the panels on the Panel
Dock, the tools that are displayed on the top level of the Toolbar, etc. There are several preset
workspaces built into InDesign that are geared for different kinds of projects, such as Digital
Publishing. Customized workspaces can also be created by users.

1- To select a preset workspace, click the Workspace menu at the upper right of the InDesign
window.

Figure 7.2

3- The panel opens in the middle of the InDesign window. To anchor it to the Panel Dock at the
right, I'll click and hold on the bar at the top of the Align Panel group and drag it underneath
the other panels on the dock so that a blue highlight appears. This indicates the panel will be
anchored to the dock.

Figure 7.1

2- I've chosen Typography as can be seen in figure 7.1 to use as the base for the custom workspace
I'll be creating. Now I'll bring out some additional panels by going to the Window menu and, in
this case, scrolling to Object & Layout and choosing Align.

Figure 7.3

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4- This new configuration can be saved by going back to the Workspace menu and choosing 6- The custom workspace now appears in the Workspace menu.
New Workspace.

Figure 7.4

5- Name the workspace in the next dialog box and click OK.
Figure 7.6

Tools
The InDesign Toolbox contains all of the selection, drawing, and viewing tools for creating and
manipulating text and objects. This document will familiarize you with the tools in the Toolbox.

Figure 7.5

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Pages panel works similar to Photoshop

7.3 Pages Panel

Step 1: Locate/Open the Pages panel

When you click the OK button in the New Document window, InDesign creates a blank document
set up to your specifications. If you’re used to working in a single-page program, like Illustrator or
Photoshop, or even a word-processing program, like Microsoft Word or Pages, the way that
documents are laid out and navigated through in InDesign can seem quite different and may not be
immediately intuitive.

Unless you have set your Preferences to open a pre-defined Workspace, InDesign will open the
workspace (the collection and arrangement of panels) in Essential’s mode. You can view this, or
alter the workspace to suit your specific purposes, from the top right of the control panel running
along the top of your screen as can be seen in figure 7.7.

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The Layers panel allows you to manage layers in your document, just as you would in Photoshop
or Illustrator. You can choose to View or Hide layers, and Lock or Unlock them, by clicking in the
two square spaces to the left of the layer’s name in the panel.

Different Styles:

Paragraph Styles:

Paragraph styles allow you to save and re-use specific text formatting (e.g. font or size) and
paragraph formatting (e.g. tabs, indents or paragraph spacing) reference in figure below.

⚫ Font family Font style Font size Leading Spacing

Figure 7.7
⚫ Horizontal/vertical scale Alignment
One of the most important, and useful, panels in InDesign is the Pages panel. This will open by ⚫ Indents
default, or you can find it in the Window menu (Window > Pages). You will see that the panel is ⚫ Space before/after Tabs
actually a group of three panels: Pages, Layers and Links. ⚫ Paragraph Colour

Figure 7.8
The Layers panel allows you to manage layers in your document, just as you would in Photoshop
or Illustrator. You can choose to View or Hide layers, and Lock or Unlock them, by clicking in the
two square spaces to the left of the layer’s name in the panel.

Figure 7.11

7.4 Character styles

Character styles allow you to save and re-use specific text formatting (e.g. font face or font colour).
Using a character style allows you to customize specific text within a paragraph.
Figure 7.9

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Reference in figure below:

⚫ Font family Font style Font size Leading Spacing

⚫ Horizontal/vertical scale Character Colour

⚫ As a general rule, you should have a lot more paragraph styles defined than character styles.
Character styles are for the exceptions, paragraph styles are for everything else.

Figure 7.13

7.5 Layers
Figure 7.12
Each document includes at least one named layer. By using multiple layers, you can create and
Use the Object Styles panel to create, edit, and apply object styles. For each new document, the edit specific areas or kinds of content in your document without affecting other areas or kinds of
panel initially lists a default set of object styles. Object styles are saved with a document and content. For example, if your document prints slowly because it contains many large graphics, you
display in the panel each time you open that document. The Text Frame icon marks the default style can use one layer for just the text in your document; then, when it’s time to proofread the text, you
for text frames; the Graphics Frame icon marks the default style for graphics frames and drawn can hide all other layers and quickly print the text layer only. You can also use layers to display
shapes. alternate design ideas for the same layout, or versions of advertisements for different regions.

