1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16. The stage at which durable consumer goods like radios, TV sets, automobiles, refrigerators, etc., life in the
suburbs, college education for one-third to one half the population came within reach.
A. Take-off stage
B. Drive to Maturity
C. The Age of High Mass Consumption
17. A trend representing a shift from the old agricultural economics to a novel non-agricultural economy, which
creates a modernized society.
A. Globalization
B. Specialization
C. Urbanization
D. None of the above
18. This concept encompasses various components of political freedom, freedom of expression, political
participation and equality of opportunity.
A. Sustenance
B. Freedom from Servitude
C. Self-Esteem
D. All of the above
19. The proponent of the Capability Approach
A. Amartya Sen
B. Todaro and Smith
C. Prof Goulet
D. Harrod Domar
20. Real achievements are called
A. Functionings
B. Capability
C. Adaptive Preferences
D. None of the above
21. It is the leading country in the Globalization Index Field of Social Globalization 2023.
A. Norway
B. Monaco
C. Italy
D. Luxembourg
22. It ranks lowest in the 2022 Human Development Index Ranking.
A. Sudan
B. Niger
C. Sierra Leone
D. Burkina Faso
23. The country that has the highest life expectancy in 2023.
A. Italy
B. Japan
C. Hong Kong
D. Finland
24. For the past years, this country has the longest mean year of schooling.
A. Australia
B. Denmark
C. Switzerland
D. Germany
25. The United Nations ranked this country on top of HDI 2023 index.
A. Sweden
B. Norway
C. Switzerland
D. Monaco
26. It is the leading country in the Globalization Index Field of political Globalization 2021.
A. Norway
B. Monaco
C. Germany
D. Luxembourg
27. This country has consistently led its way on top in the economic Globalization index.
A. USA
B. United Kingdom
C. Canada
D. Singapore
28. An increase in this factor enables a virtuous circle of increased investment, higher growth, and therefore,
higher of inward investment infrastructure.
A. Levels of inward investment
B. Levels of savings/capital
C. Levels of infrastructure
D. Foreign Aid
29. The increase in the level of production in an economy along enrichment of living standards and the
advancement of technology.
A. Economic Growth
B. Economic Stability
C. Economic Stability
D. Economic Affluence
30. It is the increase in the real output of the country in a particular span of time.
A. Economic Affluence
B. Economic Growth
C. Economic Stability
D. Economic Development
31. It is the branch of social sciences concerned with the study of human populations, their structure and change
and relationship with the natural environment and with social and economic change.
A. -
B. Environmental Science
C. -
D. Anthropology
32. Measurement of the number of people in an area.
A. Population Distribution
B. Population Pyramid
C. Population Structure
D. Population Density
33. It is usually shown as the number of people per square meter.
A. Population Distribution
B. Population Pyramid
C. Population Structure
D. Population Density
34. It shows the number of males and females within different age groups in the population.
A. Population Distribution
B. Population Growth Rate
C. Population Structure
D. Population Density
35. It refers to the accelerated economic growth that may result from a decline in a country’s birth and death
rates and the subsequent change in the age structure of the population.
A. Carrying Capacity
B. Net Migration
C. -retion
D. Demographic Dividend
36. Difference between the number of immigrants and the number of emigrants throughout the year.
A. Net Migration Rate
B. Population Growth Rate
C. Demographic Transition
D. Population Momentum
37. The number of people added to (or subtracted from) a population in a year due to natural increase and net
migration, expressed as a percentage of the population at the beginning of the time period.
A. Net Migration rate
B. Population Growth rate
C. Demographic Transitiones in populath
D. Carrying capacity
38. The tendency for changes in population growth rates to lag behind changes in birth rates or
fertility levels
A. Demographic Dividend
B. Population Momentum
C. Demographic Transition
D. All of the above
39. It Implies that people are able to have a satisfying and safe sex life, Including the freedom to decide if, when
and how often to reproduce.
A. Global Gag Rule
B. Family Planning
C. Productive Health
D. Contraceptives
40. A rapid and aramatie increase in the sive of a population.
A. Populaton Momentumn
B. Population Projection
C. Population Explosion
D. Population Density
41. Preventive checks exereise their influence on the growth of population by bringing down the birth rate,
Preventive checks are those checks which are applied by man.
A. Both statements are true.
B. First statement Is true, Second statement is false.
C. First statement Is false, Second statement is true.
D. Both statements are false.
42.
43. D. both statements are false
44.
45. Which does not belong to the four key elements that Amartya Sen sees as crucial for evaluating the well-
being of a person?
A. Reflecting complexity
B. Achievements and effective freedom
C. Adaptive preferences
D. None of the above
46. Which continent tops the Human Development Index and economic, social and political Globalization
Indices?
A. North America
B. Asia
C. Europe
D. Australia
47. The following are indicators of economic development except:
a. purchasing power parity
b. share of agriculture in economy
c. literacy rate
d. nominal GDP
48. There are many barriers to education around the world, including a lack of money for uniforms and books, a
bias against girls' education, or child labor. But education is often referred to as the great equalizer, because
it can open the door to jobs and other resources and skills that a family needs to not just survive, but thrive.