Use the Object Styles panel to create, name, and apply object styles. For each new document, the Think of layers as transparent sheets stacked on top of each other. If a layer doesn’t have objects on
panel initially lists a default set of object styles. Object styles are saved with a document and it, you can see through it to any objects on layers behind it.
display in the panel each time you open that document. The Text Frame icon marks the default style
for text frames; the Graphics Frame icon marks the default style for graphic frames; the Grid icon
marks the default style for frame grids.
Additional layer notes:

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(Section-II)

Each document layer has a disclosure triangle that can be expanded to reveal the objects and their
In Section-II of this chapter:
stacking order on that layer for the active spread. Groups, buttons, and multi-state objects also have
disclosure triangles that can be expanded to display their contained objects. You can re-order these
objects, lock and unlock them, and add or remove them from groups. After completing this section, students will be able to: -
• understand hierarchy of master pages
Objects on masters appear at the bottom of each layer. Master items can appear Infront of document • define page sizes
page objects if the master page objects are on a higher layer. Layers involve all pages of a document, • define master page creation and formatting
including masters. For example, if you hide Layer 1 while editing page 1 of your document, the • understand automatic page numbering
layer is hidden on all pages until you decide to show it again. • understand incorporation of text and images in master f r a m e s

Make sure to work in layers it is easy to

revert changes
7.7 Master Page
A master is like a background that you can quickly apply to many pages. Objects on a master appear
on all pages with that master applied. Master items that appear on document pages are surrounded by
a dotted border. Changes you make to a master are automatically applied to associated pages.
Masters commonly contain repeating logos, page numbers, headers, and footers. They can also
contain empty text or graphic frames that serve as placeholders on document pages. A master item
cannot be selected on a document page unless the master item is overridden.

Masters can have multiple layers, just like pages in your document. Objects on a single layer have
their own stacking order within that layer. Objects on a master page layer appear behind objects
assigned to the same layer in the document page.

If you want a master item to appear in front of objects on the document page, assign a higher layer
to the object on the master. A master item on a higher layer appears in front of all objects on lower
layers. Merging all layers will move master items behind document page objects, refer to the image
below.

Figure 7.14

7.6 Importing File

Step 1 Open a new InDesign document by selecting "New," then choose "Document" from the
"File" menu.

Step 2 Select "Place" from the "File" menu. Navigate to the location of the file which is to be
imported, then click "Open." The Illustrator file is now part of the InDesign document.

Figure 7.14

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Master items (top left) appear behind page objects on the same layer (bottom left) moving a master
item to a higher layer (top right) moves it in front of all objects on lower layers (bottom right).

7.8 Page Size

Page size refers to the area of your publication. Paper, or sheet, size is the size of the paper used
for printing. Orientation refers to the portrait (vertical) or landscape (horizontal) layout.
Changing the page size
Use the Change Page Size option on the Pages panel if you are planning on changing a single
page on the document and don’t want the elements to resize.

Step 1 Open the Pages panel by going to Window > Pages, as can be seen in figure below:

Figure 7.16

Step 3
In the Custom Page Size option window, you will be able to find previous sizes you’ve used that you
can select from. You can also create a new size by adding a Name and changing the Width and
Height.

Let’s create a new option, and set the Name to Project 1. Set the Width to 8 in and the Height to 6
in. Click on Add. Select the new setting from the options below and click OK.

Figure 7.15
Figure 7.17

Step 2 On the Pages panel, click on the Edit Page Size button, and select Custom. Step 4
In the image below, you can see that page 1 is bigger than page 2. This will be reflected in the
layout window but not in the Pages panel. This approach won’t allow you to resize the elements
on the page, only the size of a single or multiple pages of your choice.

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For Number of Pages, type a value for the number of pages you want in the master spread (as many
as ten).

Create a master from an existing page or spread

⚫ Drag an entire spread from the Pages section of the Pages panel to the Masters section.
Select a spread in the Pages panel and choose Save As Master from the Pages panel menu.
⚫ Any objects on the original page or spread become part of the new master. If the original
page used a master, the new master is based on the original page’s master refer to the image
below.

Figure 7.19

7.11 Formatting a master page

Figure 7.18 You can edit the layout of master pages at any time; changes you make are automatically reflected
on all pages with that master applied. For example, any text or graphic you add to a master will
appear on document pages to which the master is applied.
7.9 Master Page Creation 1- In the Pages panel, double-click the icon for the master you want to edit, or select the
master page from the text box list at the bottom of the document window. The master spread
By default, any document you create has a master page. You can create additional masters from appears in the document window.
scratch or from an existing master page or document page. After you apply master pages to other 2- Make changes to the master.
pages, any changes made to the source master carry forward to the masters and document pages
that are based on it. With careful planning, this provides an easy way to make layout changes to InDesign automatically updates any pages using that master.
multiple pages across your document.
To change the size of the master page, select it using the Page tool, and then use the options in the
Create a master from scratch Control panel to change the dimension. See ‘Use multiple page sizes’.

1- Choose New Master in the Pages panel menu.