A. Both statements are true.
B. First statement is true, second statement is false,
C. First statement is false, second statement is true.
D. Both statements are false.
49. Migration is influenced by economic growth and development and by technological change and possibly also
by conflict and social disruption. It is driven by push factors that attract people to urban areas and pull
factors that drive people away from the countryside.
A. Both statements are true.
B. First statement is true, second statement is
false.
C. First statement is false, Second statement is
true.
D. Both statements are false.
50. It is the economic doctrine which states that profits will be retained by the capitalist entrepreneur, at the
expense of workers.
a. Keynesian
b. Malthusian
c. Marxist
d. Machiavellian
True or False (20 points)
Shade A if the statement is correct and B if the statement is untrue.
51. For communities constantly facing climate extremes or prolonged conflict, the repeated shocks can send a
family reeling into extreme poverty and prevent them from ever recovering.
52. Poverty causes hunger but hunger is also a cause and maintainer of poverty.
53. The HDI was introduced in 1990 as part of the World Happiness Report (WHR) to provide a means of
measuring economic development in three broad areas - per capita income, health and education.
54. Education is often referred to as the great equalizer, because it can open the door to jobs and other
resources and skiisthat adamily.needs.to not just survive, but thrive.
55. Ineffective governments also contribute to several of the other causes of extreme poverty mentioned above,
as they are unable to proyide necessary infrastructure or healthcare, or ensure the safety and security of
their citizens in the event of conflict.
56. Stability means a predictable political environment which in turn attracts investment, both internally and
from ovesider outside.
57. Oklow (2020) states that poverty is not just about money, but also includes issues of access to services such
health care and education, marginalization and exclusion.
58. Oklow (2020) ______ increase higher value-added jobs and this leads to more employment health care and
education, marginalization and exclusion.
B.
58(?) Services and ____ might be involved in the decision making process- especially when it is opportunities.
59. For a population to escape poverty, all groups must be involved in the decision-making process - especially
when it comes to having a say in the things that determine your place in society.
60. Dwindling access to productive land often due to conflict, overpopulation, or climate change and
overexploitation of resotirces like fish or minerals puts increasing pressure on many traditional livelihoods.
61. Fertility rates tend to increase when countries become more affluent, when women are more empowered,
when children stay in education for long and when, crucially, people are able and choose to use good,
modern family planning. B.
62. The HDI is a broader and more encompassing indicator of development than GDP.
63. According to UN (2019), more than half of the people added to the world's population over the rest of the
century will be in Latin America and the Carribean.
B.
64. Urban sprawi is when the population of a city becomes dispersed over an increasingly large geographical
area.
A.
65. Many of the world's poorest populations rely on farming or hunting and gathering to eat and earn a living.
66. The HDI was introduced in 1990 as part of the World Happiness Report (WHR) to provide a means of
measuring economic development in three broad areas - per capita income, health and education.
67. The World Health Organization (WHO) states that there is no interrelationship between population and
quality of life.
68. According to UN, climate change, poverty and population pressures themselves will lead to a highly mobile
global population, with Asia likely to be the largest source of emigrants. A.
69. Demographic momentum means that the impact of changes in fertility is immediately reflected in
population. B.
70. According to Malthus, by nature human food increases in a quick geometrical ratio while population in as
low arithmetical ratio. A.
III. Essay (10 points)
Among the four theories of economic growth, which do you find most plausible? Explain your answer.
Neoclassical Growth Theory is crucial in today’s economy because it explains how technology, capital,
and labor drive long-term growth. It highlights that while investing in capital and labor can boost the
economy, sustained growth depends on technological progress. In the modern world, automation,
artificial intelligence, and digital transformation are reshaping industries. Countries that invest in
education, research, and innovation experience faster economic growth. Without continuous
technological advancements, economies face slow progress and stagnation. Governments use this
theory to guide policies on infrastructure, digitalization, and workforce development. It explains why
nations that focus on technology and skilled labor grow faster than those relying only on resources. As
the world shifts to AI, automation, and renewable energy, this theory remains highly relevant. Countries
that fail to embrace technological progress risk being left behind in the global economy. Therefore,
Neoclassical Growth Theory is the key to understanding and achieving sustainable economic
development today.
Neoclassical Growth Theory is essential today because it explains how technology, capital, and labor
drive long-term economic growth. It emphasizes that while investment in capital and labor is important,
technological progress is the key to sustained development. In the modern world, automation, AI, and
digital transformation are reshaping industries, making innovation and education crucial. Governments
use this theory to guide policies on infrastructure, workforce development, and digitalization. Nations that
focus on technology and skilled labor grow faster, while those that don’t risk economic stagnation. As the
world shifts to automation and renewable energy, this theory remains highly relevant. Therefore,
embracing technological progress is essential for sustainable economic success.