2- Specify the following options, and click OK: 7.12 Page Numbering
You can add a current page number marker to your pages to specify where a page number sits on
For Prefix, type a prefix that identifies the applied master for each page in the Pages panel. You
a page and how it looks. Because a page number marker updates automatically, the page number
can type as many as four characters.
it displays is always correct—even as you add, remove, or rearrange pages in the document. Page
number markers can be formatted and styled as text.
For Name, type a name for the master spread.
Add a page number marker to a master page
For Based on Master, choose an existing master spread on which you’ll base this master spread,
or choose None. Page number markers are commonly added to master pages. When master pages are applied to
document pages, the page numbering is updated automatically, similar to headers and footers.

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Graphics placed in InDesign are linked by default to the original file outside InDesign. If a placed
graphic is updated outside InDesign — in Adobe Photoshop for instance — the graphic is
automatically updated in InDesign.

1- Choose Window > Links to see a list of all the graphic files placed in a document in the
Links panel. Each linked graphic is listed in the Links panel along with the number of the
page it’s on.
2- Select an image in the Links panel and click the Go To Link button to select the image.
3- Click the Relink button with a graphic selected in the list and navigate to a replacement
image. Any transformations performed in InDesign are preserved.
Figure 7.21
Incorporation of text (Add text with the Type tool)
1- If the automatic page number is on a master page, it displays the master page prefix. On a
document page, the automatic page number displays the page number. On a pasteboard, it 1- Select the Type tool in the toolbox.
displays PB. 2- With the Type tool selected, drag in the Document window to add a text frame to the
In the Pages panel, double-click the master page to which you want to add your page document, or click on an existing text frame to add text.
number. To create master pages, see Create masters. 3- Choose Type > Fill with Placeholder Text to fill the frame with placeholder text.
2- Create a text frame large enough to hold the longest page number and any text you want to 4- With the text cursor in the text frame, type your text. Text will wrap once it reaches the right
appear next to it. Position the text frame where you want the page number to appear. If your edge of the text frame. Dragging a corner of the text frame scales the text object and wraps
document has facing pages, create separate text frames for the left and right master pages. the text within it. If the text frame is too small, a red plus appears in the lower-right corner
3- In the page number text frame, add any text that will come before or after the page number of the frame, indicating overset text (the text doesn’t fit). Reposition the text object with the
(such as “Page “). Selection tool in the toolbox.
4- Position the insertion point where you want the page number to appear, and then choose Type 5- Format text with the options in the Properties panel.
> Insert Special Character > Markers > Current Page Number.

5- Apply the master page to the document pages on which you want the page numbering to
appear. To apply master pages, see Apply master pages.

7.13 Working with Graphics and Text

Adding Graphics in a Project

In InDesign, you can bring raster images, like an image you take with your phone, or vector
graphics, like a logo, into your documents:

1- Choose File > Place to place a graphic (or multiple graphics) in your document.
2- Click Open. If a frame was selected before placing, the graphic is placed within the frame.
You can also click to place a graphic into an existing empty frame or create a frame as
you place a graphic.
3- With the Selection tool in the toolbox, drag a corner point of a graphic frame to resize the
frame and to reveal or hide parts of the image.
4- Drag within the graphic area (not the center) to reposition the graphic and the frame.

7.14 Move, Resize and Adjust Graphics

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5- Use the Type tool to create a plain text frame for horizontal text, and the Vertical Type tool
to create a plain text frame for vertical text.
In Section-III of this chapter: 6- Use the same tools to edit existing text in a frame.

After completing this section, students will be able to: -

• define text formation
• understand text frame creation
• understand (font, character attributes, line spacing & paragraph
attributes)
• style loading from another document
• define how to organize styles into group
Figure 7.22

7.15 Text Formatting 7.18 Font

In InDesign Properties panel, there are two types of text formatting that you can apply to text: A font is a complete set of characters—letters, numbers, and symbols that share a common weight,
character formatting and paragraph formatting. Character formatting, such as font and font size,
width, and
applies to selected text or all of the text in a selected text frame. Paragraph formatting, such as
alignment, applies formatting to entire paragraphs.
Typefaces (often called type families or font families) are collections of fonts that share an overall
appearance, and are designed to be used together, such as Adobe Garamond.
You can view text formatting in separate panels by choosing Type > Character or Type >
Paragraph.
Line Spacing
1- Select the Type tool in the toolbox and drag across text to select it.
In InDesign, line spacing is controlled by the leading value, upper left in the control panel, just
2- In the Character section of the Properties panel, change the leading value to adjust the
below font size. There is a control in preferences that keeps that from happening, but it is off as a
spacing between lines of text.
default. Remembering that line spacing is called "leading", you might want to enable Apply
3- In the Paragraph section of the Properties panel, change formatting such as the text
Leading to Entire Paragraph.
alignment.

7.16 Create text frames Character Attributes

Text in InDesign resides inside containers called text frames. (A text frame) is similar to a text box In InDesign you can apply three types of character formatting: Individual character formats
in QuarkX Press and a text block in Adobe PageMaker.) including font, font size, bold, italic, underline, strikethrough, subscript, superscript, font color,
and highlight color. Artistic text effects that incorporate character outline and fill colors
There are two types of text frames: frame grids and plain text frames. Frame grids are the kind of
text frames specific to Asian-language composition in which character emboxes and spacing are
displayed as grids. Empty text frames in which no grid is displayed are plain text frames.
Paragraph Attributes
A paragraph in InDesign is any text that ends with a hard return. You insert a hard return anytime
Like graphics frames, text frames can be moved, resized, and changed. The tool with which you you press the Enter key. Paragraph formatting lets you control the appearance if individual
select a text frame determines the kind of changes you can make: paragraphs. For example, you can change the alignment of text from left to center or the spacing
1- Use the Type tool to enter or edit text in a frame. between lines form single to double. You can indent paragraphs, number them, or add borders and
2- Use the Selection tool for general layout tasks such as positioning and sizing a frame. 3- shading to them.
Use the Direct Selection tool to alter a frame’s shape.
4- Use the Horizontal Grid tool or the Vertical Grid tool to create a frame grid.

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7.19 Importing Styles from another document 3- In the file directory that opens, navigate to the file with styles you want to load and click
OK. The next dialog box has options for loading all the styles or selectively choosing
Just like Paragraph and Character Styles, Object Styles can greatly improve workflow by capturing ones that are needed.
commonly used attributes for frames. They can be used for text, image, and shape frames alike,
and can also be loaded between various InDesign files.

1- To import Object Styles from another document, go to the Window menu, then to Styles,
and select Object Styles.

7.21 Organizing group style

2- Go to the Object Styles Panel menu and choose Load Object Styles. You can organize styles by grouping them into separate folders in the Character Styles, Paragraph
Styles, Object Styles, Table Styles, and Cell Styles panels. You can even nest groups within groups.
Styles do not need to be in a group; you can add them to a group or to the root level of the panel.

Create a style group

1- In the Styles panel:
a. To create the group at the root level, deselect all styles.
b. To create a group within a group, select and open a group.
c. To include existing styles in the group, select the styles.

2- Choose New Style Group from the Styles panel menu, or choose New Group From Styles to
move the selected styles into the new group.

3- Type the name of the group and click OK.

4- To move a style into the group, drag the style over the style group. When the style group is
highlighted, release the mouse button.

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7.24 Exporting files

In Section-IV of this chapter: You can save all or part of an InDesign story in file formats that you can open later in other
applications. Each story in a document export to a separate document.

InDesign can export text in several file formats, which are listed in the Export dialog box. The
After completing this section, students will be able to: -
formats listed are used by other applications, and they may retain many of the type specifications,
• understand multi-page document organization indents, and tabs set in your document.
• know application of page numbers on multi-page magazine
• export files in different formats
You can save sections of commonly used text and page layout items as snippets.
7.22 Organize multi page document
Using the Type tool, click in the story you want to export. Choose File > Export. Specify a name and
1- To create a new page, with no content selected in the document, click the Create New Page location for the exported story, and select a text file format under Save as Type (Windows) or
button in the Properties panel. Format (Mac OS).
2- To edit page properties like size and orientation, click the Edit button in the Page section of
the Properties panel, with no content in the document selected. To stop editing page If you don’t see a listing for your word-processing application, you can save the document in a
properties, click the Back button at the top of the Properties panel. format the application can import, such as RTF. If your word-processing application doesn’t support
3- To duplicate a page, in the Pages panel (Window > Pages), you can drag a page thumbnail any other InDesign export formats, use a text-only format. Note, however, that exporting in text-only
to the Create New Page button at the bottom of the panel. format removes all character attributes from the text.
4- In the Pages panel, drag a page thumbnail to reorder it in the document.
5- To delete a selected page or pages, click the Delete Selected Pages button (trash can) at the Click Save to export the story in the format you’ve selected.
bottom of the Pages panel (Window > Pages).

7.23 Page Number in Multi page magazine

A special page number marker is often the first master item you add to a master page, especially
for longer documents, such as books, reports, or magazines.

To add a current page number marker (Figure 4.6):

1- Using the Type tool, draw a text frame on the A-Master page, in the footer area, and click
inside the frame.

2- Choose Type > Insert Special Character > Markers > Current Page Number. Adding a current
page number marker to a text frame on the master page.
The special page number marker that is inserted appears as the letter A, matching the prefix of
the master page. A page number on a B-Master would thus appear as the letter B.

3- Format the page number marker as you would format any other text, changing font, font
size, alignment, etc.

4- To return to a document page and see the page number appear, double-click a document
page in the Pages panel, or choose Layout > Go To Page and select a page from the Page
menu.

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